PPG

Class imbalance is a common challenge that is often faced when dealing with classification tasks aiming to detect medical events that are particularly infrequent. Apnoea is an example of such events. This challenge can however be mitigated using class rebalancing algorithms. This work investigated 10 widely used data-level class imbalance mitigation methods aiming towards building a random forest (RF) model that attempts to detect apnoea events from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals acquired from the neck...

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, an age-related disorder characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is recently recognized as a complication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Skeletal muscles play a crucial role in glycemic metabolism, utilizing around 80% of blood glucose. Accordingly, we aimed to explore the relationship between glucose metabolism and muscle mass in T2DM. METHODS: We employed the AWGS 2019 criteria for diagnosing low muscle mass and 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) diabetes diagnostic standards...

Developing a silicone elastomer with high strength, exceptional toughness, good crack tolerance, healability, and recyclability, poses significant challenges due to the inherent trade-offs between these properties. Herein, the design of silicone-based elastomers with a nanoscopic microphase separation structure and comprehensive mechanical properties is achieved by combining bi-incompatible soft segments and multi-scale hydrogen bonds. The formation of multi-scale hydrogen bonds involving urethane, urea, and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) facilitates efficient reversible crosslinking of the synthesized polymer containing thermodynamically incompatible poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG)...

Understanding the profiles of sexual offenders, such as the presence of psychopathic traits, is key to preventing future sexual crimes. The self-report psychopathy-III (SRP-III) is a tool used to assess the characteristics of psychopathy, but improvements on its interpretation are required to maximize its precision. The SRP-III can be interpreted by examining the scores on each of the four facets (interpersonal manipulation, callous affect, erratic lifestyle, antisocial behavior), on each of two factors (factor 1, factor 2), or by examining the total score...

Photoplethysmography (PPG) uses light to detect volumetric changes in blood, and is integrated into many healthcare devices to monitor various physiological measurements. However, an unresolved limitation of PPG is the effect of skin pigmentation on the signal and its impact on PPG based applications such as pulse oximetry. Hence, an in-silico model of the human finger was developed using the Monte Carlo (MC) technique to simulate light interactions with different melanin concentrations in a human finger, as it is the primary determinant of skin pigmentation...

BACKGROUND: Bexagliflozin and dapagliflozin are sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. No direct comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors in a randomized controlled trial has been reported to date. METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial comparing bexagliflozin to dapagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with disease inadequately controlled by metformin. Subjects (n = 406) were randomized to receive bexagliflozin (20 mg) or dapagliflozin (10 mg) plus metformin...

Novel aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) developed with benzyl-based quaternary ammonium salts-deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) were herein proposed. The liquid-liquid equilibrium and the partitioning behavior of pigments in the systems were addressed. The results suggested that the shorter the carbon chain length of the DES, the easier to form two phases. The analysis of mixed samples showed that the selective separation was achieved in the ABSs, including 99.47% of tartrazine in the DES-rich phase and 98...

Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) has been widely accepted as a function-preserving gastrectomy for middle-third early gastric cancer (EGC) with a distal tumor border at least 4 cm proximal to the pylorus. The procedure essentially preserves the function of the pyloric sphincter, which requires to preserve the upper third of the stomach and a pyloric cuff at least 2.5 cm. The suprapyloric and infrapyloric vessels are usually preserved, as are the hepatic and pyloric branches of the vagus nerve. Compared with distal gastrectomy, PPG has significant advantages in preventing dumping syndrome, body weight loss and bile reflux gastritis...

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a novel feature selection technique, using photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, for enhancing the performance of deep learning models in classifying vascular access quality in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved creating a novel feature selection method based on SelectKBest principles, specifically designed to optimize deep learning models for PPG sensor data, in hemodialysis patients. The method effectiveness was assessed by comparing the performance of multiple deep learning models using the feature selection approach versus complete feature set...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy, safety and optimal dose of polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEX168) for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical trials of PEX168 for T2DM were identified in 8 databases, with a build time limit of January 2023. Included studies were subjected to meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). RESULTS: On the efficacy endpoint, the meta-analysis showed that PEX168 100 μg significantly reduced 0...

INTRODUCTION: Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) had reported as a prominent role in the development of cardiometabolic diseases among Asians. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in East Asian population. METHOD: We searched databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase updated to Oct 30th , 2023. We extracted data of BMI, Hypertension, SBP, DBP, T2DM, FBG, PPG, HbA1c, TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C...

Electronic health records, biobanks, and wearable biosensors contain multiple high-dimensional clinical data (HDCD) modalities (e.g., ECG, Photoplethysmography (PPG), and MRI) for each individual. Access to multimodal HDCD provides a unique opportunity for genetic studies of complex traits because different modalities relevant to a single physiological system (e.g., circulatory system) encode complementary and overlapping information. We propose a novel multimodal deep learning method, M-REGLE, for discovering genetic associations from a joint representation of multiple complementary HDCD modalities...

Arterial blood pressure (ABP) and photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms contain valuable clinical information and play a crucial role in cardiovascular health monitoring, medical research, and managing medical conditions. The features extracted from PPG waveforms have various clinical applications ranging from blood pressure monitoring to nociception monitoring, while features from ABP waveforms can be used to calculate cardiac output and predict hypertension or hypotension. In recent years, many machine learning models have been proposed to utilize both PPG and ABP waveform features for these healthcare applications...

Determination of prognosis in the triage process after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is difficult to achieve. Current severity measures like the Trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) and revised trauma score (RTS) rely on additional information from the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) which may be inaccurate or delayed, limiting their usefulness in the rapid triage setting. We hypothesized that machine learning based estimations of GCS and ISS obtained through modeling of continuous vital sign features could be used to rapidly derive an automated RTS and TRISS...

This study describes the synthesis and characterization of triblock copolymers composed of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine]-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine] (PMPC-b-PPG-b-PMPC) intended for, but not limited to, applications in colloidal drug delivery. Atom transfer radical polymerization led to a library of well-defined PMPC-b-PPG-b-PMPC triblock copolymers with varying overall molecular weight (ranging from ∼5 to ∼25 kDa) and composition (weight fraction of the hydrophobic PPG block ranged from ∼10 to ∼50 wt%)...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in thickness of tissues, specifically the pericardium patch graft (PPG) covering the silicone tube in Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: This study included cases with refractory glaucoma that underwent AGV implantation with PPG coverage. Conjunctival epithelium, stroma and PPG thickness covering the tube were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) at 1, 6 and 12 months...

Arterial stiffness (AS) serves as a crucial indicator of arterial elasticity and function, typically requiring expensive equipment for detection. Given the strong correlation between AS and various photoplethysmography (PPG) features, PPG emerges as a convenient method for assessing AS. However, the limitations of independent PPG features hinder detection accuracy. This study introduces a feature selection method leveraging the interactive relationships between features to enhance the accuracy of predicting AS from a single-channel PPG signal...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/3764653.].

OBJECTIVES: Early signs of bleeding are often masked by the physiologic compensatory responses delaying its identification. We sought to describe early physiologic signatures of bleeding during the blood donation process. SETTING: Waveform-level vital sign data including electrocardiography, photoplethysmography (PPG), continuous noninvasive arterial pressure, and respiratory waveforms were collected before, during, and after bleeding. SUBJECTS: Fifty-five healthy volunteers visited blood donation center to donate whole blood...

Non-invasive detection of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is of great clinical value for health screening and intraoperative blood transfusion. However, the accuracy and stability of non-invasive detection still need to be improved to meet clinical requirement. This paper proposes a non-invasive Hb detection method using ensemble extreme learning machine (EELM) regression based on eight-wavelength PhotoPlethysmoGraphic (PPG) signals. Firstly, a mathematical model for non-invasive Hb detection based on the Beer-Lambert law is established...