CRRN

In studying secondary structural propensities of proteins by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, secondary chemical shifts (SCSs) serve as the primary atomic scale observables. For SCS calculation, the selection of an appropriate random coil chemical shift (RCCS) dataset is a crucial step, especially when investigating intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). The scientific literature is abundant in such datasets, however, the effect of choosing one over all the others in a concrete application has not yet been studied thoroughly and systematically...

Reduced lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO ) at rest and increased ventilation ( ⩒ E )-carbon dioxide output ( ⩒ CO2 ) during exercise are frequent findings in dyspneic smokers with largely preserved FEV1 . It remains unclear whether low DLCO and high ⩒ E - ⩒ CO2 are mere reflections of alveolar destruction (i.e. emphysema) or impaired pulmonary perfusion in non-emphysematous tissue contributes to these functional abnormalities. Sixty-four smokers (41 males, FEV1 = 84 ± 13%predicted) underwent pulmonary function tests, an incremental exercise test, and quantitative chest computed tomography...

Objective: To determine if low resting basal AM cortisol and flat diurnal cortisol slope that has been reported in female abuse victims, which is dysregulated in the same way in female violent perpetrators, could be corrected and if healthier diurnal cortisol patterns are associated with less aggression in adult female victims. Design and Methods: A non-experimental, naturalistic study evaluated if bio-behavioral rehabilitation could occur for females living in a Delaware homeless mission and participating in their programs...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The combination of both reduced resting diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO ) and ventilatory efficiency (increased ventilatory requirement for CO2 clearance [V˙E /V˙CO2 ]) has been linked to exertional dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The current study examined if low resting DLCO and higher exercise ventilatory requirements were associated with earlier critical dynamic mechanical constraints, dyspnoea and exercise limitation in patients with mild COPD...

Surface mount technology (SMT) is a process for producing printed-circuit boards. The solder paste printer (SPP), package mounter, and solder reflow oven are used for SMT. The board on which the solder paste is deposited from the SPP is monitored by the solder paste inspector (SPI). If SPP malfunctions due to the printer defects, the SPP produces defective products, and then abnormal patterns are detected by SPI. In this article, we propose a convolutional recurrent reconstructive network (CRRN), which decomposes the anomaly patterns generated by the printer defects, from SPI data...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if altered central chemoreceptor characteristics contributed to the elevated ventilation relative to carbon dioxide production (V̇E /V̇CO2 ) response during exercise in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Twenty-nine mild COPD and 19 healthy age-matched control participants undertook lung function testing followed by symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)...

Assessment of dyspnoea severity during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has long been hampered by the lack of reference ranges as a function of work rate (WR) and ventilation ( V' E ). This is particularly relevant to cycling, a testing modality which overtaxes the leg muscles leading to a heightened sensation of leg discomfort.Reference ranges based on dyspnoea percentiles (0-10 Borg scale) at standardised work rates and V' E were established in 275 apparently healthy subjects aged 20-85 years (131 men)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary factors contributing to exercise intolerance. The primary self-reported exercise-limiting symptom may reflect the primary pathophysiological factor contributing to exercise intolerance. We compared physiological and perceptual responses at the symptom-limited peak of incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing between people with COPD reporting breathlessness (B, n = 34), leg discomfort (LD, n = 16), or a combination of B and LD (BOTH, n = 42) as their main exercise-limiting symptom(s)...

This randomized, double-blind, crossover study aimed to determine if acute treatment with inhaled bronchodilators, by improving regional lung hyperinflation and ventilation distribution, would reduce dead space-to-tidal volume ratio (VD /VT ); thus contributing to improved exertional dyspnea in COPD. Twenty COPD patients (FEV1  = 50 ± 15% predicted; mean ± SD) performed pulmonary function tests and symptom-limited constant-work rate exercise at 75% peak-work rate (with arterialized capillary blood gases) after nebulized bronchodilator (BD; ipratropium 0...

BACKGROUND: The literature is scarce regarding the prevalence and clinical impact of IgG subclass deficiency in COPD. We investigated the prevalence of IgG subclass deficiencies and their association with exacerbations and hospitalizations using subjects from two COPD cohorts. METHODS: We measured IgG subclass levels using immunonephelometry in serum samples from participants enrolled in two previous COPD trials: Macrolide Azithromycin for Prevention of Exacerbations of COPD (MACRO; n = 976) and Simvastatin for the Prevention of Exacerbations in Moderate-to-Severe COPD (STATCOPE; n = 653)...

This randomized, double-blind, crossover study examined the physiological rationale for using a dual long-acting bronchodilator (umeclidinium/vilanterol (UME/VIL)) versus its muscarinic-antagonist component (UME) as treatment for dyspnea and exercise intolerance in moderate COPD. After each 4-week treatment period, subjects performed pulmonary function and symptom-limited constant-work rate cycling tests with diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi), esophageal (Pes), gastric (Pga) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressure measurements...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - an inflammatory disease of the airways, alveoli and lung microvasculature - is a leading cause of death worldwide. Smokers with milder airway obstruction constitute the majority of patients with this disease. Many studies have shown increased morbidity, activity-related dyspnea, exercise intolerance and mortality in such patients, compared with age-matched healthy populations. Clinical evaluation of symptomatic smokers with ostensibly mild airway obstruction poses a challenge in clinical practice as spirometry can obscure extensive heterogeneous pathophysiological impairment...

Smokers with minor spirometric abnormalities can experience persistent activity-related dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Additional resting tests can expose heterogeneous physiological abnormalities, but their relevance and association with clinical outcomes remain uncertain. Subjects included sixty-two smokers (≥20 pack-years), with cough and/or dyspnea and minor airway obstruction [forced expiratory volume in one-second (FEV1 ) ≥80% predicted and >5th percentile lower limit of normal (LLN) (i.e., z-score >-1...

Exertional dyspnea is present across the spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. However, without realizing it themselves, patients may decrease daily physical activity to avoid distressing respiratory sensations. Dyspnea also may be associated with deconditioning. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing can uncover exertional dyspnea and its physiological determinants in patients with preserved or only mildly reduced FEV1 . Dyspnea in mild COPD can largely be explained by increased "wasted" ventilation in the physiological dead space, which heightens the drive to breathe and worsens the inspiratory mechanical constraints...

Pediatric rehabilitation nurses specialize in providing care and services to children and adolescents with disabilities. Although few formal education experiences exist, there are a myriad of opportunities to gain the knowledge, skills, and expertise to provide the care that yields the most benefit to this population. Certification recognizes the nurse's proficiency and excellence in a specialty practice area. Examples of certification options for pediatric rehabilitation nurses include Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN), Registered Nurse Certification in Developmental Disabilities (CDDN), Certified Pediatric Nurse (CPN), Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), and Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (CPNP)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN) certification has become a visible and coveted credential for the practicing rehabilitation nurse. This article presents practical information about preparing for and taking the CRRN examination. Strategies for implementing a study plan and organizing information to increase retention are suggested. In addition, this article offers recommendations for decreasing test anxiety and increasing confidence in test taking.