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Keywords Multiple sclerosis, immunopath...

Multiple sclerosis, immunopathogenesis

https://read.qxmd.com/read/36359367/multiple-sclerosis-and-men2-neoplasia-in-a-female-patient-a-unique-co-existence-with-expanded-immunological-interest-and-therapeutical-challenges-before-and-after-patient-s-covid-19-infection
#21
Nikolaos Markoglou, George Simeakis, Maria Alevizaki, Georgios Velonakis, Theofanis Chatzistamatiou, Maria Spyropoulou-Vlachou, Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas, Leonidas Stefanis, Maria Anagnostouli
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its various comorbidities that may be observed are of great interest due to the complexity of MS pathophysiology and all of the immunological changes that follow. The incidence of cancer in MS has been investigated for several years, as not only does it affect ongoing therapeutical decisions, but also, certain disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) may increase the risk of tumorigenesis. For the first time, we present a case of a female patient with pediatric-onset MS (POMS) and multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (MEN2B) and analyze the immunological impact of these diseases on the therapeutical choice, under the umbrella of her COVID-19 infection and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as a whole...
November 8, 2022: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36325491/epstein-barr-virus-infection-b-cell-dysfunction-and-other-risk-factors-converge-in-gut-associated-lymphoid-tissue-to-drive-the-immunopathogenesis-of-multiple-sclerosis-a%C3%A2-hypothesis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonatan Leffler, Stephanie Trend, Prue H Hart, Martyn A French
Multiple sclerosis is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, B-cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and environmental and genetic risk factors, including female sex. A disease model incorporating all these factors remains elusive. Here, we hypothesise that EBV-infected memory B cells (MBCs) migrate to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) through EBV-induced expression of LPAM-1, where they are subsequently activated by gut microbes and/or their products resulting in EBV reactivation and compartmentalised anti-EBV immune responses...
2022: Clinical & Translational Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36275700/epstein-barr-virus-interleukin-10-and-multiple-sclerosis-a-m%C3%A3-nage-%C3%A3-trois
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Günther Schönrich, Mohammed O Abdelaziz, Martin J Raftery
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by inflammation and demyelination of nerve cells. There is strong evidence that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus infecting B cells, greatly increases the risk of subsequent MS. Intriguingly, EBV not only induces human interleukin-10 but also encodes a homologue of this molecule, which is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine of the immune system. Although EBV-encoded IL-10 (ebvIL-10) has a high amino acid identity with its cellular counterpart (cIL-10), it shows more restricted and partially weaker functionality...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36247502/comprehensive-assessment-of-multiple-sclerosis-from-immunotherapy-and-immunopathogenesis-to-predictive-biomarkers
#24
REVIEW
Soheil Vazifedoust, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Mostafa Khafaei, Fateme Azemati, Bahman Jalali Kondori
Background & Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes individuals to experience a variety of cognitive and physical problems. As proven by two decades of clinical experience with immunomodulatory therapies for MS, the disease progresses and relapses through several immunological pathways. New medicines aimed at remyelination and neurodegeneration are being developed; however, they need stronger evidence before being introduced into routine clinical care...
2022: Iranian Journal of Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36038203/sex-and-gender-differences-in-autoimmune-demyelinating-cns-disorders-multiple-sclerosis-ms-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder-nmosd-and-myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody-associated-disorder-mogad
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lara Diem, Helly Hammer, Robert Hoepner, Max Pistor, Jana Remlinger, Anke Salmen
Multiple sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and Myelin-Oligodendrocyte-Glycoprotein antibody associated disorder (MOGAD) are demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) of autoimmune origin. Here, we summarize general considerations on sex-specific differences in the immunopathogenesis and hormonal influences as well as key clinical and epidemiological elements. Gender-specific issues are widely neglected starting with the lacking separation of sex as a biological variable and gender comprising the sociocultural components...
2022: International Review of Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35967312/multidimensional-overview-of-neurofilament-light-chain-contribution-to-comprehensively-understanding-multiple-sclerosis
#26
REVIEW
Rodolfo A Kölliker Frers, Matilde Otero-Losada, Tamara Kobiec, Lucas D Udovin, María Laura Aon Bertolino, María I Herrera, Francisco Capani
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination, progressive axonal loss, and varying clinical presentations. Axonal damage associated with the inflammatory process causes neurofilaments, the major neuron structural proteins, to be released into the extracellular space, reaching the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the peripheral blood. Methodological advances in neurofilaments' serological detection and imaging technology, along with many clinical and therapeutic studies in the last years, have deepened our understanding of MS immunopathogenesis...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35945456/gut-immune-cell-trafficking-inter-organ-communication-and-immune-mediated-inflammation
#27
REVIEW
Sebastian Zundler, Claudia Günther, Andreas E Kremer, Mario M Zaiss, Veit Rothhammer, Markus F Neurath
Immune cell trafficking is a complex and tightly regulated process that is indispensable for the body's fight against pathogens. However, it is also increasingly acknowledged that dysregulation of cell trafficking contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) in gastroenterology and hepatology, such as inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Moreover, altered cell trafficking has also been implicated as a crucial step in the immunopathogenesis of other IMIDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis...
January 2023: Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35902536/therapeutic-effect-of-il-21-blockage-by-gene-therapy-in-experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ángel Edo, Laura Calvo-Barreiro, Herena Eixarch, Assumpció Bosch, Miguel Chillón, Carmen Espejo
The pathogenic role of the interleukin 21 (IL-21) in different autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), has been extensively studied. However, its pleiotropic nature makes it a cytokine that may exhibit different activity depending on the immunological stage of the disease. In this study, we developed a gene therapy strategy to block the interaction between IL-21 and its receptor (IL-21R) by using adeno-associated vectors (AAV) encoding a new soluble cytokine receptor (sIL21R) protein. We tested this strategy in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), obtaining different clinical effects depending on the time at which the treatment was applied...
July 28, 2022: Neurotherapeutics: the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35893382/relevance-of-pathogenetic-mechanisms-to-clinical-effectiveness-of-b-cell-depleting-monoclonal-antibodies-in-multiple-sclerosis
#29
REVIEW
Luca Massacesi, Alice Mariottini, Ferdinando Nicoletti
Evidence of the effectiveness of B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) prompted a partial revisitation of the pathogenetic paradigm of the disease, which was, so far, considered a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disorder. Mechanisms underlying the efficacy of B-cell-depleting mAbs in MS are still unknown. However, they likely involve the impairment of pleiotropic B-cell functions different from antibody secretion, such as their role as antigen-presenting cells during both the primary immune response in the periphery and the secondary response within the central nervous system (CNS)...
July 23, 2022: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35794296/what-have-failed-interrupted-and-withdrawn-antibody-therapies-in-multiple-sclerosis-taught-us
#30
REVIEW
Julia Krämer, Heinz Wiendl
In the past two decades, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, a remarkable number of mAbs failed due to negative study results were withdrawn because of unexpected serious adverse events (SAEs) or due to studies being halted for other reasons. While trials with positive outcomes are usually published in prestigious journals, negative trials are merely published as abstracts or not at all. This review summarizes MS mAbs that have either failed in phase II-III trials, have been interrupted for various reasons, or withdrawn from the market since 2015...
April 2022: Neurotherapeutics: the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35729473/the-alterations-of-cerebrospinal-fluid-tnf-alpha-and-tgf-beta2-levels-in-early-relapsing-remitting-multiple-sclerosis
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomasz Grzegorski, Piotr Iwanowski, Wojciech Kozubski, Jacek Losy
AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to analyze serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by T regulatory (Treg) cells in early RRMS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria. CLINICAL RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the cytokine network playing an important role. However, there is a continual lack of data regarding the immunopathogenesis of early RRMS, especially according to the 2017 McDonald criteria...
June 21, 2022: Immunologic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35668103/thinking-outside-the-box-non-canonical-targets-in-multiple-sclerosis
#32
REVIEW
Laura Bierhansl, Hans-Peter Hartung, Orhan Aktas, Tobias Ruck, Michael Roden, Sven G Meuth
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that causes demyelination, axonal degeneration and astrogliosis, resulting in progressive neurological disability. Fuelled by an evolving understanding of MS immunopathogenesis, the range of available immunotherapies for clinical use has expanded over the past two decades. However, MS remains an incurable disease and even targeted immunotherapies often fail to control insidious disease progression, indicating the need for new and exceptional therapeutic options beyond the established immunological landscape...
August 2022: Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35621102/-genome-wide-analysis-of-dna-methylation-in-cd4-t-lymphocytes-of-patients-with-primary-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-indicates-involvement-of-this-epigenetic-process-in-the-disease-immunopathogenesis
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
I S Kiselev, O G Kulakova, L V Danilova, O A Baturina, M R Kabilov, E V Popova, A N Boyko, O O Favorova
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic disease of the CNS, includes autoimmune and neurodegenerative components. In most cases, patients develop relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), while 10-15% of patients develop primary progressive MS (PPMS), which differs from RRMS in the mechanisms of the pathological process, some demographic, and some clinical characteristics. These differences may be explained by the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in PPMS including DNA methylation as one of the key epigenetic processes...
May 2022: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35594634/hla-genotyping-by-next-generation-sequencing-reveals-shared-and-unique-hla-alleles-in-two-patients-with-coexisting-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder-and-thymectomized-myasthenia-gravis-immunological-implications-for-mutual-aetiopathogenesis
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aigli Vakrakou, Theofanis Chatzistamatiou, Christos Koros, Dimitris Karathanasis, Vasileios Tentolouris-Piperas, Dimitrios Tzanetakos, Panos Stathopoulos, Georgios Koutsis, Maria Spyropoulou-Vlachou, Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos, Leonidas Stefanis, Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas, Maria Anagnostouli
The exact immunopathogenesis, genetic mechanisms and triggering factors underlying myasthenia gravis (MG) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) remain unknown and the coexistence may underline an aetiopathogenetic link be- tween these two diseases. We report the cases of two thymectomized patients with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody (Ab)-positive MG who eventually developed AQP4-NMO. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis showed that patient-1 had two HLA alleles previously associated with MG, mainly HLA-A*01:01:01 and HLA-DRB1*03:01, present in a haplotype in Caucasian MG patients (HLA-A1-B8-DR3-DQ2)...
July 2022: Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35467295/immune-cell-contributors-to-the-female-sex-bias-in-multiple-sclerosis-and-experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nuria Alvarez-Sanchez, Shannon E Dunn
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to axonal damage and accumulation of disability. Relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) is the most frequent presentation of MS and this form of MS is three times more prevalent in females than in males. This female bias in MS is apparent only after puberty, suggesting a role for sex hormones in this regulation; however, very little is known of the biological mechanisms that underpin the sex difference in MS onset...
April 26, 2022: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35142671/is-there-a-window-of-opportunity-for-the-therapeutic-use-of-vitamin-d-in-multiple-sclerosis
#36
REVIEW
Sofia Fernanda Goncalves Zorzella-Pezavento, Luiza Ayumi Nishiyama Mimura, Marina Bonifácio Denadai, William Danilo Fernandes de Souza, Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva, Alexandrina Sartori
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune treatable but not curable disease. There are a multiplicity of medications for multiple sclerosis therapy, including a class entitled disease-modifying drugs that are mainly indicated to reduce the number and severity of disease relapses. Not all patients respond well to these therapies, and minor to severe adverse effects have been reported. Vitamin D, called sunshine vitamin, is being studied as a possible light at the end of the tunnel. In this review, we recapitulated the similar immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective potential of vitamin D and the state-of-art concerning its supplementation to multiple sclerosis patients...
September 2022: Neural Regeneration Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34899003/optic-nerve-demyelination-in-igg4-anti-neurofascin-155-antibody-positive-combined-central-and-peripheral-demyelination-syndrome
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alice Verghese, Dhayalan Krishnan, Yuen Kang Chia, Luis Querol, Fu Liong Hiew
Optic nerve demyelination is one of the clinical features of combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD), an entity with heterogenous immunopathogenesis and clinical characteristics, overlapping between multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Of interest, earlier studies among patients with CIDP prior to discovery of antibodies against paranodal protein neurofascin 155 (anti-NF 155) also reported optic nerve dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate optic nerve demyelination among anti-NF 155 CIDP patients...
2021: Journal of Central Nervous System Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34863654/the-role-of-il-17-and-anti-il-17-agents-in-the-immunopathogenesis-and-management-of-autoimmune-and-inflammatory-diseases
#38
REVIEW
S P Déo-Gracias Berry, Camille Dossou, Ali Kashif, Niusha Sharifinejad, Gholamreza Azizi, Haleh Hamedifar, Araz Sabzvari, Zeineb Zian
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in chronic inflammation occurring during the pathogenesis of allergy, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and psoriasis. IL-17 is produced by multiple cell types of adaptive and innate immunity, including T helper 17 cells, CD8 + T cells, γδ T cells, natural killer T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting IL-17 and/or IL-17R would be a potential approach to study this therapeutic tool for these diseases...
January 2022: International Immunopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34305896/the-cd8-t-cell-epstein-barr-virus-b-cell-trialogue-a-central-issue-in-multiple-sclerosis-pathogenesis
#39
REVIEW
Caterina Veroni, Francesca Aloisi
The cause and the pathogenic mechanisms leading to multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), are still under scrutiny. During the last decade, awareness has increased that multiple genetic and environmental factors act in concert to modulate MS risk. Likewise, the landscape of cells of the adaptive immune system that are believed to play a role in MS immunopathogenesis has expanded by including not only CD4 T helper cells but also cytotoxic CD8 T cells and B cells...
2021: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34298940/new-insights-into-multiple-sclerosis-mechanisms-lipids-on-the-track-to-control-inflammation-and-neurodegeneration
#40
REVIEW
Maria Podbielska, Joan O'Keeffe, Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease with complex pathogenesis, including two main processes: immune-mediated inflammatory demyelination and progressive degeneration with axonal loss. Despite recent progress in our understanding and management of MS, availability of sensitive and specific biomarkers for these both processes, as well as neuroprotective therapeutic options targeted at progressive phase of disease, are still being sought. Given their abundance in the myelin sheath, lipids are believed to play a central role in underlying immunopathogenesis in MS and seem to be a promising subject of investigation in this field...
July 7, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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