Hepatitis autoimmune

Background: Liver fibrosis is an important clinical endpoint of progression of autoimmune liver disease (AILD); its monitoring would benefit from noninvasive imaging tools. Objective: To assess the relationship between MR elastography (MRE) liver stiffness measurements and histologic liver fibrosis, as well as to evaluate the performance of MRE and biochemical-based clinical markers for stratifying histologic liver fibrosis severity, in children and young adults with AILD. Methods: This retrospective study used an existing institutional registry of children and young adults diagnosed with AILD [primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), ASC (autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis), or AIH (autoimmune hepatitis)]...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) increases the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relative risk of CKD associated with increasing hepatic fibrosis, and consequent mortality risk, remains underexplored in real-world cohorts. In this study, we sought to establish whether hepatic fibrosis is associated with increased CKD risk and explore differences in mortality risk in a cohort of people living with MASLD, contingent on liver fibrosis and CKD status...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between liver fibrosis and inflammation and Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) other than hepatitis C remains uncertain, owing to the limitations of qualitative methods. Here, we evaluated the influence of liver fibrosis and inflammation on quantitative M2BPGi (M2BPGi-Qt) in CLD, considering each etiology. METHODS: We recruited 1373 patients with CLD. To evaluate the influence of liver fibrosis and inflammation on M2BPGi-Qt levels, we assessed M2BPGi-Qt levels at each fibrosis and activity stage within different etiologies of CLD based on pathological findings...

Autoimmune liver diseases are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the glucose-regulatory disturbances in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH, n=19), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n=15), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC, n=6). Healthy individuals (n=24) and patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, n=18) were included as controls. Blood samples were collected during a 120 min oral glucose tolerance test...

PURPOSE: This review examined existing literature to determine various ocular manifestations of liver pathologies, with a focus on metabolic deficiencies as well as viral and immune liver conditions. METHODS: Recent data were compiled from PubMed from 2000 to 2020 using keywords that were relevant to the assessed pathologies. Ocular presentations of several liver pathologies were researched and then summarized in a comprehensive form. RESULTS: Several ocular manifestations of liver disease were related to vitamin A deficiency, as liver disease is associated with impaired vitamin A homeostasis...

Background Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) offers the opportunity to decrease waitlist time and mortality for patients with AILD; autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We compared the survival of patients with a potential live donor (pLDLT) on the waitlist vs. no potential live donor (pDDLT), on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis. Methods Our retrospective cohort study investigated adults with AILD listed for liver transplant at our program between 2000 and 2021...

Liver disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide. All chronic liver diseases (CLDs), whether of toxic, genetic, autoimmune, or infectious origin, undergo typical histological changes in the structure of the tissue. These changes may include the accumulation of extracellular matrix material, fats, triglycerides, or tissue scarring. Noninvasive methods for diagnosing CLD, such as conventional B-mode ultrasound (US), play a significant role in diagnosis. Doppler US, when coupled with B-mode US, can be helpful in evaluating the hemodynamics of hepatic vessels and detecting US findings associated with hepatic decompensation...

A complex interaction among virulence factors, host-genes and host immune system is considered to be responsible for dengue virus (DENV) infection and disease progression. Generation of auto-antibodies during DENV infection is a major phenomenon that plays a role in the pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hemostasis, thrombocytopenia, hepatic endothelial dysfunction, and autoimmune blistering skin disease (pemphigus) are different clinical manifestations of dengue pathogenesis; produced due to the molecular mimicry of DENV proteins with self-antigens like coagulation factors, platelets and endothelial cell proteins...

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease that currently lacks feasible drug treatment methods. Our study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of succinic acid against AIH and provide a reliable method for the clinical treatment of AIH. We performed an in vivo study of the effects of succinic acid on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury in mice. We examined liver transaminase levels, performed hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and observed apoptotic phenotypes in mice...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune-mediated disease that, in addition to the articular involvement, can have extra-articular manifestations. Even though liver damage in RA is not very common, associated autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) may occur. The most common AILD associated with RA is primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), followed by autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). There are common underlying mechanisms that play a role in the emergence of autoimmunity and inflammation in both rheumatic and autoimmune liver diseases...

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy and multifactorial disease caused by inappropriate immune responses to gluten in the small intestine. Weight loss, anemia, osteoporosis, arthritis, and hepatitis are among the extraintestinal manifestations of active CD. Currently, a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only safe, effective, and available treatment. Despite the social burden, high expenses, and challenges of following a GFD, 2 to 5 percent of patients do not demonstrate clinical or pathophysiological improvement...

INTRODUCTION: Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are pivotal for inhibition of autoimmunity. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology where contribution of Tregs is still unclear. Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway critically modifies functions of Tregs. In PSC, we studied activation of STAT proteins and Treg functions in response to cytokines. METHODS: In 51 patients with PSC, 10 disease controls (chronic replicative hepatitis C), and 36 healthy controls we analyzed frequencies of Foxp3+ CD25+ CD127low CD4+ Tregs, their expression of ectonucleotidase CD39, and cytokine-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, 3, 5, and 6 using phospho-flow cytometry...

BACKGROUND: Repeated episodes of jaundice and pruritus are common in a group of autosomal recessive liver diseases known as benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is divided into two types, type 1 and type 2, and is caused by mutations in the ATP8B1 and ABCB11 genes. Here, we report a rare case of BRIC type 2 mutation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old Chinese man had three frequent episodes of jaundice marked by extensive excoriation and severe pruritis, although he had no prior history of jaundice...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by destructive lymphocytic cholangitis and specific anti-mitochondrial antibodies. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been reported to play a role in liver homeostasis and autoimmunity. METHODS: We evaluated the features of peripheral ILC1s and ILC3 in patients with PBC and hepatic ILC1 and ILC3 in two different PBC mouse models (dominant-negative transforming growth factor-beta receptor II [dnTGFβRII] and 2-octynoic acid-bovine serum albumin [2OA-BSA])...

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BACKGROUND: Paediatric-onset immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (pIMID) show more aggressive phenotypes than when diagnosed in adults. However, data on mortality are often extrapolated from adult studies. AIM: To estimate the effect of pIMID on mortality. METHODS: In a population-based cohort study using the nationwide Danish healthcare registers, we included all patients diagnosed with pIMID in Denmark from 1980 to 2018. PIMID were defined as ICD codes indicative of autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, lupus erythematosus, or vasculitis registered before age 18 years...

Interleukin-41 (IL-41) is a newly discovered cytokine, named Cometin, Subfatin, meteorin-like transcription (Metrnl), and so forth. It is widely expressed in animals and can exert its biological roles through autocrine and paracrine forms. It has functions such as anti-inflammatory, improving body metabolism, regulating immunity, regulating fat metabolism and participates in the process of autoimmune disease or inflammatory injury. It plays an important role in psoriasis, diabetes, Crohn's disease (CD), osteoarthritis, Kawasaki disease (KD), Graves' disease, autoimmune hepatitis, infertility, obesity, sepsis, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases...

Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed...

Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components within the liver leads to a pathological condition known as liver fibrosis. Alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune issues, and viral hepatitis cause chronic liver injury. Exploring potential therapeutic targets and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis are essential for the development of effective interventions. The goal of this comprehensive review is to explain how the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway contributes to the reduction of liver fibrosis...

In recent years, immunosuppressants have shown significant success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop additional immunosuppressants that offer more options for patients. Toosendanin has been shown to have immunosuppressive activity in vitro as well as effects on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in vivo. Toosendanin did not induce apoptosis in activated T-cells but did affect the survival rate of naive T-cells. Toosendanin did not affect the expression of CD25 or secretion of IL-2 by activated T-cells, and not affect the expression of IL-4 and INF-γ...