Cognitive impairment

While chronic stress induces learning and memory impairments, acute stress may facilitate or prevent memory consolidation depending on whether it occurs during the learning event or before it, respectively. On the other hand, it has been shown that histone acetylation regulates long-term memory formation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two inhibitors of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), 4-phenylbutyrate (PB) and IN14 (100 mg/kg/day, ip for 2 days), on memory performance in mice exposed to a single 15-min forced swimming stress session...

Thailand entered an aged society phase in 2000, with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and frailty becoming prevalent among the older adult population. However, no studies have yet examined these issues specifically within rural communities. This study aims to explore the relationship between frailty and MCI among older adults in rural Thailand. It was a cross-sectional study conducted between December 2022 and June 2023. A questionnaire was administered by trained village health volunteers. The survey targeted older adults aged 60 years and above, residing in rural Chiang Mai, Thailand, with those having a history of dementia, depression, and brain injury being excluded from participation...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive function, including moral decision-making abilities, can be impaired by sleep loss. Blue-enriched light interventions have been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairment during night work. This study investigated whether the quality of moral decision-making during simulated night work differed for night work in blue-enriched white light, compared to warm white light. METHODS: Using a counterbalanced crossover design, three consecutive night shifts were performed in blue-enriched white light (7000 K) and warm white light (2500 K) provided by ceiling-mounted LED luminaires (photopic illuminance: ∼200 lx)...

The identification of EEG biomarkers to discriminate Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) conditions is a complex task which requires great clinical effort and expertise. We exploit the self-attention component of the Transformer architecture to obtain physiological explanations of the model's decisions in the discrimination of 56 SCD and 45 MCI patients using resting-state EEG. Specifically, an interpretability workflow leveraging attention scores and time-frequency analysis of EEG epochs through Continuous Wavelet Transform is proposed...

The belief that aging-related cognitive decline is inevitable is associated with impaired cognitive performance of older adults. Little is, however, known about the association between changes in essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging and mental health in the long term and among both younger and older adults. From a theoretical perspective, it would be expected that changes in essentialist beliefs about cognitive aging predict changes in mental health among older adults compared to younger adults. These differential associations have not yet been prospectively investigated...

Neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the hippocampus of the brain, and many environmental toxicants inhibit neural stem cell (NSC) function and neuronal generation. Bisphenol-A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter used for surface coating of plastic products causes injury in the developing and adult brain; thus, many countries have banned its usage in plastic consumer products. BPA analogs/alternatives such as bisphenol-F (BPF) and bisphenol-S (BPS) may also cause neurotoxicity; however, their effects on neurogenesis are still not known...

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological disorder that severely damages the brain and causes cognitive impairment. MicroRNAs are critical regulators in a variety of neurological diseases. MiR-497-5p has been found to be downregulated in the aneurysm vessel walls obtained from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but its functions and mechanisms in SAH have not been reported. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of miR-497-5p and its related mechanisms in SAH. We established an in vitro SAH model by exposing PC12 cells to oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb)...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, APOE4 carriers may exhibit sleep disturbances, but conflicting results have been reported, such that there is no clear consensus regarding which aspects of sleep are impacted. Our objective was to compare objective sleep architecture between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers, and to investigate the modulating impact of age, sex, cognitive status and obstructive sleep apnea...

BACKGROUND: There is a significant contribution of genetic factors to the etiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Unaffected first-degree relatives of patients (UR) with BD are at increased risk of developing mental disorders and may manifest cognitive impairments and alterations in brain functional and connective dynamics, akin to their affected relatives. METHODS: In this prospective longitudinal study, resting-state functional connectivity was used to explore stable and progressive markers of vulnerability i...

BACKGROUND: Self-awareness impairment is common following acquired brain injury and can impact rehabilitation outcomes. Knowledge of factors associated with impaired self-awareness may assist with rehabilitation planning. OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with self-awareness and determine predictors of self-awareness impairment for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of rehabilitation inpatients was conducted by medical record audit...

INTRODUCTION: Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) are at risk for poor therapeutic engagement due to cognitive impairment, affect lability, pain, and fatigue. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has the potential to improve patient engagement in rehabilitation therapies; however, the feasibility of integrating AAT into the rigorous therapy schedule of inpatient clinical care or its reception by patients, families, and staff is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating dogs into physical therapy and occupational therapy sessions with pediatric patients being treated on an inpatient rehabilitation unit for acquired brain injury...

INTRODUCTION: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is involved in regulating integrative brain function and synaptic transmission. Aberrant mGluR5 signaling and relevant synaptic failure play a key role in the pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Ten cognitively impaired (CI) individuals and 10 healthy controls (HCs) underwent [18 F]SynVesT-1 and [18 F]PSS232 positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance to assess synaptic density and mGluR5 availability...

Background : Chronic inflammatory stimulation is a major risk factor for mild cognitive impairment. Mushroom consumption and inflammatory factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, consuming mushrooms can reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines and preserve cognitive function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between mushroom consumption and serum inflammatory cytokines and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods : Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between mushroom consumption and MCI in 550 participants...

BACKGROUND: Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a group of congenital disorders characterized by structural abnormalities in the brain cortex. The clinical manifestations include refractory epilepsy, mental retardation, and cognitive impairment. Genetic factors play a key role in the etiology of MCD. Currently, there is no curative treatment for MCD. Phenotypes such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy cannot be observed in the fetus. Therefore, the diagnosis of MCD is typically based on fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, or genetic testing...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its prevalence increases with progressive loss of kidney function. MCI is characterized by a decline in cognitive performance greater than expected for an individual age and education level but with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living. Deterioration can affect one or several cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive functions, language, and perceptual motor or social cognition). Given the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, more and more people with CKD will also develop MCI causing an enormous disease burden for these individuals, their relatives and society...

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) affecting the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) represents a unique clinical challenge, necessitating a multifaceted approach to rehabilitation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of physiotherapeutic interventions tailored specifically for individuals with AIS involving the PCA territory. The PCA supplies critical areas of the brain responsible for visual processing, memory, and sensory integration. Consequently, patients with PCA infarcts often exhibit a distinct set of neurological deficits, including visual field disturbances, cognitive impairments, and sensory abnormalities...

SUMMARY: We found LLM, traditional machine learning, and deep learning had diverse error profiles on cognitive decline identification from clinical notes, and the ensemble of LLM, machine learning, and deep learning achieved state of the art performance. BACKGROUND: Early detection of cognitive decline in elderly individuals facilitates clinical trial enrollment and timely medical interventions. This study aims to apply, evaluate, and compare advanced natural language processing techniques for identifying signs of cognitive decline in clinical notes...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship between sleep quality (self-report and objective) and cognitive function across three domains (executive function, verbal memory, and attention) in older adults. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 207 participants with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (89 males and 118 females) aged over 60. The relationship between sleep quality and cognitive performance was estimated using generalized additive models...

This is a case report of one patient experiencing psychotic symptoms in the setting of Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). Case description is included, and patient has been deidentified. Patient's consent could not be obtained for the submission of the report. The case report focuses on understanding and formulating key psychological issues addressed in this case. It is important to identify that the absence of psychotic illness is classical in patients presenting with psychotic symptoms in CBS and the role of antipsychotic medication is uncertain...

PURPOSE: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depressive disorder (DD), which are associated with unhealthy lifestyles, are prevalent worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on cognitive function, depression, and the regulatory role of neurotrophic growth factors for providing scientific basis in preventing MCI and DD in healthy individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty members of the fitness center and 80 community residents were recruited, who were administered by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)...