Damps

N6-(2-deoxy-α,β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamido-pyrimidine (Fapy•dG) is formed from a common intermediate and in comparable amounts to the well-studied mutagenic DNA lesion 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OxodGuo). Fapy•dG preferentially gives rise to G → T transversions and G → A transitions. However, the molecular basis by which Fapy•dG is processed by DNA polymerases during this mutagenic process remains poorly understood. To address this we investigated how DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a model mammalian polymerase, bypasses a templating Fapy•dG, inserts Fapy•dGTP, and extends from Fapy•dG at the primer terminus...

Photosensitizer (PS) with enhanced fluorescence is attractive for image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to its dual functional role in Singlet Oxygen Generation (SOG) and producing high fluorescence signals. Here, Eosin-Y (Ey) decorated polymer coated gold nanorods (GNRs) of different aspect ratios are synthesized and introduced as novel plasmon-enhanced nano-photosensitizers for this purpose. We show, upon excitation at 519 nm, simultaneous enhancement in fluorescence and SOG was achieved for the hybrid nanostructure...

UNLABELLED: Acanthopanax gracilistylus is a deciduous plant in the family Araliaceae, which is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine, as the root bark has functions of nourishing the liver and kidneys, removing dampness and expelling wind, and strengthening the bones and tendons. Kaurenoic acid (KA) is the main effective substance in the root bark of A. gracilistylus with strong anti-inflammatory effects. To elucidate the KA biosynthesis pathway, second-generation (DNA nanoball) and third-generation (Pacific Biosciences) sequencing were performed to analyze the transcriptomes of the A...

Self-oscillating systems possess the ability to convert ambient energy directly into mechanical work, and new types of self-oscillating systems are worth designing for practical applications in energy harvesters, engines and actuators. Taking inspiration from the four-stroke engine. A concept for a self-rotating engine is presented on the basis of photothermally responsive materials, consisting of a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fiber, a hinge and a turnplate, which can self-rotate under steady illumination...

INTRODUCTION: Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is a widespread disorder, and the worldwide incidence is rapidly increasing. Acupuncture, an intervention out of the spectrum of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long tradition as treatment for ED. Nonetheless, a best practice treatment protocol is currently missing. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed a huge diversity of acupuncture treatments for ED and concluded that there is an urgent need to standardize acupuncture treatment for ED...

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an idiopathic form of pregnancy-induced heart failure associated with preeclampsia. Circulating factors in late pregnancy are thought to contribute to both diseases, suggesting a common underlying pathophysiological process. However, what drives this process remains unclear. Using serum proteomics, we identified the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a marker of cellular senescence associated with biological aging, as the most highly up-regulated pathway in young women with PPCM or preeclampsia...

Although histone proteins are widely known for their intranuclear functions where they organize DNA, all five histone types can also be released into the extracellular space from damaged cells. Extracellular histones can interact with pattern recognition receptors of peripheral immune cells, including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), causing pro-inflammatory activation, which indicates they may act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in peripheral tissues. Very limited information is available about functions of extracellular histones in the central nervous system (CNS)...

This paper aims to reduce friction pair erosion of the clutch in the case of continuous shift; the dynamic separation process of the friction pair is investigated. The temperature of the friction pair, friction torque, and separation speed in the separation process are taken as the research objects, and the dynamics simulation model and finite element thermal coupling simulation model of the clutch separation process are established. The nonlinear dynamic separation characteristics of the friction pair are investigated by comparing and analyzing the effects of control parameters such as rotational speed difference, damping ratio, and lubricant viscosity on the friction torque, friction pair separation speed, separation gap, and contact stress during the separation process...

Shear thickening fluids (STFs) are a unique type of fluids that can quickly transform into a solid-like state when subjected to forces (rate dependent). These fluids are created by dispersing micro and nanoparticles within a medium. When the force is removed, they return to their original liquid state. Shear thickening fluids can absorb a significant amount of impact energy, making them useful for reducing vibrations and serving as a damper. This study provides a comprehensive and brief overview of existing literature on shear thickening fluids, including their properties, classification, and the rheological mechanisms behind the shear thickening behaviour...

Recently, the altermagnetic materials with spin splitting effect (SSE), have drawn significant attention due to their potential to the flexible control of the spin polarization by the Néel vector. Here, the direct and inverse altermagnetic SSE (ASSE) in the (101)-oriented RuO2 film with the tilted Néel vector are reported. First, the spin torque along the x-, y-, and z-axis is detected from the spin torque-induced ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR), and the z-spin torque emerges when the electric current is along the [010] direction, showing the anisotropic spin splitting of RuO2 ...

Pythium-like species cause damping-off symptoms of various hosts, including umbelliferous crops. In April 2023, parsley plantlets ( Petroselinum crispum ), showing stunted growth, yellowing, decayed roots and damping-off, were obtained from a nursery in central Slovenia, where parsley was grown in polystyrene trays in a greenhouse. Nearly 30% of plants were symptomatic. Sampled roots of ten plants contained ornamented oogonia (avg. 33.3 ± 1.4 µm in diam) with conical projections (5.2 ± 0.5 µm long) (Figure S1 A, B) in microscopically analyzed squash mounts...

Mechanically robust hydrogel fibers have demonstrated great potential in energy dissipation and shock-absorbing applications. However, developing such materials that are recyclable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly remains an enormous challenge. Herein, inspired by spider silk, a continuous and scalable method is introduced for spinning a polyacrylamide hydrogel microfiber with a hierarchical sheath-core structure under ambient conditions. Applying pre-stretch and twist in the as-spun hydrogel microfibers results in a tensile strength of 525 MPa, a toughness of 385 MJ m-3 , and a damping capacity of 99%, which is attributed to the reinforcement of hydrogen-bond nanoclusters within the microfiber matrix...

As a common medicinal and edible resource in China, Coicis Semen has a long history of cultivation and medicinal use. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) clinically believes that Coicis Semen has the effect of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lungs, clearing heat and dampness, removing pus and paralysis, and stopping diarrhea. Therefore, it is used to treat edema, foot odor, spleen deficiency, diarrhea, and other symptoms. The above effects are closely related to the active ingredients of Coicis Semen, such as esters, fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, as well as phenolic acids, sterols, flavonoids, lactams, triterpenes, alkaloids, and adenosine...

In our contemporary world, demanding sustainable resource management, the study focuses on innovative fast flow channel designs. It investigates their efficacy in reducing flow kinetic energy, aiming to optimize water and energy management and diminish flood risks. Employing diverse methodologies, it analyzes and develops these designs, proving their substantial impact on stream energy management. These innovations not only enhance energy efficiency but also mitigate risks associated with excess kinetic energy, promoting safer stream management...

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, as a common disease in the male urinary system, has traditionally been considered to have the basic pathogenesis of kidney deficiency and blood stasis. However, this disease involves many pathological factors such as "damp-heat", leading to confusion and difficulty in resolving the condition. "Fen Xiao Zou Xie" is an important treatment method used by Ye Tianshi to address damp-heat patterns and is now widely applied in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary system diseases. "Fen Xiao" refers to the removal of pathogenic factors through different pathways, while "Zou Xie" means using medications that promote excretion and do not stay, allowing the elimination of pathogenic factors from the body...

This article presents a parametrized response model that enhances the limit of detection (LOD) of piezoelectrically driven microcantilever (PD-MC) based gas sensors by accounting for the adsorption-induced variations in elastic properties of the functionalization layer (binder) and the nonlinear motional dynamics of the PD-MC. The developed model is demonstrated for quantifying cadaverine, a volatile biogenic diamine whose concentration is used to assess the freshness of meat. At low concentrations of cadaverine, an increase in the resonance frequency is observed, contrary to the expected reduction due to mass added by adsorption...

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria Baicalensis (SB), one of the clinical firstline heat-clearing drugs, has obvious symptomatic advantages for hepatic fibrosis with dampness-heat stasis as its syndrome. We aim to predict and validate the potential mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis active ingredients against liver fibrosis more scientifically and effectively. METHODS: The underlying mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis in inhibiting hepatic fibrosis was studied by applying network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation...

Yttrium iron garnet, a material possessing ultralow magnetic damping and extraordinarily long magnon diffusion length, is the most widely studied magnetic insulator in spintronics and magnonics. Field-free electrical control of perpendicular yttrium iron garnet magnetization with considerable efficiency is highly desired for excellent device performance. Here, we demonstrate such an accomplishment with a collinear spin current, whose spin polarization and propagation direction are both perpendicular to the interface...

Excessive inflammatory responses are the main characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC). Activation of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) has been found to promote the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells, but its role and therapeutic potential in UC remain unclear. This study observed an increased expression of FPR1 in a mouse model of colitis. Interestingly, FPR1 deficiency exacerbated UC and increased the secretion of the pro-inflammatory mediator from immune cells (e.g., macrophages), S100a8, a member of the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Fangji Huangqi Decoction (FHD) is frequently prescribed for the clinical treatment of wind-cold and wind-dampness pathogenic superficial deficiency syndrome. It also has a notable curative effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of FHD against RA and provided a theoretical basis for alternative therapies for RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used UPLC-Q-TOF-MS to analysis the ingredients and absorbed blood components of FHD...