parotid cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that the mean dose to the parotid gland stem cell rich regions (Dmean,SCR ) is the strongest dosimetric predictor for the risk of patient-reported daytime xerostomia. This study aimed to test whether the relationship between patient-reported xerostomia and Dmean,SCR is explained by a dose-dependent reduction of saliva production. MATERIAL/METHODS: In 570 head and neck cancer patients treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT), flow from the parotid (FLOWPAR ) and submandibular/sublingual glands (FLOWSMSL ) and patient-reported daytime (XERDAY ) and nighttime xerostomia (XERNIGHT ) were prospectively measured before, and at 6 and 12 months after RT...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland (pSCCP) has long been recognized as a separate entity and is included in the WHO classifications of salivary gland tumors. However, it is widely accepted among head and neck pathologists that pSCCP is exceptionally rare. Yet, there are many publications describing series of pSCCP and data from SEER and other cancer register databases indicate erroneously an increasing incidence of pSCCP. Importantly, pSCCP and metastatic (secondary) squamous cell carcinoma to the parotid gland (mSCCP) have nearly identical histological features, and the diagnosis of pSCCP should only be made after the exclusion of mSCCP...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates various craniospinal irradiation (CSI) techniques used in Turkish centers to understand their advantages, disadvantages and overall effectiveness, with a focus on enhancing dose distribution. METHODS: Anonymized CT scans of adult and pediatric patients, alongside target volumes and organ-at-risk (OAR) structures, were shared with 25 local radiotherapy centers. They were tasked to develop optimal treatment plans delivering 36 Gy in 20 fractions with 95% PTV coverage, while minimizing OAR exposure...

Objective: Facial nerve paralysis due to parotid carcinoma is sometimes misdiagnosed as Bell's palsy. This study aimed to compare patients with parotid carcinoma with and without accompanying facial nerve paralysis and to capture the features of patients misdiagnosed with Bell's palsy. Methods: Among 209 patients, 42 (20%) had facial nerve paralysis. Of these 42 patients, 14 had received treatment for facial nerve paralysis without being diagnosed with parotid carcinoma (pretreatment group); the remaining 28 patients had not received any pretreatment and were diagnosed with parotid carcinoma at the initial visit to our hospital (no pretreatment group)...

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are proposed as a new xerostomia treatment. The study evaluated the long-term safety and effectiveness of allogeneic ASCs in radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with previous oropharyngeal cancer. METHODS: This study constitutes 3-year follow-up on the original 10 patients who received allogeneic ASCs injections to the submandibular and parotid glands as part of the MESRIX-II trial. The MESRIX-II trial included the preliminary 4-month follow-up...

BACKGROUND: The utility of Adaptive Radiotherapy (ART) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) remains to be ascertained. While multiple retrospective and single-arm prospective studies have demonstrated its efficacy in decreasing parotid doses and reducing xerostomia, adequate randomized evidence is lacking. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: ReSTART (Reducing Salivary Toxicity with Adaptive Radiotherapy) is an ongoing phase III randomized trial of patients with previously untreated, locally advanced HNSCC of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx...

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the efficacy of lower dose pilocarpine in alleviating late dry mouth symptoms in head and neck cancer patients received radiotherapy. METHODS: Eighteen head and neck cancer patients experiencing persistent dry mouth were enrolled in this study. All participants started pilocarpine treatment a median of 6 months post-radiotherapy. Initially, patients received pilocarpine at 5 mg/day, with a gradual increase to the recommended dose of 15 mg/day...

OBJECTIVES: Salivary gland injury is one of the most common complications of radiotherapy in head-and-neck cancers. This study investigated the mechanism by which rapamycin prevents irradiation (IR)-induced injury in the parotid glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Miniature pigs either received (a) no treatment (NT), (b) IR in the right parotid gland for 5 consecutive days (IR), or intraperitoneal administration of rapamycin (Rap) 1 h prior to IR (IR + Rap)...

PURPOSE: To establish typical clinical and radiological profiles of primary low-grade parotid cancers in order to tailor therapeutic strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 57 patients operated on for primary parotid cancer between 2010 and 2021, with review of preoperative MRI and histopathology according to a standardized scoring grid. OBJECTIVE: To study prognostic factors and determine the preoperative clinical and radiological profile of low-grade cancers...

Parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma (P-MEC) is a significant histopathological subtype of salivary gland cancer with inherent heterogeneity and complexity. Existing clinical models inadequately offer personalized treatment options for patients. In response, we assessed the efficacy of four machine learning algorithms vis-à-vis traditional analysis in forecasting the overall survival (OS) of P-MEC patients. Using the SEER database, we analyzed data from 882 postoperative P-MEC patients (stages I-IVA). Single-factor Cox regression and four machine learning techniques (random forest, LASSO, XGBoost, best subset regression) were employed for variable selection...

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide with around 600000 new diagnosis each year. Nowadays, in locally advanced disease, radiotherapy (RT) play an important role, this with or without chemotherapy in organ preservation strategies. More specific for early stage localized disease, RT (or surgery) seems to give similar results on locoregional control (LRC) and choice is made according to the organ preservation issue...

MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas are low-grade extra-nodal B-cell lymphomas that may involve various sites in the head and neck including the thyroid, salivary, and lacrimal glands. Development of MALT lymphoma in the head and neck is often associated with auto-immune diseases such as Sjögren syndrome or Hashimoto thyroiditis. Here, we report a case of a MALT lymphoma of the left buucal mucosa that likely arose in the parotid gland. The patient was successfully treated with surgical excision with chemotherapy and remained disease-free at the 10-year follow-up...

PURPOSE: The head and neck cancer (HNC) literature is rife with reports of differences in planned versus actual radiation doses to the parotid gland (PG) due to changes in anatomy during the course of radiation therapy. We prospectively studied and quantified changes in planned and delivered doses due to weight loss and changes in lateral neck dimensions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty patients were enrolled in this prospective non-randomized observational study. The inclusion criterion was having a newly diagnosed, histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of HNC...

PURPOSE: To assess the interobserver delineation variability of radiomic features of the parotid gland from computed tomography (CT) images and evaluate the correlation of these features for head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast-enhanced CT images of 20 HNC patients were utilized. The parotid glands were delineated by treating radiation oncologists (ROs), a selected RO and AccuContour auto-segmentation software. Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) between each pair of observers were calculated...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to ascertain the diagnostic efficacy of routine 68 Ga-PSMA imaging conducted 1 h post-injection, in conjunction with delayed imaging performed 3 h post-injection, for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. METHODS: A retrospective assessment was undertaken on 44 prostate cancer patients who had undergone both routine and delayed 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT scans. Variations in SUVmax and SUVmean values in normal organs, primary prostate cancer sites, metastatic sites, and benign lesions were analyzed...

Salivary duct carcinomas (SDC) of the parotid gland are rarely occurring highly malignant tumors. A 65-year-old man presented with a preauricular mass. After surgical treatment and histologic examination, the findings were interpreted as a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastasis of the parotid gland deriving from a cancer of unknown primary DD primary SCC of the parotid gland. Adjuvant platinum-based radiochemotherapy was administered in domo. However, re-staging revealed multiple size-progressive pulmonary round lesions...

BACKGROUND: Salivary duct carcinomas (SDC) are a rare and aggressive subtype of salivary gland neoplasm. They can present with distinct immunoprofiles, such as androgen receptor (AR) and HER-2/Neu-positivity. To date, no consensus exists on how to best manage this entity. METHODS: All patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic AR+ SDC of the parotid from 2013 to 2019 treated with curative intent were included. Immunologic tumor profiling was conducted using 24 distinct markers...

The delineation of parotid glands in head and neck (HN) carcinoma is critical to assess radiotherapy (RT) planning. Segmentation processes ensure precise target position and treatment precision, facilitate monitoring of anatomical changes, enable plan adaptation, and enhance overall patient safety. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) have proven exceedingly effective in precisely outlining tumor tissues and, by extension, the organs at risk. This paper introduces a DL framework using the AttentionUNet neural network for automatic parotid gland segmentation in HN cancer...

BACKGROUND: The number of unexpected focal [18F]FDG-avid findings (incidentalomas) within the parotid gland (PGI) continues to increase with the expanding use of PET/CT scanning. The prevalence of malignancy in PGIs is uncertain and appropriate management is unsettled. AIMS: We aimed to explore the underlying pathologies associated with PGI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients with parotid gland incidentaloma(s) treated at the Ear-Nose-Throat Department, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark in the period 2012-2021, was performed...

OBJECTIVE: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive salivary gland malignancy. Herein, we present the largest single-institution review of SDC to date. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of all histologically confirmed cases of SDC seen at our institution from January 1, 2002, to August 1, 2022. Patient demographics, treatment, histological characteristics, tumor staging, and outcomes were extracted from the electronic medical record. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were performed...