Dog and dialysis

Orosomucoid polymorphisms influence plasma drug binding in humans; however, canine variants and their effect on drug plasma protein binding have not yet been reported. In this study, the orosomucoid gene (ORM1) was sequenced in 100 dogs to identify the most common variant and its allele frequency determined in 1,464 dogs (from 64 breeds and mixed-breed dogs). Plasma protein binding extent of amitriptyline, indinavir, verapamil, and lidocaine were evaluated by equilibrium dialysis using plasma from ORM1 genotyped dogs (n = 12)...

INTRODUCTION: Capnocytophaga spp. is a slow-growing bacterium that forms a part of the normal oral flora of dogs and cats. In peritoneal dialysis, only seven cases have been reported. We report the observation of a case of peritonitis with Capnocytophaga spp. in a patient on peritoneal dialysis who lives with a cat. CASE REPORT: A 64-year-old woman with chronic end stage renal disease due to chronic interstitial nephropathy on automated peritoneal dialysis has been admitted for diffuse abdominal pain...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: No therapy is approved for vascular calcification or calcific uraemic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis), which increases mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing dialysis. Deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals in arterial walls is the common pathophysiologic mechanism. The mechanism of action of SNF472 to reduce HAP deposition in arterial walls was investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We examined SNF472 binding features (affinity, release kinetics and antagonism type) for HAP crystals in vitro, inhibition of calcification in excised vascular smooth muscle cells from rats and bone parameters in osteoblasts from dogs and rats...

A treatment for hyperphosphatemia would be expected to reduce mortality rates for CKD and dialysis patients. Although rodent studies have suggested sodium-dependent phosphate transporter type IIb (NaPi-IIb) as a potential target for hyperphosphatemia, NaPi-IIb selective inhibitors failed to achieve efficacy in human clinical trials. In this study, we analyzed phosphate metabolism in rats, dogs, and monkeys to confirm the species differences. Factors related to phosphate metabolism were measured and intestinal phosphate absorption rate was calculated from fecal excretion in each species...

Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) is a type of kidney replacement therapy commonly prescribed in veterinary medicine for cases of drug removal, fluid, acid-base, and electrolyte disorders, acute kidney injury, and cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in uremic crisis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intermittent hemodialysis in dogs with IRIS stage 4 CKD in contrast to dogs treated only with standard medical management, without dialysis, to improve their quality of life. Twenty-five dogs previously diagnosed with IRIS stage 4 CKD were selected for the study according to the inclusion criteria...

R-/S-2-(2-hydroxypropanamido)-5-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid (R-/S-HFBA) is a novel COX inhibitor with remarkable anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation activities, but no gastrointestinal toxicity. In our previous study, the different pharmacokinetic profiles of the two enantiomers in rats were observed after administration of R-HFBA and S-HFBA. Stereoselective protein binding of the two enantiomers may be a reason for the different pharmacokinetic behaviors. In this study, we developed and validated an UPLC-MS/MS method for determining stereoselective binding of HFBA enantiomers to rat, dog, and human plasma in vitro...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dogs treated with hemodialysis for severe metaldehyde intoxication and to compare them with conventionally-managed patients. DESIGN: Retrospective study (2012-2017). SETTING: University teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Data from 18 dogs with severe metaldehyde intoxication were analyzed. Eleven dogs were treated with intermittent hemodialysis and 7 managed conventionally. INTERVENTIONS: None...

Non-permanent central venous catheters (CVCs), are the most commonly used vascular access in veterinary patients undergoing hemodialysis. In human dialysis patients, CVC infection represents a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial colonization of CVCs in dogs submitted to hemodialysis treatment at time of CVC removal. The CVCs of all dogs submitted to hemodialysis (n = 23) at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital ''Mario Modenato'' of the University of Pisa between January 2015 and December 2016 were considered...

Thiazolidinediones are known for their activity against Type 2 diabetes and are currently being repurposed for their potent anti-cancer activity. In the present study, we have assessed in vitro metabolic properties and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of a novel thiazolidinedione derivative, BIT-15-67, a potential anticancer compound. BIT-15-67 showed low solubility in aqueous buffers at different pH values. The permeability was determined across the Caco-2 monolayer and BIT-15-67 showed high permeability and an efflux ratio of less than 2 suggesting that it is not a substrate of the efflux transporters (P-gp & BCRP)...

Drug binding to plasma proteins is routinely determined during drug development. Albumin polymorphisms c.1075G>T (p.Ala359Ser) and c.1422A>T (p.Glu474Asp) were previously shown to alter plasma protein binding of a drug candidate (4-[1-[3-chloro-4-[n'-(2-methylphenyI)ureido]phenylacetyI]-(45)-fluoro-(2S)-pyrroIidine-2-yl]methoxybenzoic acid, D01-4582) in a colony of Beagles. Our study investigated the hypothesis that drug-protein binding in plasma from dogs with albumin H1 (reference) allele would be greater than in plasma from albumin H2 allele dogs (c...

1. The objective of this study was to clarify the species differences of pharmacokinetics of Y101 (N-[N-benzoyl-O-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-l-tyrosyl]-l-phenylalaninol hydrochloride), a derivative of herbal ingredient with anti-HBV hepatitis activity, in rats, dogs, monkeys and humans. 2. The metabolic stability and metabolite identification studies using liver microsomes in vitro , plasma protein binding using a rapid equilibrium dialysis in vitro , pharmacokinetic studies in vivo were carried out to evaluate the interspecies differences...

N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxiymethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl-4-(3-chloro-4-methoxy-benzylamino)-5-pyrimidine-carboxamide (NHPPC) is a new potential of type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibitors, synthesized from the avanafil analogue for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The targets of this article were to assess plasma protein binding, liver microsomal metabolic stability, inhibition and induction on cytochrome P450 isozymes and the pharmacokinetics of NHPPC. Equilibrium dialysis technique was applied to determine Plasma protein binding (PPB) and NHPPC was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs in vivo pharmacokinetic...

BACKGROUND: Bacterial peritonitis is a serious complication of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although the identification of causative organisms and use of appropriate antibiotics are essential for treatment, rare and fastidious bacteria are sometimes difficult to detect by conventional biochemical assays. Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious and slow-growing bacterium that forms a part of the normal oral flora of dogs and cats and is extremely rare as a peritonitis-causing organism...

Introduction: Combined therapies utilizing inhibitors to remove pathogens are needed to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontal disease. We prepared a novel, multi-agent delivery scaffold for periodontal treatment. Methods: In this study, we synthesized SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) drug-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-caprolactone copolymer via dialysis method. The physical property of micelles was characterized through dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy...

We report a case of a 60-year-old Caucasian man with a history of alcohol excess who presented to the emergency department with a 72-hour history of abdominal pain, profuse diarrhoea and vomiting. He was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) 12 hours later in extremis with severe sepsis and multiorgan failure. Collateral history from the patient on admission to ICU identified that he had been bitten by a dog 3 days prior to his symptom onset. Provisional microscopy and Gram staining from peripheral blood cultures taken on admission revealed the presence of long, thin Gram-negative bacilli in the anaerobic bottle only...

BACKGROUND: Schipperkes develop bilaterally symmetrical alopecia preceded by lightening of the hair coat not associated with systemic clinical signs. The alopecia is presumptively diagnosed as Alopecia X but has never been investigated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe clinical features, histopathological and laboratory abnormalities associated with symmetrical, noninflammatory alopecia in schipperkes. ANIMALS: Three healthy and eight affected schipperkes...

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous fistulae can restrict daily living behaviors involving the upper limbs in hemodialysis patients, but no studies have investigated the detailed effects of an arteriovenous fistula on routine life activities. Accordingly, many medical caregivers are unable to explain the effects of an arteriovenous fistula on daily life, particularly during non-dialysis periods, because they cannot observe them directly. METHODS: Thirty outpatients undergoing hemodialysis at 2 facilities scored the difficulty due to an arteriovenous fistula in performing 48 living behaviors during non-dialysis and 10 behaviors during dialysis into 5 grades in a comprehensive questionnaire survey...

BACKGROUND: There are as many as 300,000 visits to the emergency department in the USA with animal bites every year. The most common infection after cat or dog bite is with Pasteurella Multocida. Many people infected will also have long-term central venous access for dialysis or for other reasons. No prior reports or guidelines exist regarding the management of P. multocida bacteremia due to line infection or bacteremia in the presence of long-term central venous access. We describe the successful treatment of an individual with P...

Eurycoma longifolia is one of the commonly consumed herbal preparations and its major chemical compound, eurycomanone, has been described to have antimalarial, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, and cytotoxic activities. Today, the consumption of E. longifolia is popular through the incorporation of its extract in food items, most frequently in drinks such as tea and coffee. In the current study, the characterisation of the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) attributes of eurycomanone were conducted via a series of in vitro and in vivo studies in rats and mice...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate prognostic models in a cohort of dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute on chronic kidney disease (AKI/CKD) managed by hemodialysis. DESIGN: Retrospective study from July 2011 to November 2014. SETTING: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. ANIMALS: Forty dogs with historical, clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings consistent with AKI or AKI/CKD managed with intermittent hemodialysis were included...