PNL

Horseshoe kidney is the most prevalent congenital kidney fusion anomaly, affecting 0.25% of the general population and occurring in 1 in 400-1600 births. Approximately 40 percent of patients develop kidney stones due to anomalies. In our case, we aimed to perform combined laparoscopic pyelolithotomy with retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) instead of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in a patient with a horseshoe anomaly. This procedure enabled us to detect the location of the mobile stone with RIRS and then successfully extract it with laparoscopic pyelolithotomy...

PURPOSE: Investigation of how position affects postoperative pain levels and hospitalization in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) surgery. METHODS: Between August 2019 and December 2022, a total of 156 patients who underwent prone (pPNL) and supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (sPNL) due to kidney stones were included in the study. Demographic data, preoperative CT scans, laboratory results, transfusion rates, operation durations, complication rates, stone-free rates, analgesic use, nephrostomy removal time, hospitalization duration, fluoroscopy time, hemoglobin decrease and postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were evaluated for all patients...

Introduction Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the treatment of choice in children with complex and large stones. With the experience gained from adult practice, supine PNL is increasingly performed in children as well. We aimed to evaluate the comparative results of prone and supine mini-PNL (m-PNL) performed for large/complex stones in children. Patients and methods The study included children who underwent supine and prone m-PNL at two centers between September 2019-2022. Patients were divided into two groups with a 1:1 ratio to index supine m-PNL and prone m-PNL cases for the size, number, location of the stones, degree of hydronephrosis and age...

Light-sheet microscopy has made possible the 3D imaging of both fixed and live biological tissue, with samples as large as the entire mouse brain. However, segmentation and quantification of that data remains a time-consuming manual undertaking. Machine learning methods promise the possibility of automating this process. This study seeks to advance the performance of prior models through optimizing transfer learning. We fine-tuned the existing TrailMap model using expert-labeled data from noradrenergic axonal structures in the mouse brain...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the effect of prolonged time from diagnosis to treatment (TDT) on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). METHODS: This study included a total of 544 patients who underwent PNL in our clinic between November 2017 and November 2021. Clinicodemographical, radiological, and perioperative data of the patients were recorded. The stone-free rate as assessed by abdominal computed tomography at 3 months was estimated...

INTRODUCTION: One of the main trends in the evolution of endoscopic treatment of urolithiasis is the miniaturization of instruments. This is obvious in the development of minimally invasive percutaneous nephro-lithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). However, there are few studies comparing the efficiency and safety of these methods. AIM: To evaluate and compare the efficiency and safety of mini-PCNL, micro-PCNL and RIRS in the treatment of kidney stones up to 2 cm in size...

A fundamental idea for targeting glioblastoma cells is to exploit the neurotropic properties of Zika virus (ZIKV) through its two outer envelope proteins, prM and E. This study aimed to develop envelope glycoproteins for pseudotyping retroviral vectors that can be used for efficient tumor cell infection. Firstly, the retroviral vector pNL luc AM was packaged using wild-type ZIKV E to generate an E-HIV luc pseudotype. E-HIV luc infection rates for tumor cells were higher than those of normal prME pseudotyped particles and the traditionally used vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) pseudotypes, indicating that protein E alone was sufficient for the formation of infectious pseudotyped particles...

The occurrence of glucocorticoids (GCs) in agricultural soils has raised concerns due to their high polarity, widespread biological effects in vertebrates, and their potential to disrupt vital processes such as glucose metabolism and immune function. This study investigated the sorption and transport dynamics of three GCs, namely cortisone (COR), prednisolone (PNL), and triamcinolone acetonide (TCA) in five soil-water systems (S1-S5 systems). The sorption data of the GCs were fitted to a linear sorption model (R2  = 0...

PURPOSE: To compare different treatment approaches in patients with failed ureteral access sheath placement during first flexible ureterorenoscopy (f-URS) session. METHODS: Patients with kidney stones measuring 1-2 cm, presented to our urology clinic between September 2020 and September 2021, were included in the study for evaluation. The study was designed prospectively (Clinical-Trials number NCT05911945). Patients were randomized into two groups, in case of a failed ureteral access sheath placement during the first f-URS session...

OBJECTIVES: to compare between mini PNL and the standard PNL in management of renal stones (20-40 mm) regarding operative time, fluoroscopy time, blood loss, stone free rate, and postoperative complications. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective randomized comparative study was carried out on 93 patients divided into 2 groups: Group A included 44 patients who underwent standard PNL, whereas Group B included 49 patients who underwent mini PNL. RESULTS: Standard PNL showed shorter operative time yet longer hospitalization, nephrostomy and catheterization time...

The extent of nerve involvement in leprosy is highly variable in distribution and clinical presentation. Mononeuropathies, multiple mononeuropathies, and polyneuropathies can present both in the context of a cutaneous and/or systemic picture and in the form of pure neuritic leprosy (PNL). The differential diagnosis of leprosy neuropathy remains challenging because it is a very rare condition and, especially in Western countries, is often overlooked. We report one case of the polyneuropathic form of PNL (P-PNL) and one case of multiple mononeuropathy in paucibacillary leprosy...

The hydrogen molecule, which exists in two spin isomers (ortho- and parahydrogen), is a highly studied system due to its fundamental properties and practical applications. Parahydrogen is used for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance signal enhancement, which is hyperpolarization of other molecules, including biorelevant ones. Hyperpolarization can be achieved by using Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). SABRE can also convert parahydrogen into orthohydrogen, and surprisingly, in some cases, it has been discovered that orthohydrogen's resonance has the Partially Negative Line (PNL) pattern...

Dent's disease is a rare cause of hypercalciuria and recurring urolithiasis. Patients with this disease have elevated bone resorption due to the presence of parathormone (PTH) in the urine. We describe the case of a 21-year-old male with hypercalciuria, elevated bone resorption and recurring bilateral urolithiasis that achieves radiological and clinical stability with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and medical treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, potassium-citrate and phytate.

Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is a fast-spreading threat to organisms, especially in coastal environments, where night lighting is increasing due to constant anthropization. Considering that ALAN affects a large diversity of coastal organisms, finding efficient solutions to limit these effects is of great importance but poorly investigated. The potential benefit of one strategy, in particular, should be studied since its use is growing: part-night lighting (PNL), which consists in switching off the lights for a few hours during nighttime...

Drainage catheters are used almost routinely to provide urinary drainage, prevent extravasation of urine, and create tamponade against bleeding after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). In the literature, there is no standardized approach to determining which type of catheter is superior. In this context, we aimed to comparatively analyze two different types of catheters (re-entry malecot catheter and nelaton catheter) in terms of success and complications, which we use for drainage after a PNL operation and which have very different costs...

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) can be performed in a number of different positions. Our aim was to evaluate the convenience and advantages of the supine position following the transition from the prone to the supine position. 94 patients undergoing supine PNL (Group-1) and 93 patients undergoing prone PNL (Group-2) were retrospectively reviewed and included in the study. Patients who underwent mini-PNL (mPNL) were selected from Group-1 and Group-2 and divided into Group-1A supine mPNL patients (77) and Group-2A prone mPNL patients (53)...

BACKGROUND: Pseudoaneurysm (PA) with associated arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare delayed bleeding complication, occurring in less than 1% of patients after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Case presentation . A 54-year-old man underwent PNL on February 28, 2023, for a large renal calculus in the right kidney lower pole, with postoperative delayed bleeding: macroscopic hematuria and bladder clot retention after 3 weeks. An iatrogenic PA and AVF were diagnosed after the failure of conservative measures...

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the standard of care for removing large kidney stones (> 2 cm). Once the procedure is complete, different exiting strategies exist to manage the percutaneous tract opening, including placement of an external nephrostomy tube, placement of an internal ureteral stent, or no external or internal tube. The decision to place or not place a tube is handled differently among clinicians and may affect patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of tubeless PNL (with ureteral stenting), totally tubeless PNL (without ureteral stenting or nephrostomy), and standard PNL (nephrostomy only) for the treatment of kidney stones in adults...

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is the greatest deterrent to the use of cisplatin, which is a frequently used chemotherapeutic with proven effectiveness in cancer therapy. Agomelatine, which is used in the treatment of sleep disorders and depression, has gained attention in recent years with its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the effects of the synthetic melatonin agonist agomelatine on nephrotoxicity were investigated in a rat model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical methods...

The clinical benefits of targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in various cancers represent a strategy for the treatment of immunosuppressive diseases. Here, it was demonstrated that the expression levels of PD-L1 in cells were greatly upregulated in response to H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Overexpression of PD-L1 promoted viral replication and downregulated type-I and type-III interferons and interferon-stimulated genes. Moreover, the association between PD-L1 and Src homology region-2, containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2), during IAV/H1N1 infection was analyzed by employing the SHP2 inhibitor (SHP099), siSHP2, and pNL-SHP2...