Pulse oximeter

PURPOSE: Though the finger is generally recommended for pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) monitoring site, its reliability may be compromised in conditions of poor peripheral perfusion. Therefore, we compared the performance of nasal septum SpO2 monitoring with finger SpO2 monitoring relative to simultaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 ) monitoring in generally anesthetized patients. METHODS: In 23 adult patients, comparisons of SpO2 measured at the nasal septum and finger with simultaneous SaO2 were made at four time points during the 90 min study period...

BACKGROUND: The validity of the Apple Watch to measure the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (Spo2 ) for patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hypertension is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the accuracy of the Apple Watch in measuring the Spo2 and HR in patients with chronic diseases. METHODS: Forty-one patients with chronic diseases, including 20 with hypertension, 10 with diabetes, and 11 with dyslipidemia, completed a cross-sectional study...

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by an excessive heart rate (HR) response upon standing and symptoms indicative of inadequate cerebral perfusion. We tested the hypothesis that during lower body negative pressure (LBNP), individuals with POTS would have larger decreases in cardiac and cerebrovascular function measured using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Eleven patients with POTS and 10 healthy controls were studied at rest and during 20 min of -25 mmHg LBNP. Biventricular volumes, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Qc), and HR were determined by cardiac MR...

Photoplethysmography is a non-invasive optical technique that measures changes in blood volume within tissues. It is commonly and being increasingly used for a variety of research and clinical applications to assess vascular dynamics and physiological parameters. Yet, contrary to heart rate variability measures, a field which has seen the development of stable standards and advanced toolboxes and software, no such standards and limited open tools exist for continuous photoplethysmogram (PPG) analysis. Consequently, the primary objective of this research was to identify, standardize, implement and validate key digital PPG biomarkers...

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation and quarantine have become commonplace across the world. IoT health monitoring solutions eliminate the need for regular doctor visits and interactions among patients and medical personnel. Many patients in wards or intensive care units require continuous monitoring of their health. Continuous patient monitoring is a hectic practice in hospitals with limited staff; in a pandemic situation like COVID-19, it becomes much more difficult practice when hospitals are working at full capacity and there is still a risk of medical workers being infected...

IMPORTANCE: Pulse oximetry, a ubiquitous vital sign in modern medicine, has inequitable accuracy that disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic patients, with associated increases in mortality, organ dysfunction, and oxygen therapy. Although the root cause of these clinical performance discrepancies is believed to be skin tone, previous retrospective studies used self-reported race or ethnicity as a surrogate for skin tone. OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of objectively measured skin tone in explaining pulse oximetry discrepancies...

Large data sets from electronic health records (EHR) have been used in journal articles to demonstrate race-based imprecision in pulse oximetry (SpO2 ) measurements. These articles do not appear to recognize the impact of the variability of the SpO2 values with respect to time ("deviation time"). This manuscript seeks to demonstrate that due to this variability, EHR data should not be used to quantify SpO2 error. Using the MIMIC-IV Waveform dataset, SpO2 values are sampled from 198 patients admitted to an intensive care unit and used as reference samples...

BACKGROUND: Fingertip pulse oximeters are widely available, inexpensive, and commonly used to make clinical decisions in many settings. Device performance is largely unregulated and poorly characterised, especially in people with dark skin pigmentation. METHODS: Eleven popular fingertip pulse oximeters were evaluated using the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance (2013) and International Organization for Standardization Standards (ISO, 2017) in 34 healthy humans with diverse skin pigmentation utilising a controlled desaturation study with arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2) plateaus between 70% and 100%...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

SIGNIFICANCE: Many researchers have attempted to estimate blood glucose levels (BGLs) noninvasively using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. However, the optical absorption change induced by blood glucose is weak in the NIR region and often masked by interference from other components such as water and hemoglobin. AIM: Instead of using direct optical absorption by glucose, this study proposes an index calculated from oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin signals that shows a good correlation with BGLs while using conventional visible and NIR spectroscopy...

BACKGROUND: Pulse oximetry uses noninvasive optical measurements of light transmission from each of two sources through vascularised living tissue over the cardiac cycle (SpO2 ). From those measurements, the relative amount of oxygenated haemoglobin (SaO2 ) in circulating blood can be deduced. Recent reports have shown that, compared with SaO2 measurements from blood samples, SpO2 measurements are biased erroneously high for patients with dark skin. METHODS: We developed a new method, spectrally resolved photoplethysmography (srPPG), to examine how spectral bandwidth affects the transmission of polychromatic light through the fingertip across the cardiac cycle...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although medical pulse oximeters are considered effective for endodontic diagnoses, the method remains uncommon in current dental practice. The aim of the present scoping review was to investigate clinical factors that exert a negative impact on the use of pulse oximeters in dental practice. METHODS: This study followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the protocol was prospectively registered in the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10...

The monitoring of oxygen therapy when patients are admitted to medical and surgical wards could be important because exposure to excessive oxygen administration (EOA) may have fatal consequences. We aimed to investigate the association between EOA, monitored by wireless pulse oximeter, and nonfatal serious adverse events (SAEs) and mortality within 30 days. We included patients in the Capital Region of Copenhagen between 2017 and 2018. Patients were hospitalized due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) or after major elective abdominal cancer surgery, and all were treated with oxygen supply...

Background and Objectives : The COVID-19 outbreak has necessitated the prolonged use of N95 facemasks in addition to traditional surgical facemasks by healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing N95 facemasks in addition to surgical facemasks on peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) and heart rate (HR) among dental professionals during routine care. Materials and Methods : This prospective study compared SpO2 and HR between dental providers wearing N95 + surgical facemasks vs...

Video-based peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) estimation, utilizing solely RGB cameras, offers a non-contact approach to measuring blood oxygen levels. Previous studies set a stable and unchanging environment as the premise for non-contact blood oxygen estimation. Additionally, they utilized a small amount of labeled data for system training and learning. However, it is challenging to train optimal model parameters with a small dataset. The accuracy of blood oxygen detection is easily affected by ambient light and subject movement...

BACKGROUND: Dental anxiety is very much common among the patients and could be due to different factors like the behavior of the dentist, past experiences, Needle phobia, or word of mouth from other patients. According to recent studies, a strong association between sound and anxiety has been found, so this observational study has been conducted to find out the link between the activation of anxiety with the sound of a handpiece between experienced patients, who have already gone through the dental treatments and non-experienced patients...

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that leads to severe acute respiratory syndrome and various cardiorespiratory complications, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Entropy analysis has demonstrated its ability to monitor physiological states and system dynamics during health and disease. The main objective of the study is to extract information about cardiorespiratory control by conducting a complexity analysis of OSV signals using scale-based entropy measures following a two-month timeframe after recovery...

BACKGROUND: The ulnar and radial arteries are the major source of blood supply in the hand, as they form the superficial and deep palmar arches. Arterial hand circulation is one of the most complicated arterial trees and connections in the body, with tremendous variations in its structure. This study aimed to evaluate whether the ulnar artery or radial artery is the dominant artery in hand circulation among plastic surgery patients at King Khalid University Hospital and to correlate the arterial hand dominance with handedness and gender...

BACKGROUND: Pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) is an estimate of true arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 ). The aim of this review was to evaluate available evidence determining the effect of skin tone on the ability of pulse oximeters to accurately estimate SaO2 . METHODS: Published literature was screened to identify clinical and non-clinical studies enrolling adults and children when SpO2 was compared with a paired co-oximetry SaO2 value. We searched literature databases from their inception to March 20, 2023...

Dental anxiety is a common problem encountered in dental clinics that affects both patients and dentists. Adequate management of dental anxiety is critical for optimal treatment outcomes for the patient. This study aims to assess the efficacy of two anxiety-reduction techniques (iatrosedation and music listening) for dental crown preparation in adult patients. In this clinical trial, 60 patients were randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1, iatrosedation; Group 2, music listening; and Group 3, control. Patients in all three groups underwent dental crown preparation...