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JOURNAL ARTICLE
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Embryonic diapause can be induced by nutrient deprivation, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning this process are unclear. A new paper in Development shows that protein and carbohydrate depletion can trigger embryonic diapause via the nutrient sensors Gator1 and Tsc2. To learn more about the story behind the paper, we caught up with first author Jiajia Ye and corresponding author Qiang Sun, professor and director of the Non-Human Primate Research Facility at the Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences...
April 1, 2024: Development
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REVIEW
Suyang Bao, Juan M Romero, Benjamin D W Belfort, Benjamin R Arenkiel
Adult neurogenesis has fascinated the field of neuroscience for decades given the prospects of harnessing mechanisms that facilitate the rewiring and/or replacement of adult brain tissue. The subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle are the two main areas in the brain that exhibit ongoing neurogenesis. Of these, adult-born neurons within the olfactory bulb have proven to be a powerful model for studying circuit plasticity, providing a broad and accessible avenue into neuron development, migration, and continued circuit integration within adult brain tissue...
April 2024: Genesis: the Journal of Genetics and Development
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REVIEW
Andrea Manzotti, Cristina Panisi, Micol Pivotto, Federico Vinciguerra, Matteo Benedet, Federica Brazzoli, Silvia Zanni, Alberto Comassi, Sara Caputo, Francesco Cerritelli, Marco Chiera
The polyvagal theory has led to the understanding of the functions of the autonomic nervous system in biological development in humans, since the vagal system, a key structure within the polyvagal theory, plays a significant role in addressing challenges of the mother-child dyad. This article aims to summarize the neurobiological aspects of the polyvagal theory, highlighting some of its strengths and limitations through the lens of new evidence emerging in several research fields-including comparative anatomy, embryology, epigenetics, psychology, and neuroscience-in the 25 years since the theory's inception...
February 2024: Developmental Psychobiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Honzel, Abhinav Joshi, Ignacio Hernandez-Morato, William Pennington-FitzGerald, Michael J Pitman
BACKGROUND: Quantification of RNA expression and protein production in fluorescent stainings provides critical information concerning neurodevelopment. A trustable independent quantification technique requires acquisition of reliable images prior to image processing. There is uncertainty in existing literature regarding the use of confocal microscopy compared to standard epifluorescence microscopy, especially in the context of RNA in situ hybridization protocols. NEW METHOD: The hindbrains of developing rat embryos from embryologic day 14 (E14) to E20 were sectioned and stained for expression of Hoxb1, Hoxb2, and Phox2b using both RNAScope and immunohistochemistry...
December 23, 2023: Journal of Neuroscience Methods
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamdi Mbarek, Scott D Gordon, David L Duffy, Nikki Hubers, Sally Mortlock, Jeffrey J Beck, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, René Pool, Conor V Dolan, Ky'Era V Actkins, Zachary F Gerring, Jenny Van Dongen, Erik A Ehli, William G Iacono, Matt Mcgue, Daniel I Chasman, C Scott Gallagher, Samantha L P Schilit, Cynthia C Morton, Guillaume Paré, Gonneke Willemsen, David C Whiteman, Catherine M Olsen, Catherine Derom, Robert Vlietinck, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Eva Krapohl, Robert Plomin, Patrik K E Magnusson, Nancy L Pedersen, Pirro Hysi, Massimo Mangino, Timothy D Spector, Teemu Palviainen, Yuri Milaneschi, Brenda W Penninnx, Adrian I Campos, Ken K Ong, John R B Perry, Cornelis B Lambalk, Jaakko Kaprio, Ísleifur Ólafsson, Karine Duroure, Céline Revenu, Miguel E Rentería, Loic Yengo, Lea Davis, Eske M Derks, Sarah E Medland, Hreinn Stefansson, Kari Stefansson, Filippo Del Bene, Bruno Reversade, Grant W Montgomery, Dorret I Boomsma, Nicholas G Martin
STUDY QUESTION: Which genetic factors regulate female propensity for giving birth to spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twins? SUMMARY ANSWER: We identified four new loci, GNRH1, FSHR, ZFPM1, and IPO8, in addition to previously identified loci, FSHB and SMAD3. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The propensity to give birth to DZ twins runs in families. Earlier, we reported that FSHB and SMAD3 as associated with DZ twinning and female fertility measures. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of mothers of spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twins (8265 cases, 264 567 controls) and of independent DZ twin offspring (26 252 cases, 417 433 controls)...
December 5, 2023: Human Reproduction
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REVIEW
Qi Zhang, Xue Liu, Ling Gong, Miao He
Research in neuroscience has greatly benefited from the development of genetic approaches that enable lineage tracing, cell type targeting, and conditional gene regulation. Recent advances in combinatorial strategies, which integrate multiple cellular features, have significantly enhanced the spatiotemporal precision and flexibility of these manipulations. In this mini review, we introduce the concept and design of these strategies and provide a few examples of their application in genetic fate mapping, cell type targeting, and reversible conditional gene regulation...
November 14, 2023: Development, Growth & Differentiation
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adrian T Funk, Asim A O Hassan, Norbert Brüggemann, Nutan Sharma, Hans C Breiter, Anne J Blood, Jeff L Waugh
Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loops are fundamental organizing units in mammalian brains. CSTCs process limbic, associative, and sensorimotor information in largely separated but interacting networks. CTSC loops pass through paired striatal compartments, striosome (aka patch) and matrix, segregated pools of medium spiny projection neurons with distinct embryologic origins, cortical/subcortical structural connectivity, susceptibility to injury, and roles in behaviors and diseases. Similarly, striatal dopamine modulates activity in striosome and matrix in opposite directions...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroscience
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cody J Drozd, Christopher C Quinn
KIF5C is a kinesin-1 heavy chain that has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Although the roles of kinesin-1 in axon transport are well known, little is known about how it regulates axon targeting. We report that UNC-116/KIF5C functions with the NEKL-3/NEK6/7 kinase to promote axon targeting in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of UNC-116 causes the axon to overshoot its target and UNC-116 gain-of-function causes premature axon termination. We find that loss of the UNC-16/JIP3 kinesin-1 cargo adaptor disrupts axon termination, but loss of kinesin-1 light chain function does not affect axon termination...
September 15, 2023: Development
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yong Wang, Chenye Bao, Wei Chen, Shengjun Wen
Zing-Yang Kuo (1898-1970), hailed as China's behaviorist psychologist, earned "Out-Watsons Mr. Watson" in the international anti-instinct movement. His contributions to the field on behavioral neuroembryology (1929-1939) are often overlooked in comparison to his achievements in psychology. We retrieved the titles of all of Kuo's publications from 1929 to 1939 and examined those related to his research on the origins and development of embryonic behavioral ontogeny and the neural basis of embryonic behavior...
September 18, 2023: Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yan Bi, Decheng Ren, Fan Yuan, Zhou Zhang, Daizhan Zhou, Xin Yi, Lei Ji, Keyi Li, Fengping Yang, Xi Wu, Xingwang Li, Yifeng Xu, Yun Liu, Peng Wang, Changqun Cai, Chuanxin Liu, Qian Ma, Lin He, Yi Shi, Guang He
BACKGROUND: TUB-like protein 4 (TULP4) is one of the distant members of tubby family proteins, whose function remains largely unknown. In the present study, we intend to identify the role of TULP4 in schizophrenia from human samples and animal models. METHODS: Whole-exome sequencing was used to detect the four schizophrenia families collected. In different cell lines, the effects of identified variants in TULP4 gene on its expression and localization were analyzed...
August 31, 2023: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marvin Heimke, Florian Richter, Tillmann Heinze, Madlen Kunke, Thilo Wedel, Martina Böttner, Jan-Hendrik Egberts, Ralph Lucius, François Cossais
Dispatched homolog (DISP) proteins have been implicated in the regulation of hedgehog signaling during embryologic development. Although DISP2 has recently been associated with neuronal development and control of cognitive functions, its localization pattern in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system has not yet been investigated. In this study, the Disp2 expression profile was assessed in human tissues from publicly available transcriptomic datasets. The DISP2 localization pattern was further characterized in the human and rat central nervous system (CNS), as well as within the colonic enteric nervous system (ENS) using dual-label immunohistochemistry...
June 27, 2023: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience: MN
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takahide Seki, Hideaki Takeuchi, Satoshi Ansai
Optogenetics enables the manipulation of neural activity with high spatiotemporal resolution in genetically defined neurons. The method is widely used in various model animals in the neuroscience and physiology fields. Channelrhodopsins are robust tools for optogenetic manipulation, but they have not yet been used for studies in medaka. In the present study, we used the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in approach to establish a transgenic medaka strain expressing the Chloromonas oogama channelrhodopsin (CoChR) in the ISL LIM homeobox 1 (isl1) locus...
June 24, 2023: Development, Growth & Differentiation
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REVIEW
R Mrinalini, T Tamilanban, V Naveen Kumar, K Manasa
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is currently in vogue as a prevalently used experimental model for studies concerning neurobehavioural disorders and associated fields. Since the 1960s, this model has succeeded in breaking most barriers faced in the hunt for an experimental model. From its appearance to its high parity with human beings genetically, this model renders itself as an advantageous experimental lab animal. Neurobehavioural disorders have always posed an arduous task in terms of their detection as well as in determining their exact etiology...
December 19, 2022: Neuroscience
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wendan Tao, William Robert Kwapong, Jianyang Xie, Zetao Wang, Xiaonan Guo, Junfeng Liu, Chen Ye, Bo Wu, Yitian Zhao, Ming Liu
Background: The retina and brain share a similar embryologic origin, blood barriers, and microvasculature features. Thus, retinal imaging has been of interest in the aging population to help in the early detection of brain disorders. Imaging evaluation of brain frailty, including brain atrophy and markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), could reflect brain health in normal aging, but is costly and time-consuming. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the retinal microvasculature and its association with radiological indicators of brain frailty in normal aging adults...
2022: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
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REVIEW
Michiya Kubo, Naoya Kuwayama, Tarik F Massoud, Lotfi Hacein-Bey
The cerebral venous system is complex and sophisticated and serves various major functions toward maintaining brain homeostasis. Cerebral veins contain about 70% of cerebral blood volume, have thin walls, are valveless, and cross seamlessly white matter, ependymal, cisternal, arachnoid, and dural boundaries to eventually drain cerebral blood either into dural sinuses or deep cerebral veins. Although numerous variations in the cerebral venous anatomic arrangement may be encountered, the overall configuration is relatively predictable and landmarks relatively well defined...
August 2022: Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua Ola Owolabi, Sunday Yinka Olatunji, Adedeji E Adetunji, Tijani Adekilekun
Background Anatomy education in this context refers to the training of anatomists particularly in the university or college setting with an emphasis on equipping them with skills to be biomedical researchers and scientists, educators, and providers of applied or allied health services. There has been a recurring call to carefully evaluate and scrutinize biomedical science programs in Nigerian universities. This study considered the anatomy curriculum in representative Nigerian institutions with an emphasis on their philosophy, program design, program objectives, and program contents among other considerations...
May 2022: Curēus
#17
REVIEW
Masahito Yamagata
The Tabula Gallus is a proposed project that aims to create a map of every cell type in the chicken body and chick embryos. Chickens ( Gallus gallus ) are one of the most recognized model animals that recapitulate the development and physiology of mammals. The Tabula Gallus will generate a compendium of single-cell transcriptome data from Gallus gallus , characterize each cell type, and provide tools for the study of the biology of this species, similar to other ongoing cell atlas projects (Tabula Muris and Tabula Sapiens/Human Cell Atlas for mice and humans, respectively)...
January 6, 2022: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kanae Hiyoshi, Asuka Shiraishi, Narumi Fukuda, Sachiko Tsuda
The brain consists of neural circuits, which are assemblies of various neuron types. For understanding how the brain works, it is essential to identify the functions of each type of neuron and neuronal circuits. Recent advances in our understanding of brain function and its development have been achieved using light to detect neuronal activity. Optical measurement of membrane potentials through voltage imaging is a desirable approach, enabling fast, direct, and simultaneous detection of membrane potentials in a population of neurons...
October 2021: Development, Growth & Differentiation
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tessa G Montague, Isabelle J Rieth, Richard Axel
BACKGROUND: The dwarf cuttlefish Sepia bandensis, a camouflaging cephalopod from the Indo-Pacific, is a promising new model organism for neuroscience, developmental biology, and evolutionary studies. Cuttlefish dynamically camouflage to their surroundings by altering the color, pattern, and texture of their skin. The skin's "pixels" (chromatophores) are controlled by motor neurons projecting from the brain. Thus, camouflage is a visible representation of neural activity. In addition to camouflage, the dwarf cuttlefish uses dynamic skin patterns for social communication...
December 2021: Developmental Dynamics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zachary T Olmsted, Janet L Paluh
The ability to reliably repair spinal cord injuries (SCI) will be one of the greatest human achievements realized in regenerative medicine. Until recently, the cellular path to this goal has been challenging. However, as detailed developmental principles are revealed in mouse and human models, their application in the stem cell community brings trunk and spine embryology into efforts to advance human regenerative medicine. New models of posterior embryo development identify neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) as a major bifurcation point in generating the spinal cord and somites and is leading to production of cell types with the full range of axial identities critical for repair of trunk and spine disorders...
2021: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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