Hospital Acquired Infections, ARO

Consistent condom utilization is the key strategy to prevent new HIV strain transmissions among ART users. There are limited evidences on consistent condom utilization among women who are on ART in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among sexually active female ART users from June to August, 2018. Data were collected using a systematic random sampling data collection method. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors for the outcome Results: study indicated that 137(34...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that can readily acquire antibiotic resistance. For instance, methicillin-resistant S. aureus represents a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired bacterial infections. In this chapter, we first provide a detailed protocol for obtaining unbiased and reproducible S. aureus metabolic profiles. The resulting intracellular metabolome is then analyzed in an untargeted manner by using both hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and pentafluorophenyl-propyl columns coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry...

Data concerning intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired bacterial colonization and infections are scarce from low and middle-income countries (LMICs). ICU patients in these settings are at high risk of becoming colonized and infected with antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AROs). We conducted a prospective observational study at the Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Vietnam from November 2014 to January 2016 to assess the ICU-acquired colonization and infections, focusing on the five major pathogens in our setting: Staphylococcus aureus (S...

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial pathogen frequently isolated in both hospital and community environments. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considered a major nosocomial pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to determine the genotypes of MRSA strains isolated from the nares of hospitalized and community patients in Kermanshah Hospital, western Iran, by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)...

The Canadian Consensus Development Conference on Surveillance and Screening for Antimicrobial-Resistant Organisms (AROs) was sponsored by the Alberta Ministry of Health to provide evidence to update policies for ARO screening in acute care settings. A rigorous evidence-based literature review completed before the conference concluded that that neither universal nor targeted screening of patients was associated with a reduction in hospital-acquired ARO colonization, infection, morbidity, or mortality. Leading international clinicians, scientists, academics, policy makers, and administrators presented current evidence and clinical experience, focusing on whether and how hospitals should screen patients for AROs as part of broader ARO control strategies...

BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience frequent hospitalizations and use of immunosuppressive medications, which may predispose them to colonization with antimicrobial-resistant organisms (ARO). OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of ARO colonization on admission to hospital and the incidence of infection during hospitalization among hospitalized IBD patients. METHODS: A chart review comparing the prevalence of colonization and incidence of infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) in hospitalized IBD patients with those of non-IBD controls was performed...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may be at increased risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant organisms (ARO). We sought to determine the prevalence of colonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterobacteriaceae containing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and vancomycin-resistant enterococi (VRE) among ambulatory IBD patients. METHODS: We recruited consecutive IBD patients from clinics (n=306) and 3 groups of non-IBD controls from our colon cancer screening program (n=67), the family medicine clinic (n=190); and the emergency department (n=428) from the same medical center in Toronto...

The world is now being faced with the battle for antimicrobial resistant organisms(ARO), such as MRSA, PRSP, ESBL producing GNR, MDRP and VRSA. These AROs are causing hospital-acquired infections(HAI) by the way of person-to-person transmission. The role of microbiological laboratories in hospitals is quite important in controlling HAI. Firstly, accurate detection of AROs is essential. They have to be proficient in both isolation and detection of AROs. Secondly, they have to return the results rapidly for not only clinicians but infection control team(ICT) to prevent more spread of HAI if an isolated organism is ARO...