Transcription factors

The plant cuticle controls non-stomatal water loss and can serve as a barrier against biotic agents, whereas the heteropolymer suberin and its associated waxes are deposited constitutively at specific cell wall locations. While several transcription factors controlling cuticle formation have been identified, those involved in the transcriptional regulation of suberin biosynthesis remain poorly characterized. The major goal of this study was to further analyse the function of the R2R3-Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor AtMYB41 in formation of the cuticle, suberin, and suberin-associated waxes throughout plant development...

Krüppel-like factor 13 (KLF13), a zinc finger transcription factor, is considered as a potential regulator of cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation during heart morphogenesis. However, its precise role in the dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during atherosclerosis and neointimal formation after injury remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between KLF13 and SM22α expression in normal and atherosclerotic plaques by bioanalysis, and observed a significant increase in KLF13 levels in the atherosclerotic plaques of both human patients and ApoE-/- mice...

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BACKGROUND: Tissue resident memory T (TRM ) cells are a T-cell subset that resides at the site of prior antigen recognition to protect the body against reoccurring encounters. Besides their protective function, TRM cells have also been implicated in inflammatory disorders. TRM cells are characterized by the expression of CD69 and transcription factors Hobit (homolog of Blimp-1 [B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1] in T cells) and Blimp-1. As the majority of T cells in the arterial intima expresses CD69, TRM cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as well...

Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a class I nationally protected traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat liver diseases such as hepatitis; however, the effect of PZH on the progression of sepsis is unknown. Here, we reported that PZH attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice and reduced LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. Mechanistically, PZH stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation to induce the expression of A20, which could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling...

BACKGROUND: Distant metastasis remains the leading cause of death among patients with breast cancer (BRCA). The process of cancer metastasis involves multiple mechanisms, including compromised immune system. However, not all genes involved in immune function have been comprehensively identified. METHODS: Firstly 1623 BRCA samples, including transcriptome sequencing and clinical information, were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE102818, GSE45255, GSE86166) and The Cancer Genome Atlas-BRCA (TCGA-BRCA) dataset...

Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1)::RUNX1 partner transcriptional co-repressor 1 (RUNX1T1) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a subtype of acute leukemia primarily classified as French American British M2. RUNX1::RUNX1T1 transcript is formed by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 8q22 and 21q22. However, we encountered a case of AML that showed molecular positivity for RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion transcript but exhibited cytogenetically atypical translocation t(6;8). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, in combination with G-banding, clarified the three-way translocation t(6;21;8)(p25;q22;q22), which was partially cryptic...

Grade IV glioma, formerly known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor, and its treatment remains challenging in part due to extensive interpatient heterogeneity in disease driving mechanisms and lack of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Using mechanistic inference of node-edge relationship (MINER), we have analyzed multiomics profiles from 516 patients and constructed an atlas of causal and mechanistic drivers of interpatient heterogeneity in GBM (gbmMINER)...

Nowadays, more than two billion inhabitants of underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries are at risk of being stung by scorpions. Scorpion stings annually cause 2000-3000 deaths as they can lead to the respiratory and/or cardiovascular complications. Pathogenesis of lung damage under scorpion envenomation is often comprehensive. Respiratory failure can have a cardiogenic origin, associated with venom neurotoxin action. However, some venom components can stimulate pro-inflammatory signaling cascades followed by cytokines synthesis, recruit and activate immune cells, participating in the inflammatory response in lung injury...

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) produced in opium poppy have been evidenced to heal patients suffering from various diseases. They, therefore, hold an integral position in the herbal drug industry. Despite the adoption of several approaches for the large-scale production of BIAs, opium poppy remains the only platform in this purpose. The only disadvantage associated with producing BIAs in the plant is their small quantity. Thus, recruiting strategies that boost their levels is deemed necessary. All the methods which have been employed so far are just able to enhance a maximum of two BIAs...

From fly to man, the Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling molecule is essential for both the stability and plasticity of the nervous system. The Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has proven to be a useful system for deciphering the role of Wg in directing activity-dependent synaptic plasticity (ADSP), which, in the motoneuron, has been shown to be dependent on both the canonical and the noncanonical calcium Wg pathways. Here we show that the noncanonical planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is an essential component of the Wg signaling system controlling plasticity at the motoneuron synapse...

UNLABELLED: In this study, we applied exogenous chlorogenic acid (CGA) to Lonicera japonica ( L. japonica ) leaves via foliar sprays every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for a period of 12 months. Our continuous monitoring over this period revealed a consistent increase in flavonoid levels from the second to the tenth month following the commencement of CGA treatment. This was accompanied by a notable upregulation in the expression of four secondary metabolite-related enzyme genes: LjPAL1 , LjPAL2 , LjPAL3 , and LjISY1 ...

UNLABELLED: Ziziphus nummularia an elite heat-stress tolerant shrub, grows in arid regions of desert. However, its molecular mechanism responsible for heat stress tolerance is unexplored. Therefore, we analysed whole transcriptome of Jaisalmer (heat tolerant) and Godhra (heat sensitive) genotypes of Z. nummularia to understand its molecular mechanism responsible for heat stress tolerance. De novo assembly of 16,22,25,052 clean reads yielded 276,029 transcripts. A total of 208,506 unigenes were identified which contains 4290 and 1043 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in TGO (treated Godhra at 42 °C) vs...

UNLABELLED: The gene family known as the Lateral Organ Boundary Domain ( LBD ) is responsible for producing transcription factors unique to plants, which play a crucial role in controlling diverse biological activities, including their growth and development. This research focused on examining Cerasus humilis ' ChLBD gene, owing to its significant ecological, economic, and nutritional benefits. Examining the ChLBD gene family's member count, physicochemical characteristics, phylogenetic evolution, gene configuration, and motif revealed 41 ChLBD gene family members spread across 8 chromosomes, with ChLBD gene's full-length coding sequences (CDSs) ranging from 327 to 1737 base pairs, and the protein sequence's length spanning 109 ( ChLBD30 )-579 ( ChLBD35 ) amino acids...

UNLABELLED: The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is the second largest in plants. bHLH transcription factor is not only universally involved in plant growth and metabolism, including photomorphogenesis, light signal transduction, and secondary metabolism, but also plays an important role in plant response to stress. However, the function of bHLH TFs in Pseudoroegneria species has not been studied yet. Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Á. Löve is a perennial genus of the Triticeae ...

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe diabetic complication that leads to severe visual impairment or blindness. He-Ying-Qing-Re formula (HF), a traditional Chinese medicinal concoction, has been identified as an efficient therapy for DR with retinal vascular dysfunction for decades and has been experimentally reported to ameliorate retinal conditions in diabetic mice. This study endeavors to explore the therapeutic potential of HF with key ingredients in DR and its underlying novel mechanisms...

BACKGROUND: Ribosome biogenesis is excessively activated in tumor cells, yet it is little known whether oncogenic transcription factors (TFs) are involved in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transactivation. METHODS: Nucleolar proteomics data and large-scale immunofluorescence were re-analyzed to jointly identify the proteins localized at nucleolus. RNA-Seq data of five prostate cancer (PCa) cohorts were combined and integrated with multi-dimensional data to define the upregulated nucleolar TFs in PCa tissues...

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoa, infects approximately 30% of the global population. Contracting T. gondii at the primary infection of the mother can result in neonatal microcephaly, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, or mortality. Our previous study indicated that pregnant mice infected with T. gondii displayed a decrease in both the number and the suppressive ability of regulatory T cells, accompanied by the reduced Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)...

BACKGROUND: Repressor element 1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor (REST) is a transcriptional repressor abundantly expressed in aging human brains. It is known to regulate genes associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurological disorders by binding to a canonical form of sequence motif and its non-canonical variations. Although analysis of genomic sequence motifs is crucial to understand transcriptional regulation by transcription factors (TFs), a comprehensive characterization of various forms of RE1 motifs in human cell lines has not been performed...

BACKGROUND: Deciphering gene regulation is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms of healthy and disease states. While the regulatory networks formed by transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes has been mostly studied with relation to cis effects such as in TF binding sites, we focused on trans effects of TFs on the expression of their transcribed genes and their potential mechanisms. RESULTS: We provide a comprehensive tissue-specific atlas, spanning 49 tissues of TF variations affecting gene expression through computational models considering two potential mechanisms, including combinatorial regulation by the expression of the TFs, and by genetic variants within the TF...