Msn2

Living organisms on the surface biosphere are periodically yet consistently exposed to light. The adaptive or protective evolution caused by this source of energy has led to the biological systems present in a large variety of organisms, including fungi. Among fungi, yeasts have developed essential protective responses against the deleterious effects of light. Stress generated by light exposure is propagated through the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide and mediated by regulatory factors that are also involved in the response to other stressors...

Environmental information may be encoded in the temporal dynamics of transcription factor (TF) activation and subsequently decoded by gene promoters to enact stimulus-specific gene expression programs. Previous studies of this behavior focused on the encoding and decoding of information in TF nuclear localization dynamics, yet cells control the activity of TFs in myriad ways, including by regulating their ability to bind DNA. Here, we use light-controlled mutants of the yeast TF Msn2 as a model system to investigate how promoter decoding of TF localization dynamics is affected by changes in the ability of the TF to bind DNA...

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) direct transcription factors (TFs) towards selected genomic occurrences of their binding motif, as exemplified by budding yeast's Msn2. However, the sequence basis of IDR-directed TF binding selectivity remains unknown. To reveal this sequence grammar, we analyze the genomic localizations of >100 designed IDR mutants, each carrying up to 122 mutations within this 567-AA region. Our data points at multivalent interactions, carried by hydrophobic-mostly aliphatic-residues dispersed within a disordered environment and independent of linear sequence motifs, as the key determinants of Msn2 genomic localization...

Gentirigeoside B (GTS B) is a dammaren-type triterpenoid glycoside isolated from G. rigescens Franch, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. In the present study, the evaluation of the anti-aging effect and action mechanism analysis for this compound were conducted. GTS B significantly extended the replicative lifespan and chronological lifespan of yeast at doses of 1, 3 and 10 μM. Furthermore, the inhibition of Sch9 and activity increase of Rim15, Msn2 proteins which located downstream of TORC1 signaling pathway were observed after treatment with GTS B...

Stress defense and cell growth are inversely related in bulk culture analyses; however, these studies miss substantial cell-to-cell heterogeneity, thus obscuring true phenotypic relationships. Here, we devised a microfluidics system to characterize multiple phenotypes in single yeast cells over time before, during, and after salt stress. The system measured cell and colony size, growth rate, and cell-cycle phase along with nuclear trans-localization of two transcription factors: stress-activated Msn2 that regulates defense genes and Dot6 that represses ribosome biogenesis genes during an active stress response...

Quaternary transition metal cyanamides Na2 MSn2 (NCN)6 with M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni were prepared via solid-state metathesis reactions between Na2 Sn(NCN)3 and binary transition metal fluorides MF2 in a 2:1 molar ratio. All phases crystallize isotypically in [NiAs]-derived structures ( P3̅ 1 m ) with inter- and intra-layer cation ordering over the octahedral sites. This leads to a highly asymmetric coordination of the NCN2- anion, resulting in a strong degree of cyanamide character, which is confirmed via IR measurements...

The demand for the production of herbal extracts for cosmetics, food, and health supplements, known as plant-based medicine, is rising globally. Incorporating herbal extracts could help to create higher value products due to the functional properties of bioactive compounds. Because the phytochemical composition could vary depending on the processing methods, a simple bioassay of herbal bioactive compounds is an important screening method for the purposes of functional characterization and quality assurance...

Biomolecular condensates are self-organized, membraneless bodies involved in many critical cellular activities including ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis and gene transcription. Aliphatic alcohols are commonly used to study biomolecular condensates, but their effects on transcription are unclear. Here, we explore the impact of the aliphatic di-alcohol, 1,6-hexanediol, on Pol II transcription and nucleosome occupancy in budding yeast. As expected, 1,6-hexanediol, a reagent effective in disrupting biomolecular condensates, strongly suppressed the thermal stress-induced transcription of Heat Shock Factor 1 (Hsf1)-regulated genes that have previously been shown to physically interact and coalesce into intranuclear condensates...

Structural diversity of complex sphingolipids is important for maintenance of various cellular functions; however, the overall picture of the significance of this structural diversity remains largely unknown. To investigate the physiological importance of the structural diversity of complex sphingolipids, we here constructed a complex sphingolipid structural diversity disruption library in budding yeast, which comprises 11 mutants including with combinations of deletions of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzyme genes...

In diverse cells from bacterial to mammalian species, inorganic phosphate is stored in long chains called polyphosphate (polyP). These nearly universal polymers, ranging from three to thousands of phosphate moieties in length, are associated with molecular functions, including energy homeostasis, protein folding, and cell signaling. In many cell types, polyphosphate is concentrated in subcellular compartments or organelles. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, polyP synthesis by the membrane-bound <u>v</u>acuolar <u>t</u>ransporter <u>c</u>haperone (VTC) complex is coupled to its translocation into the lumen of the vacuole, a lysosome-like organelle, where it is stored at high concentrations...

Liamocins and Massoia lactone have many applications. In this study, the glucose-derepressed mutant Δcrea5 in which the CREA gene was removed could produce 36.5 g/L of liamocins. Furthermore, overexpression of the MSN2 gene in the mutant Δcrea5 made the transformant M60 produce 41.4 g/L of liamocins and further overexpression of the GAL1 gene in the transformant M60 rendered the transformant G40 to produce 49.5 ± 0.4 g/L of liamocins during the 10-L fermentation while their wild type strain 9-1 made only 26...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify genes related to freeze-thaw tolerance and elucidate the tolerance mechanism in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an appropriate eukaryote model. RESULTS: In this study, one tolerant strain exposed to freeze-thaw stress was isolated by screening a transposon-mediated mutant library and the disrupted gene was identified to be YCP4. In addition, this phenotype related to freeze-thaw tolerance was confirmed by deletion and overexpressing of this corresponding gene...

Purine auxotrophy is an abundant trait among eukaryotic parasites and a typical marker for many budding yeast strains. Supplementation with an additional purine source (such as adenine) is necessary to cultivate these strains. If not supplied in adequate amounts, purine starvation sets in. We explored purine starvation effects in a model organism, a budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae &nbsp; ade8 knockout, at the level of cellular morphology, central carbon metabolism, and global transcriptome. We observed that purine-starved cells stopped their cycle in G1/G0 state and accumulated trehalose, and the intracellular concentration of AXP decreased, but adenylate charge remained stable...

Acetic acid is a common inhibitor present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Development of acetic acid tolerant strains may improve the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals using lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials. Current studies on stress tolerance of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have mainly focused on transcription control, but the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) was rarely investigated. We found that some tRNA genes showed elevated transcription levels in a stress tolerant yeast strain. In this study, we further investigated the effects of overexpressing an arginine transfer RNA gene tR(ACG)D and a leucine transfer RNA gene tL(CAA)K on cell growth and ethanol production of S...

Ashbya gossypii is a filamentous fungus that is currently exploited for the industrial production of riboflavin. In addition, metabolically engineered strains of A. gossypii have also been described as valuable biocatalysts for the production of different metabolites such as folic acid, nucleosides, and biolipids. Hence, bioproduction in A. gossypii relies on the availability of well-performing gene expression systems both for endogenous and heterologous genes. In this regard, the identification of novel promoters, which are critical elements for gene expression, decisively helps to expand the A...

The growth pattern of filamentous fungi can switch between hyphal radial polar growth and non-polar yeast-like cell growth depending on the environmental conditions. Asexual conidiation after radial polar growth is called normal conidiation (NC), while yeast-like cell growth is called microcycle conidiation (MC). Previous research found that the disruption of MaH1 in Metarhizium acridum led to a conidiation shift from NC to MC. However, the regulation mechanism is not clear. Here, we found MaMsn2 , an Msn2 homologous gene in M...

Beauveria bassiana holds promise as a feasible biological control agent for tick control. The B. bassiana stress-response transcription factor Msn2 is known to contribute to fungal growth, conidiogenesis, stress-response and virulence towards insects; however, little is known concerning whether Msn2 is involved in infection across Arthropoda classes. We evaluated the effects of Msn2 on B. bassiana virulence against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari, Ixodidae) using wild-type, targeted gene knockout ( ΔBbmsn2 ) and complemented mutant ( ΔBbmsn2/Bbmsn2 ) strains...

In unicellular organisms like yeasts, which do not have specialized tissues for protection against environmental challenges, the presence of cellular mechanisms to respond and adapt to stress conditions is fundamental. In this work, we aimed to investigate the response to environmental light in Kluyveromyces lactis . Yeast lacks specialized light-sensing proteins; however, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been reported to respond to light by increasing hydrogen peroxide level and triggering nuclear translocation of Msn2...

Heterometallic clusters have attracted broad interests in the synthetic chemistry due to their various coordination modes and potential applications in heterogeneous catalysis. Here we report the synthesis, experimental, and theoretical characterizations of four ternary clusters ([M2 (CO)6 Sn2 Sb5 ]3- (M = Cr, Mo), and [(MSn2 Sb5 )2 ]4- , (M = Cu, Ag)) in the process of capturing the hypho- [Sn2 Sb5 ]3- in ethylenediamine (en) solution. We show that the coordination of the binary anion to transition-metal ions or fragments provides additional stabilization due to the formation of locally σ-aromatic units, producing a spherical aromatic shielding region in the cages...

Liamocins synthesized by Aureobasidium spp. are glycolipids composed of a single mannitol or arabitol headgroup linked to either three, four or even six 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic ester tail-groups. The highest titer of liamocin achieved was over 40.0 g/L. The substrates for liamocins synthesis include glucose, sucrose, xylose, mannitol, and others. The Pks1 is responsible for the biosynthesis of the tail-group 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid, both mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH) and mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (MPDH) catalyze the mannitol biosynthesis and the arabitol biosynthesis is controlled by arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH)...