keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467483/stimulant-prodrugs-a-pharmacological-and-clinical-assessment-of-their-role-in-treating-adhd-and-binge-eating-disorder
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David J Heal, Jane Gosden, Sharon L Smith
In this review, we critically evaluate the contribution of prodrugs to treating two related psychiatric disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge-eating disorder (BED). ADHD is characterized by inattentiveness, distractibility, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. BED is also an impulse-control disorder which leads to frequent, compulsive episodes of excessive eating (binges). Lisdexamfetamine (LDX; prodrug of d-amphetamine) is approved to treat both ADHD and BED. Serdexmethylphenidate (SDX; prodrug of d-threo-methylphenidate) is not clinically approved as monotherapy but, in a fixed-dose combination with immediate release d-threo-methylphenidate (Azstarys™), SDX is approved for managing ADHD in children/adolescents...
2024: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38412018/-not-available
#2
Danielle M Martindale, Jenica L Haraschak, Andrew J Thiel, Jonathan P Samuelson, John P Buchweitz
OBJECTIVE: To describe the presentation, management, and postmortem examination findings in a dog with confirmed lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) toxicosis. CASE SUMMARY: A 3-year-old female neutered mixed breed dog initially presented with neurological signs suspected to be secondary to LDX toxicosis. The dog was treated as typical for amphetamine toxicoses but developed severe respiratory and cardiovascular signs throughout their hospitalization. The progression of the cardiopulmonary signs led to cardiopulmonary arrest, for which CPR was unsuccessful...
February 27, 2024: Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38404033/a-randomized-phase-3-double-blind-crossover-comparison-of-multilayer-extended-release-methylphenidate-prc-063-and-lisdexamfetamine-in-the-driving-performance-of-young-adults-with-adhd
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vishal Madaan, Sailaja Bhaskar, Graeme A E Donnelly, Daniel J Cox
OBJECTIVE: To compare PRC-063 (multilayer-release methylphenidate) and lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) on the driving performance of young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. METHOD: Following up to 21 days of each treatment in each treatment course (PRC-063/LDX or LDX/PRC-063), subjects completed a 15-hour driving simulator laboratory assessment. The primary outcome measure was the Tactical Driving Quotient (TDQ) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scale was a secondary outcome measure...
February 25, 2024: Journal of Attention Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378049/can-exposure-to-lisdexamfetamine-dimesylate-from-juvenile-period-to-peripubertal-compromise-male-reproductive-parameters-in-adult-rats
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Stein, Bárbara Campos Jorge, Lívia Trippe Nagaoka, Ana Carolina Casali Reis, Beatriz de Matos Manoel, Alana Rezende Godoi, Vanessa Caroline Fioravante, Francisco Eduardo Martinez, Patrícia Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro, André Sampaio Pupo, Arielle Cristina Arena
Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is a d-amphetamine prodrug used to treat attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Due to its action mediated by elevated levels of catecholamines, mainly dopamine and noradrenaline, which influence hormonal regulation and directly affect the gonads, this drug may potentially disrupt reproductive performance. This study evaluated the effects of exposure to LDX from the juvenile to peripubertal period (critical stages of development) on systemic and reproductive toxicity parameters in male rats...
February 18, 2024: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38298797/functional-connectivity-mechanisms-underlying-symptom-reduction-following-lisdexamfetamine-treatment-in-binge-eating-disorder-a-clinical-trial
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristi R Griffiths, Isabella A Breukelaar, Grace Harvie, Jenny Yang, Sheryl L Foster, Anthony W Harris, Simon Clarke, Phillipa J Hay, Stephen Touyz, Mayuresh S Korgaonkar, Michael R Kohn
BACKGROUND: Speculation exists as to whether lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) acts on the functional connectivity (FC) of brain networks that modulate appetite, reward, or inhibitory control in binge-eating disorder (BED). Better insights into its action may help guide the development of more targeted therapeutics and identify who will benefit most from this medication. Here, we use a comprehensive data-driven approach to investigate the brain FC changes that underlie the therapeutic action of LDX in patients with BED...
January 2024: Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38228974/chronic-administration-of-lisdexamfetamine-induces-apoptosis-and-inflammation-and-reduces-sperm-quality-in-adult-male-rats
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Susan Roustaee, Mojtaba Sani, Maryam Mehranpour, Pourya Raee, Meysam Hassani Moghaddam, Reza Bahar, Seyedeh Naghmeh Nourirad, Mohammad-Jasim Golzarian, Amirreza Beirami, Hosein Jafary, Mohammad Amin Aalipour, Mohammad Taghizadeh, Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar, Kimia Vakili, Mobina Fathi, Mohammad Hossain Heidari, Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh, Abbas Aliaghaei, Hamid Nazarian
Concerns have been raised about potentially irreversible brain damage and damage to the neuroendocrine system during development when treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with lisdexamfetamine (LDX), a norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor. This study aims to elucidate the potential adverse effects of LDX on the male reproductive system due to its widespread use and potential for abuse. In this study, adult male rats were randomized into control and LDX groups. Thirty milligrams per kilogram LDX was administered orally for 3 weeks...
January 16, 2024: Reproductive Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38101205/neurobiological-basis-of-reinforcement-based-decision-making-in-adults-with-adhd-treated-with-lisdexamfetamine-dimesylate-preliminary-findings-and-implications-for-mechanisms-influencing-clinical-improvement
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeffrey H Newcorn, Iliyan Ivanov, Beth Krone, Xiaobo Li, Stephanie Duhoux, Stuart White, Kurt P Schulz, Anne-Claude V Bédard, Juan Pedraza, Lenard Adler, Robert James Blair
BACKGROUND: ADHD is often described as a disorder of altered reward sensitivity, yet few studies have examined the extent to which: (i) treatments for ADHD impact reward-related mechanisms; and (ii) changes in the reward system are associated with clinical improvement. This study addresses these issues - examining the extent to which clinical improvement following lisdexamfetamine (LDX) treatment is associated with changes in brain reward system activation. METHODS: Twenty adults (M = 11, 55%, F = 9, 45%), ages 19-52 (M = 33...
December 3, 2023: Journal of Psychiatric Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38086595/lisdexamphetamine-versus-methylphenidate-for-paediatric-patients-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-and-type-1-diabetes-lamaindiab-protocol-for-a-multicentre-randomised-cross-over-clinical-trial-in-an-outpatient-telemedicine-supported-setting
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arkadiusz Michalak, Jędrzej Chrzanowski, Hanna Kuśmierczyk-Kozieł, Ewa Klejman, Katarzyna Błaziak, Beata Mianowska, Agnieszka Szadkowska, Agata P Chobot, Przemysława Jarosz-Chobot, Małgorzata Myśliwiec, Iwona Makowska, Anna Kalenik, Monika Zamarlik, Tomasz Wolańczyk, Wojciech Fendler, Agnieszka Butwicka
INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5%-10% of paediatric population and is reportedly more common in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), exacerbating its clinical course. Proper treatment of ADHD in such patients may thus provide neurological and metabolic benefits. To test this, we designed a non-commercial second phase clinical trial comparing the impact of different pharmacological interventions for ADHD in children with T1D. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, randomised, open-label, cross-over clinical trial in children and adolescents with ADHD and T1D...
December 12, 2023: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37817221/cost-effectiveness-and-budget-impact-analysis-of-lisdexamfetamine-versus-methylphenidate-for-patients-under-18-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-in-iran
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amirmohammad Tajik, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Sepideh Elyasi, Omid Rajabi, Mehdi Varmaghani
BACKGROUND: Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) and Methylphenidate (MPH) are stimulant agents that have been shown to provide significant benefits in the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients. AIM: This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness and the budget impact of LDX compared to MPH as the first-line treatment for ADHD. METHODS: A one-year cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was conducted to compare the effects of LDX and MPH in reducing disease symptoms and patient costs and improving quality of life (QoL) from a social perspective...
October 10, 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37457000/-in-silico-evaluation-of-the-role-of-lisdexamfetamine-on-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-common-psychiatric-comorbidities-mechanistic-insights-on-binge-eating-disorder-and-depression
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Ramón Gutiérrez-Casares, Cristina Segú-Vergés, Juncal Sabate Chueca, Tamara Pozo-Rubio, Mireia Coma, Carmen Montoto, Javier Quintero
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition well recognized in the pediatric population that can persist into adulthood. The vast majority of patients with ADHD present psychiatric comorbidities that have been suggested to share, to some extent, the pathophysiological mechanism of ADHD. Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is a stimulant prodrug approved for treating ADHD and, in the US, also for binge eating disorder (BED). Herein, we evaluated, through a systems biology-based in silico method, the efficacy of a virtual model of LDX (vLDX) as ADHD treatment to improve five common ADHD psychiatric comorbidities in adults and children, and we explored the molecular mechanisms behind LDX's predicted efficacy...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37439970/binge-eating-disorder-interventions-review-current-status-and-implications
#11
REVIEW
Carlos M Grilo, Adrienne Juarascio
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a serious psychiatric problem associated with substantial morbidity that, unfortunately, frequently goes unrecognized and untreated. This review summarizes the current status of behavioral, psychological, pharmacological, and combined treatments for BED in adults with a particular focus on recent findings and advances. RECENT FINDINGS: Certain specific psychological treatments, notably CBT and IPT, and to some extent DBT, have demonstrated efficacy and are associated with durable benefits after treatment...
September 2023: Current Obesity Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37409229/-post-hoc-analysis-of-a-randomized-double-blind-prospective-trial-evaluating-a-cxcr1-2-inhibitor-in-new-onset-type-1-diabetes-endo-metabolic-features-at-baseline-identify-a-subgroup-of-responders
#12
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Valeria Sordi, Paolo Monti, Vito Lampasona, Raffaella Melzi, Silvia Pellegrini, Bart Keymeulen, Pieter Gillard, Thomas Linn, Emanuele Bosi, Ludger Rose, Paolo Pozzilli, Francesco Giorgino, Efisio Cossu, Lorenzo Piemonti
AIM: In a recent randomized, multicenter trial (NCT02814838) a short-term anti-inflammatory treatment with ladarixin (LDX; an inhibitor of the CXCR1/2 chemokine receptors) did not show benefit on preserving residual beta cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes. We present a post hoc analysis of trial patients in the predefined subgroup analysis developed according to baseline daily insulin requirement (DIR) tertiles. METHOD: A double-blind, randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled study was conducted in 45 men and 31 women (aged 18-46 years) within 100 days of the first insulin administration...
2023: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37350265/world-federation-of-societies-of-biological-psychiatry-wfsbp-guidelines-update-2023-on-the-pharmacological-treatment-of-eating-disorders
#13
REVIEW
Hubertus Himmerich, Yael Doreen Lewis, Chiara Conti, Hiba Mutwalli, Andreas Karwautz, Jan Magnus Sjögren, María Mercedes Uribe Isaza, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Martin Aigner, Susan L McElroy, Janet Treasure, Siegfried Kasper
OBJECTIVES: This 2023 update of the WFSBP guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders (EDs) reflects the latest diagnostic and psychopharmacological progress and the improved WFSBP recommendations for the assessment of the level of evidence (LoE) and the grade of recommendation (GoR). METHODS: The WFSBP Task Force EDs reviewed the relevant literature and provided a timely grading of the LoE and the GoR. RESULTS: In anorexia nervosa (AN), only a limited recommendation (LoE: A; GoR: 2) for olanzapine can be given, because the available evidence is restricted to weight gain, and its effect on psychopathology is less clear...
April 24, 2023: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37333910/-in-silico-clinical-trial-evaluating-lisdexamfetamine-s-and-methylphenidate-s-mechanism-of-action-computational-models-in-an-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-virtual-patients-population
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Ramón Gutiérrez-Casares, Javier Quintero, Cristina Segú-Vergés, Pilar Rodríguez Monterde, Tamara Pozo-Rubio, Mireia Coma, Carmen Montoto
INTRODUCTION: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an impairing psychiatric condition with the stimulants, lisdexamfetamine (LDX), and methylphenidate (MPH), as the first lines pharmacological treatment. METHODS: Herein, we applied a novel in silico method to evaluate virtual LDX (vLDX) and vMPH as treatments for ADHD applying quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models. The objectives were to evaluate the model's output, considering the model characteristics and the information used to build them, to compare both virtual drugs' efficacy mechanisms, and to assess how demographic (age, body mass index, and sex) and clinical characteristics may affect vLDX's and vMPH's relative efficacies...
2023: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37291437/development-of-child-friendly-lisdexamfetamine-chewable-tablets-using-ion-exchange-resin-as-a-taste-masking-carrier-based-on-the-concept-of-quality-by-design-qbd
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunmei Zhu, Jinmin Chen, Limin Shi, Qing Liu, Chunfeng Liu, Fuli Zhang, Haoxiang Wu
Taste masking is critical to improving the compliance of pediatric oral dosage forms. However, it is challenging for extremely bitter lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) with a long half-life and given in large dose. The present study aims to develop an immediate-release, taste-masked lisdexamfetamine chewable tablet. Lisdexamfetamine-resin complexes (LRCs) were prepared using the batch method. The molecular mechanism of taste masking was explored by PXRD, PLM, STA, and FT-IR. The results showed that taste masking was attributed to the ionic interaction between drug and the resin...
June 8, 2023: AAPS PharmSciTech
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37282510/epidemiology-treatment-patterns-comorbidities-and-concomitant-medication-in-patients-with-adhd-in-sweden-a-registry-based-study-2018-2021
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
MaiBritt Giacobini, Ewa Ahnemark, Emma Medin, Jonatan Freilich, Magnus Andersson, Yuanjun Ma, Ylva Ginsberg
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment patterns for ADHD in Sweden. METHOD: Observational retrospective study of patients with ADHD from the Swedish National Patient Register and Prescribed Drug Register, 2018 to 2021. Cross-sectional analyses included incidence, prevalence, and psychiatric comorbidities. Longitudinal analyses (newly diagnosed patients) included medication, treatment lines, duration, time-to-treatment initiation, and switching. RESULTS: Of 243,790 patients, 84...
June 6, 2023: Journal of Attention Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37269772/salience-and-hedonic-experience-as-predictors-of-central-stimulant-treatment-response-in-adhd-a-resting-state-fmri-study
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Rode, Rebecka Runnamo, Per Thunberg, Mussie Msghina
BACKGROUND: Roughly 20-30% of patients with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) fail to respond to central stimulant (CS) medication. Genetic, neuroimaging, biochemical and behavioral biomarkers for CS response have been investigated, but currently there are no biomarkers available for clinical use that help identify CS responders and non-responders. METHODS: In the present paper, we studied if incentive salience and hedonic experience evaluated after a single-dose CS medication could predict response and non-response to CS medication...
July 2023: Journal of Psychiatric Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37218020/secondary-outcomes-and-qualitative-findings-of-an-open-label-feasibility-trial-of-lisdexamfetamine-dimesylate-for-adults-with-bulimia-nervosa
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Dixon, Sara Bartel, Victoria Brown, Sarrah I Ali, Susan Gamberg, Andrea Murphy, Katherine L Brewer, Susan L McElroy, Allan Kaplan, Abraham Nunes, Aaron R Keshen
BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence that stimulants warrant further investigation as a treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN) including a recent open-label feasibility trial examining the use of lisdexamfetamine dimestylate (LDX) for BN. The current report presents the secondary outcomes and qualitative interview results from that feasibility trial. These outcomes explore several purported mechanisms that may explain how stimulants affect symptoms of BN: appetite, impulsivity, obsessive and compulsive symptoms, eating disorder psychopathology/impairment and reward-based decision-making...
May 22, 2023: Journal of Eating Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201882/macromolecular-%C3%AE-glucans-with-%C3%AE-1-3-%C3%AE-1-4-branching-structures-produced-using-dual-glycosyltransferases-elucidation-of-physicochemical-and-slowly-digestible-properties
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hye-Jung Ryu, Young-Bo Song, Wonkyun Choi, Sang-Ho Yoo, Byung-Hoo Lee
Amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea (NpAS) produces the linear amylose-like α-glucans by the elongation property from sucrose, and 4,3-α-glucanotransferase from Lactobacillus fermentum NCC 2970 (4,3-αGT) newly synthesizes the α-1,3 linkages after cleaving the α-1,4 linkages by the glycosyltransferring property. This study focused on the synthesis of high molecular α-1,3/α-1,4-linked glucans by combining NpAS and 4,3-αGT and analyzed their structural and digestive properties...
May 16, 2023: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37144295/real-world-efficacy-and-safety-of-extended-release-methylphenidate-prc-063-in-the-treatment-of-adhd-in-pediatric-and-adult-subjects-results-of-a-phase-iv-multicenter-comparison-with-lisdexamfetamine-dimesylate
#20
MULTICENTER STUDY
Judy van Stralen, Gurdeep Parhar, Anita Parhar, Valérie Tourjman, Sohail Khattak, Tahira Ahmed, Graeme A E Donnelly, Jodan Ratz
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the real-world efficacy, safety, and functional outcomes of PRC-063 (multilayer-release methylphenidate) versus lisdexamfetamine (LDX) in ADHD subjects in a phase IV, open-label study. METHOD: The primary endpoint was the change in the ADHD-DSM-5 Rating Scale (ADHD-5-RS) total score from baseline to Month 4. Secondary endpoints included a non-inferiority comparison between PRC-063 and LDX and measures of functioning and evening behavior. RESULTS: One hundred forty-three pediatric and 112 adult subjects were enrolled...
May 2023: Journal of Attention Disorders
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