lung neoplasm

We recently reported that resistance to PD-1-blockade in a refractory lung cancer-derived model involved increased collagen deposition and the collagen-binding inhibitory receptor leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1), and thus we hypothesized that LAIR1 and collagen cooperated to suppress therapeutic response. Here, we report LAIR1 is associated with tumor stroma and is highly expressed by intratumoral myeloid cells in both human tumors and mouse models of cancer. Stroma-associated myeloid cells exhibit a suppressive phenotype and correlate with LAIR1 expression in human cancer...

BACKGROUND: Information regarding late recurrence after pulmonary resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is limited. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for late recurrence after surgery for NSCLC in the current era. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent complete resection for pathological I-III NSCLC between 2006 and 2015. Late recurrence was defined as a recurrence that met the following conditions: (1) the patient underwent chest computed tomography (CT) at or after 54 months after surgery and recurrence was not detected at that time, and (2) recurrence that occurred more than 5 years after surgery...

The biomarker-oriented chemo-immunotherapy is useful and promising in the development of new anticancer agents, since the responders can be enriched by selecting patients with biomarkers. Compared to colorectal and lung cancers, the development of biomarker-driven molecular-targeted therapeutics for gastric cancers has been straggled. However, several new biomarkers in gastric cancers have been discovered and clinical trials in enrichment design with certain biomarkers have been conducted. Therefore, there are currently several treatment options to treat gastric cancer patients based on individual biomarker-oriented strategies...

The aberrant activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) acts as a potent driver of multiple types of human cancers. Despite the development of several conventional small-molecular FGFR inhibitors, their clinical efficacy is largely compromised due to low selectivity and side effects. Here, we report the selective FGFR1/2-targeting proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC), BR-cpd7 that displays significant isoform specificity to FGFR1/2 with DC50 values around 10 nM, while sparing FGFR3. The following mechanistic investigation reveals the reduced FGFR signaling, through which BR-cpd7 induces cell cycle arrest and consequently blocks the proliferation of multiple FGFR1/2-dependent tumor cells...

BACKGROUND: Luteolin, a common dietary flavonoid found in plants, has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. However, its exact mechanisms of action in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still not fully understood, particularly its role in regulating broader genomic networks and specific gene targets. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in NSCLC treated with luteolin, using A549 cells as a model system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: miRNA profiling was conducted on luteolin-treated A549 cells using Exiqon microarrays, with validation of selected miRNAs by qRT-PCR...

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world due to its high incidence and recurrence. Genetic instability is one of the main factors leading to its occurrence, development and poor prognosis. Decreased xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) expression notably enhances the stem cell properties of lung cancer cells and increases their proliferation and migration. Additionally, patients with lung cancer and low XPC expression had a poor prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of XPC and IFN-γ on the clinical prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...

INTRODUCTION: The progression of solid cancers is manifested at the systemic level as molecular changes in the metabolome of body fluids, an emerging source of cancer biomarkers. METHODS: We analyzed quantitatively the serum metabolite profile using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiles were compared between breast cancer patients (n=112) and two groups of healthy women (from Poland and Norway; n=95 and n=112, respectively) with similar age distributions...

Colorectal cancer, with the liver being the most common site of distant metastasis, followed by the lungs and bones. Although reports of metastasis to the testis exist, paratesticular metastasis is extremely rare. A 37-year-old male presented with scrotal swelling. Ultrasound revealed hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis. The patient underwent routine surgical treatment, and postoperative pathology of the tunica vaginalis indicated adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal origin. Colonoscopic biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women globally, often leading to distant metastasis in the lung, liver, or bones. Cutaneous metastasis represents an uncommon pattern in breast cancer, but when observed, it tends to manifest in the thorax and upper abdomen, primarily due to lymph node involvement. Therefore, occurrences of cutaneous metastasis on the scalp and extremities are infrequent. Moreover, invasive lobular carcinoma metastasizing to remote skin is rare among the breast cancer. This report presents a case of cutaneous metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma to the scalp in a patient treated for breast cancer six years ago, with no signs of local recurrence or metastasis to other organs...

Radiotherapy stands as a cornerstone in the treatment of numerous malignant tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer. However, the critical challenge of amplifying the tumoricidal effectiveness of radiotherapy while minimizing collateral damage to healthy tissues remains an area of significant research interest. Radiosensitizers, by methods such as amplifying DNA damage and fostering the creation of free radicals, play a pivotal role in enhancing the destructive impact of radiotherapy on tumors. Over recent decades, nano-dimensional radiosensitizers have emerged as a notable advancement...

OBJECTIVE: To construct nomogram models to predict the risk factors for early death in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). METHODS: The study covered 2138 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database and all these patients were diagnosed with MM between 2010 and 2015. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors affecting early death in MM patients. These risk factors were then used to construct nomograms of all-cause early death and cancer-specific early death...

BACKGROUND: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly detrimental occurrence associated with severe neurological disorders, lacking effective treatment currently. Proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) may provide new therapeutic avenues for treatment of podophyllotoxin derivatives-resistant SCLC with LM, warranting further exploration. METHODS: The SCLC cell line H128 expressing luciferase were mutated by MNNG to generate H128-Mut cell line...

Oral malignancies continue to have severe morbidity with less than 50% long-term survival despite the advancement in the available therapies. There is a persisting demand for new approaches to establish more efficient strategies for their treatment. In this regard, the human topoisomerase II (topoII) enzyme is a validated chemotherapeutics target, as topoII regulates vital cellular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromosome segregation in cells. TopoII inhibitors are currently used to treat some neoplasms such as breast and small cells lung carcinomas...

The patient was a 54-year-old male at the time of initial examination. He was aware of numbness and weakness in the left hemisphere of his body and came to see the hospital. He was diagnosed with brain metastasis of lung cancer and started treatment(cT2N0M1[Brain]). He underwent gamma knife for the head lesion and nivolumab for the lung lesion. The patient's lesions shrank with the success of the medical treatment, but recurred with small intestinal metastasis. He underwent a partial resection of the small intestine and was treated again with nivolumab, which resulted in a complete response...

We report a case of right advanced breast cancer with multiple lung metastases in a 66-year-old woman. Her breast cancer( invasive ductal carcinoma, cT4bN1M1, Stage Ⅳ)was resected in October 2007(mastectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection)after local arterial infusion therapy(total dose 5-FU 4,735 mg plus adriamycin 180 mg), which caused bilateral lung arterial embolism due to deep vein thrombosis in right her leg. She had to be treated by anticoagulant therapy, mechanical ventilation and placement of IVC filter before her operation...

There have been many driver gene abnormalities identified in NSCLC, and the development and clinical adoption of targeting drugs for such are progressing. This has, as a result, complicated the situation surrounding companion diagnostics (CDx). Lung cancer treatment guidelines recommend the use of Multiplex testing that allow for CDx for many driver gene abnormalities to be used prior to 1L treatment for advanced lung cancer. The problem is that insurance rules stipulate that only one of Multiplex test is deemed reimbursable per junction in time, particular CDx are linked to particular targeted drugs instead of particular driver gene abnormalities, and none of the currently available Multiplex tests contain the CDx for all genetic mutations for which drugs have been approved...

INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may be associated with hyperprogressive disease (HPD). However, there is currently no standardized definition of HPD, with its risk factors and clinical implications remaining unclear. We investigated HPD in lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy, aiming to redefine HPD, identify risk factors, and assess its impact on survival. METHODS: Clinical and radiologic data from 121 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with 136 immunotherapy cases were reviewed retrospectively...

INTRODUCTION: An increase in plan robustness leads to a higher dose to adjacent organs-at-risk (OARs), and an increased chance of post-treatment toxicities. In contrast, more conformal plans lead to sparing of healthy surrounding tissue at the expense of a higher sensitivity to anatomical changes, requiring costly adaptations. In this study, we assess the trade-off and impact of treatment plan robustness on the adaptation rate. METHOD: Treatment planning was performed for 40 lung cancer patients, each having a planning 4DCT and up to eight weekly repeated 4DCTs (reCTs)...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The treatment landscape for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has evolved significantly since the introduction of immunotherapies. We here describe PD-L1 testing rates, treatment patterns, and real-world outcomes for PD-(L)1 inhibitors in Sweden. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the Swedish National Lung Cancer Registry for patients with advanced NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-2 who initiated first-line -systemic treatment from 01 April 2017 to 30 June 2020...

BACKGROUND: The identification of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance to the MEK inhibitor trametinib in mutant KRAS lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a challenge. This study analyzes the effects of trametinib on Id1 protein, a key factor involved in the KRAS oncogenic pathway, and investigates the role of Id1 in the acquired resistance to trametinib as well as the synergistic anticancer effect of trametinib combined with immunotherapy in KRAS-mutant LUAD. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of trametinib on KRAS-mutant LUAD by Western blot, RNA-seq and different syngeneic mouse models...