IncHI2

Colistin, a last-line antimicrobial agent, is recommended for the treatment of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. However, reports on plasmid-mediated mobilized colistin resistance ( mcr ) genes have prompted the importance of routine colistin resistance surveillance. Herein, we report the emergence of Enterobacter cloacae CST17-2 and Raoultella ornithinolytica CST129-1 carrying an mcr-9.1 gene in vegetables from Japan. A total of 308 colistin-resistant isolates were retrieved from 200 fresh vegetables in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan...

The study examined the epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolated from migratory birds and surroundings in Qinghai Lake, China. We identified 69 (15.7%) CRE isolates from a total of 439 samples including 29 (6.6%) blaNDM-5 Escherichia coli and 40 (9.1%) blaKPC-2 Klebsiella pneumoniae. WGS analysis indicated that ST746, ST48, ST1011, and ST167 were the primary sequence types (ST) for blaNDM-5 E. coli, while all blaKPC-2  K. pneumoniae were ST11 and harbored numerous antibiotic resistance gene types including blaCTX-M , qnrS, and rmtB...

OBJECTIVES: This study reports the genomic characterization of the multidrug resistant Salmonella Newport strain 195_20 recovered from the diarrheic feces of a foal in Brazil and co-harboring the mcr-9, blaCMY-2 and qnrB19 antibiotic resistance genes. METHODS: Bacterial isolate positive for mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-9) was submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and broth microdilution for colistin and polymyxin B. The isolate was submitted to whole genome sequencing by Illumina technology and Nanopore Sequencing...

Salmonella enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- (Typhimurium monophasic variant) of sequence type (ST) 34 has emerged as the predominant pandemic genotype in recent decades. Despite increasing reports of resistance to antimicrobials in Southeast Asia, Salmonella ST34 population structure and evolution remained understudied in the region. Here we performed detailed genomic investigations on 454 ST34 genomes collected from Vietnam and diverse geographical sources to elucidate the pathogen's epidemiology, evolution and antimicrobial resistance...

Neomycin is the first-choice antibiotic for the treatment of porcine enteritis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli . Resistance to this aminoglycoside is on the rise after the increased use of neomycin due to the ban on zinc oxide. We identified the neomycin resistance determinants and plasmid contents in a historical collection of 128 neomycin-resistant clinical E. coli isolates from Danish pig farms. All isolates were characterized by whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, followed by conjugation experiments and long-read sequencing of eight selected representative strains...

European starlings are widespread migratory birds that have already been described as carrying bacteria resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC-R). These birds are well known in Tunisia because they spend the wintertime in this country and are hunted for human consumption. The goal of our study was to estimate the proportion of ESC-R in these birds and to characterize the collected isolates using whole-genome sequencing. Results showed that 21.5% (42/200) of the birds carried either an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or an acquired AmpC gene...

Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and carbapenems in Enterobacterales is a major issue in public health. Carbapenem resistance in particular is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Moreover, such resistance is often co-harbored with resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, and pathogens quickly become multi-drug-resistant (MDR). Only a few studies have been published on AMR in Libyan hospitals, but all reported worrisome results. Here, we studied 54 MDR isolates that were collected from 49 patients at the Tripoli University Hospital between 2019 and 2021...

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the temporal trends of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) clones in Taiwan from 2004 to 2019, focusing on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resistance genetic determinants, and plasmid types. METHODS: Salmonella isolates were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), whole-genome sequencing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clones were defined using PFGE clustering and the hierarchical cgMLST clustering (HierCC) assignments...

Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and a major cause of foodborne illnesses, posing a serious global public health hazard. The emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes in Salmonella has greatly reduced the clinical choice of salmonellosis treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasmid characteristics of mcr -positive Salmonella identified from patients in Sichuan, China during 2014 to 2017 by whole genomes sequencing. In this study, a total of 12 mcr -positive isolates (1...

Salmonella is a primary cause of foodborne diseases, and the increasing prevalence of mcr-1- carrying plasmids, which confer colistin resistance to Salmonella , poses significant global health concerns. As the frequency of occurrence of the mcr-1 gene is increasing globally, we studied the prevalence of mcr-1 in clinical Salmonella isolates by analyzing 195 clinical strains isolated in 2020. Of the 195 Salmonella isolates, 41 isolates were resistant to colistin. We found mcr-1 in two strains ( Salmonella Typhimurium ZJJX20006 and Salmonella Kentucky ZJJX20014), which we analyzed in detail via whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing...

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in domestic and imported meat and slaughter animals in the Czech Republic during 2020-2021 by using selective cultivation and direct PCR testing. A total of 111 colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates with mcr-1 gene were obtained from 65 (9.9%, n = 659) samples and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Isolates with mcr were frequently found in fresh meat from domestic production (14.2%) as well as from import (28...

BACKGROUND: Egypt has witnessed elevated incidence rates of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in intensive care units (ICUs). The treatment of these infections is becoming more challenging whilst colistin-carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is upsurging. Due to the insufficiently available data on the genomic features of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae in Egypt, it was important to fill in the gap and explore the genomic characteristics, as well as the antimicrobial resistance, the virulence determinants, and the molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in such a lethal pathogen...

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium has recently emerged worldwide as a producer of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs). However, such resistant clinical isolates are still rare in Japan. The common types of ESBLs found are the CTX-M type β-lactamases, including novel ones such as CTX-M-64. CTX-M-64 has a chimeric structure that is a combination of the CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-9 groups. In 2017, S. Typhimurium was isolated from cultures of stool, blood, and urine of an 82-year-old man...

Salmonella Isangi is an infrequent serovar that has recently been reported in several countries due to nosocomial infections. A considerable number of reports indicate Salmonella Isangi multidrug resistance, especially to cephalosporins, which could potentially pose a risk to public health worldwide. Genomic analysis is an excellent tool for monitoring the emergence of microorganisms and related factors. In this context, the aim of this study was to carry out a genomic analysis of Salmonella Isangi isolated from poultry in Brazil, and to compare it with the available genomes from the Pathogen Detection database and Sequence Read Archive...

Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major foodborne pathogen causing from acute gastroenteritis to bacteremia, particularly in pediatric and elderly patients. Antimicrobial resistance of NTS, especially resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, has emerged over the past decades. Thirteen NTS isolates resistant to ceftriaxone or cefotaxime were collected from a teaching hospital in Taipei, and another three from a tertiary hospital, in New Taipei City, Taiwan, from September 2018 to December 2019. Ten other archived isolates from 2000 to 2017 were also obtained...

We sequenced all nonduplicate 934 VIM/IMP carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) reported in Poland during 2006-2019 and found ≈40% of the isolates (n = 375) were Enterobacter spp. During the study period, incidence of those bacteria gradually grew in nearly the entire country. The major factor affecting the increase was clonal spread of several E. hormaechei lineages responsible for multiregional and interregional outbreaks (≈64% of all isolates), representing mainly the pandemic sequence type (ST) 90 or the internationally rare ST89 and ST121 clones...

Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-, a monophasic variant of S . Typhimurium, has become a global serovar causing animal and human infections since its first emergence in the late 1980's. Several previous studies showed the increasing prevalence of S . 4,[5],12:i:- in China, most of which were from swine with multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles. However, the molecular characteristic and evolution of S . 4,[5],12:i:- in the same swine farm are still unknown. In this study, a total of 54 S. enterica strains were isolated from different fattening pigs aged 1, 3, and 6 months, most of which belonged to S ...

OBJECTIVES: The emergence and spread of colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae pose a serious threat to human and animal health. This work aimed to characterize the genetic features of antimicrobial resistance of a carbapenem and colistin resistant Enterobacter kobei SCLZS19 from hospital sewage by using whole genome sequencing. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by using the disk diffusion method. Whole genome sequencing of SCLZS19 was carried out on the HiSeq 2000 combined with PacBio RSII platforms...

OBJECTIVE: We isolated a strain of Enterobacter hormaechei, ECC2783, coharbouring blaNDM-1 , blaKPC-2 and mcr-9 plasmids in bloodstream infection and investigated its biological features. METHODS: The presence of carbapenemase genes and mcr-9 was comfirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Whole genome sequencing and genomic analysis were performed on ECC2783. Conjugation and stability of plasmids carrying the carbapenemase gene experiments were performed...

Salmonella enterica SE20-C72-2 and Escherichia coli EC20-C72-1 were isolated from the edible fish Anabas testudineus in Vietnam. The chromosomes and plasmids from both strains were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. Plasmids approximately 250 kbp long, encoding bla CTX-M-55 and mcr-1.1 , were detected in both strains.