Disease resistance

Pituitary tumors present heterogeneous biochemical, clinico-radiological, and histological features. Although histologically benign, a non-negligible number of cases present an unpredictable aggressive behavior with local invasiveness, partial/complete resistance to treatment and/or recurrence after surgery, and, rarely, metastasize, overall leading to a significant increase of morbidity, and, thus, requiring skilled multidisciplinary management in referral Centers. Histopathological diagnosis is essential to stratify cancer patient risk and uniform follow-up among Centers...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by right ventricular failure and diminished cardiac output, potentially leading to renal and bone impairments. In contrast, resistance exercise training (RT) offers cardiovascular and bone health benefits. This study aimed to assess the impacts of stable PAH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) and RT on renal morphometry, as well as bone morphometry and biomechanical properties in male Wistar rats. Four experimental groups, untrained control (UC, n=7), trained control (TC, n=7), untrained hypertensive (UH, n=7), trained hypertensive (TH, n=7), were defined...

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) cause chronic hepatitis with important clinical differences. HCV causes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, while HBV confers increased risk of liver cancer. We hypothesised these differences may be due to virus-specific effects on mitochondrial function. METHODS: Seahorse technology was utilised to investigate effects of virus infection on mitochondrial function. Cell based assays were used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential and quantify pyruvate and lactate...

Clinical cases of three patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, complicated by chronic urinary tract infection are presented in the article. All patients underwent clean intermittent catheterization and, in order to prevent symptomatic lower urinary tract infections, received bacteriophage therapy with a clinically proven positive effect. During 3 months follow-up, there were no episodes of urinary tract infection. A change in the concentration of uropathogens and restoration of sensitivity to a number of antimicrobial drugs were observed...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Over the years, the administration of antibiotics for the purpose of addressing bacterial infections has become increasingly challenging due to the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance exhibited by various strains of bacteria. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial species are rising due to the unavailability of novel antibiotics, leading to higher mortality rates. With these conditions, there is a need for alternatives in which phage therapy has made promising results. Phage-derived endolysins, phage cocktails, and bioengineered phages are effective and have antimicrobial properties against MDR and extensively drug-resistant strains...

BACKGROUND: Pasteurella species are frequently encountered as serious diseases in small ruminants. It is the main cause of respiratory pasteurellosis in sheep and goats of all age groups. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia, to isolate and identify Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica and estimate their prevalence, associated risk factors, and antimicrobial sensitivity of isolates in small ruminants using a purposive sampling method...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious global threat to human and animal health. In the context of antimicrobial usage (AMU) in livestock production, veterinarians are key stakeholders. However, there is a lack of comprehensive situational analysis regarding the current Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) among veterinarians concerning AMU and AMR in poultry production in Nepal. METHODS: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the situation of AMU and KAP regarding AMU and AMR of among poultry practitioner veterinarians in Nepal...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global public health emergency which has seen an uptick in low- to middle-income countries in recent times due to a plethora of aggravating factors and has led to a whole host of setting-specific pathogens registering high rates of resistance, causing outbreaks with graver mortality and morbidity. This review analyzes available literature to determine the causes and effects of ABR and recommend solutions to the problem in a Pakistani setting...

BACKGROUND: The major facilitator superfamily glucose transporters (GLUTs), encoded by solute carrier 2A (SLC2A) genes, mediate the transmembrane movement and uptake of glucose. To satisfy the improved energy demands, glycolysis flux is increased in cancers compared with healthy tissues. Multiple diseases, including cancer, have been associated with GLUTs. Nevertheless, not much research has been done on the functions of SLC2As in pan-cancer prognosis or their clinical treatment potential...

The prevalence of obesity and its primary associated comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, has reached epidemic proportions, with no successful treatment available at present. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a crucial chaperone, plays a key role in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by stabilizing and maintaining sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) activity. Kongensin A (KA), derived from Croton kongensis , inhibits RIP3-mediated necrosis, showing promise as an anti-necrotic and anti-inflammatory agent...

Bacterial infections emerge as a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Emerging extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli strains provide a greater risk of bacteremia and mortality, are increasingly resistant to antibiotics, and are a major producer of ESBLs. E. coli bacteremia-linked mastitis is one of the most common bacterial diseases in animals, which can affect the quality of the milk and damage organ functions. There is an elevated menace of treatment failure and recurrence of E...

Resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant challenge in the treatment of this disease. The mechanisms of resistance are multifactorial and include molecular target alterations and activation of alternative pathways, tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment change, immune evasion, and immunosuppression. Promising strategies for overcoming resistance include the development of combination therapies, understanding the resistance mechanisms to better use novel drug targets, the identification of biomarkers, the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and so on...

Macrophages, the predominant immune cells in the lungs, play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance of the pulmonary immune microenvironment. However, in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and lung cancer, macrophage phenotypes undergo distinct transitions, with M1-predominant macrophages promoting inflammatory damage and M2-predominant macrophages fostering cancer progression. Exosomes, as critical mediators of intercellular signaling and substance exchange, participate in pathological reshaping of macrophages during development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases and lung cancer...

BACKGROUND: Uncovering the roles and characteristics of pathogenesis-related molecules can help us develop novel management methods in parasitology. In this study, we studied the expression levels of Strongyloides stercoralis heat shock protein70 (HSP70) ( Sst-hsp-70 ) and astacin ( Sst-ast ) as pathogenesis-related genes as well as the expression of S. ratti HSP70 and HSP17.1 ( Sra-hsp-70 , Sra-hsp-17.1 ) in the larvae and adult stages of S. stercoralis . METHODS: A hyperinfection isolate of S...

BACKGROUND: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and tannic acid (TA) on Trichomonas vaginalis cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of agents on Vero cells was investigated. METHODS: Trichomonas cells were axenically cultured in TYI-S-33 medium...

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exhibits potent growth-inducing properties across various tissues, while epidermal growth factor (EGF) acts as a molecular integration point for diverse stimuli. HGF plays a crucial role in hepatic metabolism, tissue repair, and offers protective effects on epithelial and non-epithelial organs, in addition to its involvement in reducing apoptosis and inflammation, underscoring its anti-inflammatory capabilities. The HGF-Met system is instrumental in hepatic metabolism and enhancing insulin sensitivity in animal diabetes models...

159 wheat varieties obtained from ICARDA, CYR32, CYR33 and CYR34 were used to evaluate the stripe rust resistance in this study. Seedling resistance was carried out in the green house at the two-leaf stage. Adult-plant resistance was carried out between 2022 and 2023 in Xining and Guide, respectively. A total of 24,151 high-quality SNP loci were obtained from a 55K SNP chip data. Genome-wide association study was carried out between SNP loci and stripe rust resistance. Seedling resistance screening revealed that 91...

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by an excess of adipose tissue, affecting people of all ages. In the last 40 years, the incidence of overweight and obesity almost tripled worldwide. The accumulation of "visceral" adipose tissue increases with aging, leading to several cardio-metabolic consequences: from increased blood pressure to overt arterial hypertension, from insulin-resistance to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and obstructive sleep apnea...