keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36971637/serologic-response-and-adverse-effects-of-recombinant-canine-distemper-vaccination-in-three-aquarium-housed-walruses-odobenus-rosmarus
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie Pujol, Catherine Rousseau, Claire Vergneau-Grosset
Fatalities have been associated with phocine and canine distemper viruses in marine mammals, including pinnipeds. No data are available regarding distemper disease or vaccination in walruses. This study evaluates seroconversion and clinical adverse effects following administration of a canarypox-vectored recombinant distemper vaccination (two 1-ml doses, 3 wk apart) in three adult aquarium-housed walruses. Serum antibodies to distemper were measured using seroneutralization on blood samples collected under operant conditioning prior to and for 12 mon after vaccination or until titers were <32...
March 2023: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693985/the-mystery-of-cancer-resistance-a-revelation-within-nature
#22
REVIEW
Devangkumar D Trivedi, Sarat Kumar Dalai, Sonal Rajiv Bakshi
Cancer, a disease due to uncontrolled cell proliferation is as ancient as multicellular organisms. A 255-million-years-old fossilized forerunner mammal gorgonopsian is probably the oldest evidence of cancer, to date. Cancer seems to have evolved by adapting to the microenvironment occupied by immune sentinel, modulating the cellular behavior from cytotoxic to regulatory, acquiring resistance to chemotherapy and surviving hypoxia. The interaction of genes with environmental carcinogens is central to cancer onset, seen as a spectrum of cancer susceptibility among human population...
April 2023: Journal of Molecular Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36408667/a-regime-shift-in-the-southeast-greenland-marine-ecosystem
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Philippine Chambault, Teunis Jansen, Caroline V B Gjelstrup, Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid, Andreas Macrander, Gísli Víkingsson, Xiangdong Zhang, Camilla S Andresen, Brian R MacKenzie
Two major oceanographic changes have recently propagated through several trophic levels in coastal areas of Southeast Greenland (SEG). Firstly, the amount of drift-ice exported from the Fram Strait and transported with the East Greenland Current (EGC) has decreased significantly over the past two decades, and a main tipping element (summer sea ice) has virtually disappeared since 2003 leading to a regime shift in oceanographic and ecological conditions in the region. The following 20-year period with low or no coastal sea ice is unique in the 200-year history of ice observations in the region, and the regime shift is also obvious in the volume of ice export through the Fram Strait after 2013...
November 21, 2022: Global Change Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36266680/orsai-the-drosophila-homolog-of-human-etfrf1-links-lipid-catabolism-to-growth-control
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Magdalena Fernandez-Acosta, Juan I Romero, Guillermo Bernabó, Giovanna M Velázquez-Campos, Nerina Gonzalez, M Lucía Mares, Santiago Werbajh, L Amaranta Avendaño-Vázquez, Gerald N Rechberger, Ronald P Kühnlein, Cristina Marino-Buslje, Rafael Cantera, Carolina Rezaval, M Fernanda Ceriani
BACKGROUND: Lipid homeostasis is an evolutionarily conserved process that is crucial for energy production, storage and consumption. Drosophila larvae feed continuously to achieve the roughly 200-fold increase in size and accumulate sufficient reserves to provide all energy and nutrients necessary for the development of the adult fly. The mechanisms controlling this metabolic program are poorly understood. RESULTS: Herein we identified a highly conserved gene, orsai (osi), as a key player in lipid metabolism in Drosophila...
October 21, 2022: BMC Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36251417/carotid-artery-stenting-using-the-walrus-balloon-guide-catheter-with-flow-reversal-for-proximal-embolic-protection-technical-description-and-single-center-case-series
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin M Cappuzzo, Andre Monteiro, Muhammad Waqas, Ammad A Baig, Daniel O Popoola, Faisal Almayman, Wasiq I Khawar, Zoe G Farkash, Jason M Davies, Adnan H Siddiqui, Elad I Levy, Kenneth V Snyder
BACKGROUND: The use of modern transfemoral balloon guide catheters (BGC) for flow reversal during carotid artery stenting is scarcely described in the literature but represents a promising and efficient technique for embolic protection. OBJECTIVE: To describe a flow-reversal technique using the Walrus BGC (Q'Apel Medical Inc.) and report our center's experience. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data for consecutive patients aged 18 years or older who underwent elective carotid artery stenting with the use of flow reversal through the Walrus BGC between July 2020 and September 2021...
October 17, 2022: Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36228858/occurrence-of-emerging-brominated-flame-retardants-and-organophosphate-esters-in-marine-wildlife-from-the-norwegian-arctic
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Lippold, Mikael Harju, Jon Aars, Pierre Blévin, Jenny Bytingsvik, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Kit M Kovacs, Jan Ludwig Lyche, Christian Lydersen, Audun H Rikardsen, Heli Routti
To understand the exposure and potential sources of emerging brominated flame retardants (EBFR) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) in marine wildlife from the Norwegian Arctic, we investigated concentrations of EBFRs in 157 tissue samples from nine species of marine vertebrates and OPEs in 34 samples from three whale species. The samples, collected from a wide range of species with contrasting areal use and diets, included blubber of blue whales, fin whales, humpback whales, white whales, killer whales, walruses and ringed seals and adipose tissue and plasma from polar bears, as well as adipose tissue from glaucous gulls...
October 10, 2022: Environmental Pollution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36157061/sexual-dimorphism-in-the-walrus-mandible-comparative-description-and-geometric-morphometrics
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mathieu Boisville, Narimane Chatar, Olivier Lambert, Leonard Dewaele
The modern walrus Odobenus rosmarus is characterized by marked sexual dimorphism, related to its polygynous behavior and the aggressive competition between males during the breeding season. Previous studies treated skeletal sexual dimorphism in walruses either qualitatively or with basic quantitative measurements. The present study combines a detailed qualitative comparison of male and female walrus mandibles with quantitative two-dimensional geometric morphometrics analysis (principal component analysis, Procrustes ANOVA and a linear discriminant analysis)...
2022: PeerJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35770606/transfemoral-flow-reversal-for-carotid-artery-stenting-with-balloon-guide-catheter-proof-of-concept-with-robotic-transcranial-doppler
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin M Cappuzzo, Andre Monteiro, Muhammad Waqas, Ammad A Baig, Kenneth V Snyder, Elad I Levy, Adnan H Siddiqui
In this video, we demonstrate our technique for transfemoral carotid artery stenting (CAS) with flow-reversal through a Walrus balloon guide catheter (BGC) using robotic transcranial Doppler (rTCD) monitoring. Before crossing the plaque for distal filter placement and/or angioplasty, the BGC is inflated and the three-way stopcock opened, allowing back-bleeding. Immediately, the rTCD shows a change in blood-flow direction, indicating flow-reversal, which likely occurs due to a passive pressure gradient between the intracranial compartment and the atmospheric pressure...
June 30, 2022: Interventional Neuroradiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35672645/pfas-and-pbdes-in-traditional-subsistence-foods-from-sivuqaq-alaska
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sam Byrne, Samarys Seguinot-Medina, Vi Waghiyi, Erika Apatiki, Tiffany Immingan, Pamela Miller, Frank A von Hippel, Charles Loren Buck, David O Carpenter
The Arctic is a hemispheric sink for both legacy and current use persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Once in the Arctic, POPs biomagnify in food webs, potentially reaching concentrations in high trophic level animals that pose a health concern for people who subsist on those animals. Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic may be highly exposed to POPs through their traditional diets. The objective of this study was to assess concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in tissues of traditionally harvested foods from Sivuqaq (St...
June 8, 2022: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35602043/identification-of-a-novel-astrovirus-in-pinnipeds
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peijun Zhang, Haoxiang Su, Ruoyan Peng, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Shijie Bai, Gaoyu Wang, Yi Huang, Xiaoyuan Hu, Jun Luo, Sisi Liu, Youyou Li, Liying Xue, Fan Yang, Mingming Zhao, Yun Zhang, Chuanning Tang, Shu Shen, Xiuji Cui, Lina Niu, Gang Lu, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Fei Deng, Weijia Zhang, Feifei Yin, Jiang Du
Astroviruses infect human and animals and cause diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. In severe cases, these infections may be fatal in infants and juvenile animals. Previous evidence showed that humans in contact with infected animals can develop serological responses to astroviruses. Mamastrovirus 11 is a species of Mamastrovirus and was first reported in 2018. It was detected in the fecal samples of a California sea lion. The genome sequence of its capsid protein (CP) was submitted to GenBank. However, the genome sequence of its non-structural protein region was not elucidated...
2022: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35557421/trichinosis-of-marine-mammals-in-the-territory-of-chukotka
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Darja Mashkina, Lidiya Bukina, Viktoriya Gaponova
Chukotka is the only region of the Russian Federation where traditional fishing of marine mammals, including the gray whale Eschrichtius gibbosus, is conducted. More than 70% of the indigenous population of the coastal settlements of the Chukchi Peninsula eat the meat of marine mammals. Due to the huge distances between communities, lack of infrastructure, limited access to medical and veterinary care, isolated studies of marine mammal infestation with trichinella larvae are being conducted. For the first time, trichinella in the Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens in Chukotka were recorded in the coastal zone of the Bering and Chukchi Seas in the 1970s...
May 2022: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35555301/morphological-trends-of-the-pinniped-tympanic-bulla-with-emphasis-on-phocidae
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lindsey Koper, Irina Koretsky, Sulman J Rahmat
Research over the past century is extremely limited on the morphology of the auditory apparatuses of pinnipeds, which include the Families Phocidae (true seals), Otariidae (sea lions and fur seals), and Odobenidae (walruses). An extensive literature review revealed in accurate terminology of this region, incorrect information, mislabeled figures, and details that only correspond to terrestrial taxa. Pinnipeds are unique semiaquatic taxa, possessing adaptations that allow them to hear efficiently both in water and on land...
May 2022: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35550288/paralytic-shellfish-toxins-in-alaskan-arctic-food-webs-during-the-anomalously-warm-ocean-conditions-of-2019-and-estimated-toxin-doses-to-pacific-walruses-and-bowhead-whales
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathi A Lefebvre, Evangeline Fachon, Emily K Bowers, David G Kimmel, Jonathan A Snyder, Raphaela Stimmelmayr, Jacqueline M Grebmeier, Steve Kibler, D Ransom Hardison, Donald M Anderson, David Kulis, Jim Murphy, Jeanette C Gann, Dan Cooper, Lisa B Eisner, Janet T Duffy-Anderson, Gay Sheffield, Robert S Pickart, Anna Mounsey, Maryjean L Willis, Phyllis Stabeno, Elizabeth Siddon
Climate change-related ocean warming and reduction in Arctic sea ice extent, duration and thickness increase the risk of toxic blooms of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella in the Alaskan Arctic. This algal species produces neurotoxins that impact marine wildlife health and cause the human illness known as paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). This study reports Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST) concentrations quantified in Arctic food web samples that include phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic clams, benthic worms, and pelagic fish collected throughout summer 2019 during anomalously warm ocean conditions...
May 2022: Harmful Algae
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35461500/marine-mammal-detections-on-the-chukchi-plateau-2009-2020
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathleen M Stafford, Humfrey Melling, Sue E Moore, Catherine L Berchok, Eric K Braen, Arial M Brewer, Brynn M Kimber
The Arctic Ice Monitoring (AIM) observatory has been maintained on the Chukchi Plateau at 75.1° N 168.0° W nearly continuously since 2003. The AIM site consists of a submerged mooring that, since October 2008, has been instrumented with a passive acoustic recorder to sample ambient sound, with a focus on marine mammal detections in the High Arctic. Year-long data sets for 2009, 2012, and 2014-2020 were analyzed for the presence of signals from Arctic species including bowhead and beluga whales, bearded seals, and walrus...
April 2022: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35412091/summer-fall-diet-and-macronutrient-assimilation-in-an-arctic-predator
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C A Stricker, K D Rode, B D Taras, J F Bromaghin, L Horstmann, L Quakenbush
Free-ranging predator diet estimation is commonly achieved by applying molecular-based tracers because direct observation is not logistically feasible or robust. However, tracers typically do not represent all dietary macronutrients, which likely obscures resource use as prey proximate composition varies and tissue consumption can be specific. For example, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) preferentially consume blubber, yet diets have been estimated using fatty acids based on prey blubber or stable isotopes of lipid-extracted prey muscle, neither of which represent both protein and lipid macronutrient contributions...
April 12, 2022: Oecologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35382600/walruses-on-the-dnieper-new-evidence-for-the-intercontinental-trade-of-greenlandic-ivory-in-the-middle-ages
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James H Barrett, Natalia Khamaiko, Giada Ferrari, Angélica Cuevas, Catherine Kneale, Anne Karin Hufthammer, Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir, Bastiaan Star
Mediaeval walrus hunting in Iceland and Greenland-driven by Western European demand for ivory and walrus hide ropes-has been identified as an important pre-modern example of ecological globalization. By contrast, the main origin of walrus ivory destined for eastern European markets, and then onward trade to Asia, is assumed to have been Arctic Russia. Here, we investigate the geographical origin of nine twelfth-century CE walrus specimens discovered in Kyiv, Ukraine-combining archaeological typology (based on chaîne opératoire assessment), ancient DNA (aDNA) and stable isotope analysis...
April 13, 2022: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35382593/the-relationship-between-dietary-trophic-level-parasites-and-the-microbiome-of-pacific-walrus-odobenus-rosmarus-divergens
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claire Couch, Justin Sanders, Danielle Sweitzer, Kristen Deignan, Lesley Cohen, Heather Broughton, Sheanna Steingass, Brianna Beechler
Arctic species are likely to experience rapid shifts in prey availability under climate change, which may alter their exposure to microbes and parasites. Here, we describe fecal bacterial and macroparasite communities and assess correlations with diet trophic level in Pacific walruses harvested during subsistence hunts by members of the Native Villages of Gambell and Savoonga on St Lawrence Island, Alaska. Fecal bacterial communities were dominated by relatively few taxa, mostly belonging to phyla Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes...
April 13, 2022: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34982153/correction-rapid-maturation-of-the-muscle-biochemistry-that-supports-diving-in-pacific-walruses-odobenus-rosmarus-divergens
#38
Shawn R Noren, Chadwick V Jay, Jennifer M Burns, Anthony S Fischbach
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 1, 2022: Journal of Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34746957/subsurface-swimming-and-stationary-diving-are-metabolically-cheap-in-adult-pacific-walruses-odobenus-rosmarus-divergens
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alicia Borque-Espinosa, Karyn D Rode, Diana Ferrero-Fernández, Anabel Forte, Romana Capaccioni-Azzati, Andreas Fahlman
Walruses rely on sea-ice to efficiently forage and rest between diving bouts while maintaining proximity to prime foraging habitat. Recent declines in summer sea ice have resulted in walruses hauling out on land where they have to travel farther to access productive benthic habitat while potentially increasing energetic costs. Despite the need to better understand the impact of sea ice loss on energy expenditure, knowledge about metabolic demands of specific behaviours in walruses is scarce. In the present study, 3 adult female Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) housed in professional care participated in flow-through respirometry trials to measure metabolic rates while floating inactive at the water surface during a minimum of 5 min, during a 180 s stationary dive, and while swimming ∼90 m horizontally underwater...
December 1, 2021: Journal of Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34720377/new-migration-and-distribution-patterns-of-atlantic-walruses-odobenus-rosmarus-rosmarus-around-nunavik-qu%C3%A3-bec-canada-identified-using-inuit-knowledge
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura M Martinez-Levasseur, Chris M Furgal, Mike O Hammill, Dominique A Henri, Gary Burness
Environmental changes are affecting the Arctic at an unprecedented rate, but limited scientific knowledge exists on their impacts on species such as walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus ). Inuit Traditional and Local Ecological Knowledge (Inuit TEK/LEK) held by Inuit walrus harvesters could shed light on walrus ecology and related environmental changes. Our main objective was to study spatial and temporal changes in Atlantic walrus ( Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus ) distribution in Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada) using Inuit TEK/LEK...
2021: Polar Biology
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