Anti coagulants

OBJECTIVE: Body mass index (BMI) is known to contribute to outcomes for patients with knee OA. Furthermore, BMI influences the protein expression of orthobiologic treatments like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and microfragmented adipose tissue (MFAT). We performed a secondary analysis of the association of BMI with PROs for patients with knee OA who received either PRP or MFAT injections. METHODS: Seventy-one patients with knee OA were randomized to receive a single ultrasound-guided injection of PRP or MFAT...

UNLABELLED: Studies have suggested a relationship between tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. However, there is inconsistency in the findings of the studies. To enhance comprehension of this relationship, a meta-analysis was conducted. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to identify eligible studies. The mean difference was employed as effect measures and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized as a summary statistic...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin K deficiency can lead to severe coagulation dysfunction, which may be dangerous and fatal, especially in patients undergoing surgery. METHODS: We report an 84-year-old male patient with gallstones and cholecystitis who had a severe coagulation disorder without bleeding symptoms after endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for removal of bile duct stones. After vitamin K supplementation, the coagulation dysfunction was corrected the next day. RESULTS: In this case, long-term antibiotic treatment, inadequate diet, and abnormal liver function led to coagulation dysfunction...

The global research and pharmaceutical community rapidly mobilized to develop treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Existing treatments have been repurposed and new drugs have emerged. Here we summarize mechanisms and clinical trials of COVID-19 therapeutics approved or in development. Two reviewers, working independently, reviewed published data for approved COVID-19 vaccines and drugs, as well as developmental pipelines, using databases from the following organizations: United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), and ClinicalTrials...

Scorpio is a valuable Chinese animal medicine commonly used in clinical practice in China. It is the main drug in the treatment of liver wind internal movement caused by various reasons throughout the history of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with the effects of relieving wind and spasm, dredging collaterals, relieving pain, and eliminating toxin and mass. Scorpio is poisonous and often used as medicine after processing. There are records of its processing as early as the Song Dynasty. Afterward, there were more than 15 processing methods, including frying with vinegar, neat processing, and stir-frying...

Polymeric heart valves (PHVs) present a promising alternative for treating valvular heart diseases with satisfactory hydrodynamics and durability against structural degeneration. However, the cascaded coagulation, inflammatory responses, and calcification in the dynamic blood environment pose significant challenges to the surface design of current PHVs. In this study, we employed a surface-initiated polymerization method to modify polystyrene- block -isobutylene- block -styrene (SIBS) by creating three hydrogel coatings: poly(2-methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC), poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (pAMPS), and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)...

Alzheimer's disease (ad) is a neurological condition that worsens over time and is characterized by the buildup of amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the brain parenchyma. Neuroprotection and cholinesterase inhibition have been the two primary techniques used in the creation of medications to date. In ad, a novel sort of programmed cell death known as ferroptosis takes place along with iron buildup, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione deficiency. The objective of the current investigation was to examine the neuroprotective and anti-ferroptotic role of nanocurcumin and Donepezil against model of aluminum chloride AlCl3 and D-galactose induced ad...

A complex interaction among virulence factors, host-genes and host immune system is considered to be responsible for dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease progression. Generation of auto-antibodies during DENV infection is a major phenomenon that plays a role in the pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hemostasis, thrombocytopenia, hepatic endothelial dysfunction, and autoimmune blistering skin disease (pemphigus) are different clinical manifestations of dengue pathogenesis; produced due to the molecular mimicry of DENV proteins with self-antigens like coagulation factors, platelets and endothelial cell proteins...

Chitosan-based nanoparticles inevitably adsorb numerous proteins in the bloodstream, forming a protein corona that significantly influences their functionality. This study employed a pre-coated protein corona using cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (cRGD)-modified bovine serum albumin (BcR) to confer tumor-targeting capabilities on siVEGF-loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles (CsR/siVEGF NPs) and actively manipulated the serum protein corona composition to enhance their anti-tumor angiogenesis. Consequently, BcR effectively binds to the nanoparticles' surface, generating nanocarriers of appropriate size and stability that enhance the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, as well as suppress tumor proliferation and angiogenesis in tumor-bearing nude mice...

Despite the understanding of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), the role of salivary extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in COVID-19 remains unclear. Exploring the proteomic cargo of sEVs could prove valuable for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in assessing COVID-19. The proteomic cargo of sEVs from COVID-19(+) subjects and their healthy close contacts (HCC) was explored. sEVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from unstimulated saliva samples, and subsequently characterized through nanoparticle tracking, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analyses...

Endothelial Protein C Receptor (EPCR) is a key regulator of the activated protein C anti-coagulation pathway due to its role in the binding and activation of this protein. EPCR also binds to other ligands such as Factor VII and X, γδ T-cells, plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, and Secretory group V Phospholipases A2, facilitating ligand-specific functions. The functions of EPCR can also be regulated by soluble (s)EPCR that competes for the binding sites of membrane-bound (m)EPCR...

Gene therapy for haemophilia, utilizing adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) and coagulation factor genes, have demonstrated promising results, leading to recent approvals and introduction of the first gene therapy products into clinical practice. For successful and safe use, there are predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the treatment process and associated risks should be thoroughly understood and long-term safety and efficacy carefully evaluated during follow up. As gene therapy becomes more accessible outside of clinical study centers, continuous evaluation of patient eligibility for subsequent AAV-based treatments becomes essential...

Administration of high dose vitamin K1 (VK1) overcomes coagulopathy and bleeding elicited by acute poisoning with long-acting anti-coagulant rodenticides (LAARs). However, long-term (months) treatment is required due to long LAAR biological half-lives that may lead to poor compliance and recurrent coagulopathy. The half-lives of LAARs are extended by slow metabolism, and similar to warfarin, are thought to undergo enterohepatic recirculation. We now show that treatment with the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine (CSA) administered concomitantly with VK1 decreases plasma LAAR levels and increases LAAR fecal excretion...

With the development of modern medical standards, autoimmune diseases and their associated successive osteoporosis have received increasing attention in recent years. Patients with autoimmune diseases, due to the characteristics of the disease and the prolonged use of glucocorticoid hormone therapy, may affect the bone formation and bone absorption of the patient, followed by severe successive osteoporosis, thereby increasing the risk of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Vertebral compression fractures of the spine are common fracture types in patients with osteoporotic fractures...

The paper presents the investigation of the biological properties of Poly(Lactide)-Copper composite material obtained by sputter deposition of copper onto Poly(lactide) melt-blown nonwoven fabrics. The functionalized composite material was subjected to microbial activity tests against colonies of Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus ), Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) bacteria, Chaetomium globosum and Candida albicans fungal mold species and biochemical-hematological tests including the evaluation of the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Prothrombin Time, Thrombin Time and electron microscopy fibrin network imaging...

The Iranian Echis Carinatus (IEC) venom is an exclusive natural source of bio-substances for a wide range of purposes in the blood coagulation cascade. The present study for the first time was aimed to assess novel pro-coagulant, anti-coagulant and anti-platelet proteins, named EC1.5 (a) , EC5.1 (b) and EC4 (a) from Iranian Echis Carinatus (IEC) venom. These peptides were purified by multi-step chromatography methods. Hematological properties were measured using activated clotting tests, platelet aggregation studies, and hemorrhage assessment...

BACKGROUND: Tracheal injury is a rare but potentially serious acute complication of endotracheal intubation. Very few cases of tracheal injury associated with coagulation abnormalities have been reported in the literature. We present a rare case of a patient presenting with tracheal injury in combination with coagulation abnormalities following thyroidectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old woman with a history of postoperative chemotherapy for breast cancer, gastric polyps, multiple colonic polyps, esophageal papillary adenomas, and thyroid adenomas presented with dyspnea following 10 ml hemoptysis on the third day after thyroidectomy; she was admitted to the intensive care unit and underwent tracheal intubation for maintaining the airway...

The blood protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multimeric protein that, when activated, binds to blood platelets tethering them to the site of vascular injury initiating blood coagulation. This process is critical for the normal haemostatic response, but especially under inflammatory conditions it is thought to be a major player in pathological thrombus formation. For this reason, VWF has been the target for the development of anti-thrombotic therapeutics. However, it is challenging to prevent pathological thrombus formation while still allowing normal physiological blood coagulation as currently available anti-thrombotic therapeutics are known to cause unwanted bleeding in particular intracranial haemorrhage...

PURPOSE: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as pharmaceutical and drug delivery tools exhibited harmful effects on human health and other living species. Quercetin (Qur) reveals various pharmacological effects specially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic. This study is directed to investigate hepatotoxicity of GNPs, in addition, to assess the impact of Qur in mitigating the toxicological effects of GNPs. METHODS: Groups of rats were treated with or without sphere GNPs (10, 20 and 50 nm) and Qur (200 mg/kg b...

OBJECTIVES: This is a narrative review that aims to highlight key advancements which led to the current state of lower extremity bypass surgery. It focuses on key contributors during the last century who have driven the standardization of surgical treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. METHODS: A narrative review was conducted utilizing available resources in the scientific and historical literature to track landmark achievements in the development of modern lower extremity bypass surgery for occlusive disease, focusing primarily on the last century of advancement...