New treatments

The pathophysiology of aortic valve diseases is of predominantly degenerative nature, characterized by calcific aortic valve stenosis, which is associated with a reduction in prognosis. The prevalence of aortic valve insufficiency also increases with advancing age. Timely causal treatment is crucial in the management of aortic valve diseases. Following the indication for intervention, the heart team plays a central role in evaluating the results and making therapeutic decisions that consider the patient's preferences...

To investigate the in vivo and in situ effect of different types of lasers in prevention of enamel demineralization in high caries risk cases (around orthodontic brackets, around restoration and in caries susceptible pits and fissures). PubMed was searched using the following keyword sequence; (Laser therapy OR laser irradiation OR laser application) AND (enamel caries prevention OR enamel demineralization OR enamel remineralization OR early enamel caries OR early-enamel caries OR enamel resistance OR enamel decalcification OR white spot lesions WSLs OR incipient lesion OR enamel decay OR enamel Dissolution OR enamel microhardness) AND (clinical trial OR Randomized clinical trial OR In situ study)...

RATIONALE: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) significantly impairs the quality of life for those affected. While the exact causes of MDD are not fully understood, the deficit of monoamines, especially serotonin and noradrenaline, is widely accepted. Resistance to long-term treatments and adverse effects are often observed, highlighting the need for new pharmacological therapies. Synthetic organic compounds containing selenium have exhibited pharmacological properties, including potential antidepressant effects...

BACKGROUND: Necroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer initiation and progression. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of necroptosis-related lncRNAs in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is so far unknown and needs to be explored further. METHODS: Clinical and genomic data were obtained from the UCSC Xena database. All STS patients' subclusters were performed by unsupervised consensus clustering method based on the prognosis-specific lncRNAs, and then assessed their survival advantage and immune infiltrates...

PURPOSE: Lutetium-177 [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (RLT) represents a significant advancement for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), demonstrating improvements in radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) with a low rate of associated side effects. Currently, most post-therapy SPECT/CT is conducted at 24 h after infusion. This study examines the clinical utility of a next-generation multi-detector Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) SPECT/CT system (StarGuide) in same-day post-infusion assessment and early treatment response to [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint disease which can result in chronic pain and disability. The current interventions available for KOA often fail to provide long-lasting effects, highlighting the need for new treatment options that can offer durable benefits. Previous studies have suggested the efficacy of acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with its durability remaining uncertain. In this review, we aimed to investigate the durability of the efficacy after completion of treatment...

Because of their high specificity, high affinity, and targeting, antibody drugs have been widely used in the treatment of many diseases and have become the most favored new drugs for research in the world. However, some antibody drugs (such as small-molecule antibody fragments) have a short half-life and need to be administered frequently, and are often associated with injection-site reactions and local toxicities during use. Increasing attention has been paid to the development of antibody drugs that are long-acting and have fewer side effects...

One of the trending fields in almost all areas of science and technology is artificial intelligence. Computational biology and artificial intelligence can help gene therapy in many steps including: gene identification, gene editing, vector design, development of new macromolecules and modeling of gene delivery. There are various tools used by computational biology and artificial intelligence in this field, such as genomics, transcriptomic and proteomics data analysis, machine learning algorithms and molecular interaction studies...

The mechanisms causing new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) are often unknown. Recently, a seasonal variation with NORSE peaking during the summer was described in a mixed cohort of adults and children why we here studied the seasonal variation in a Danish status epilepticus (SE) cohort. This retrospective cohort study comprised SE patients aged ≥18 diagnosed and treated 2008-2017 at the Odense University Hospital. Clinical characteristics and seasonality of patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for NORSE were compared with patients with refractory SE (RSE) due to other reasons and with the seasonal variation of autoantibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis in the Danish autoimmune encephalitis register...

The application of microbiome-based therapies in various areas of human disease has recently increased. In chronic respiratory disease, microbiome-based clinical applications are considered compelling options due to the limitations of current treatments. The lung microbiome is ecologically dynamic and affected by various conditions, and dysbiosis is associated with disease severity, exacerbation, and phenotype as well as with chronic respiratory disease endotype. However, it is not easy to directly modulate the lung microbiome...

Modern radiotherapy techniques have advanced and become more sophisticated. End-to-end 3D verification of the complex radiotherapy dose distribution in an anthropomorphic phantom can ensure the accuracy of the treatment delivery. The phantoms commonly used for dosimetry are homogeneous solid water phantom which lacks the capability to measure the 3D dose distribution for heterogeneous tissues necessary for advanced radiotherapy techniques. Therefore, we developed an end-to-end 3D radiotherapy dose verification system based on MAX-HD anthropomorphic phantom (Integrated Medical Technologies Inc...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: What is new? Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D) individuals. Of the major risk factors for CVD, less than 10% of T2D people meet the American Diabetes Association/American Heart Association recommended goals of therapy. The present review examines how much of the absolute cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes patients can be explained by major CV intervention trials. RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple long-term cardiovascular (CV) intervention trials have examined the effect of specific target-directed therapies on the MACE endpoint...

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma (SNMM) is a rare but aggressive disease. Surgery with free margins, when feasible, is the treatment of choice. In the last three decades, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as a local ablative procedure, performed with the Cliniporator, for cutaneous and mucosal tumours of different histology. We present a case report of an ECT treatment performed by means of a new endoscopic electrode, on an elderly patient affected by primary SNMM. METHODS: An 88-year-old man with a diagnosis of SNMM (cT4aN0M0)-Stage IV, of the left nasal fossa presented at our institution...

Early recognition of bloodstream infection (BSI) in infants can be difficult, as symptoms may be non-specific, and culture can take up to 48 h. As a result, many infants receive unneeded antibiotic treatment while awaiting the culture results. In this study, we aimed to develop a model that can reliably identify infants who do not have positive blood cultures (and, by extension, BSI) based on the full blood count (FBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values. Several models (i.e. multivariable logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis, K nearest neighbors, support vector machine, random forest model and decision tree) were trained using FBC and CRP values of 2693 infants aged 7 to 60 days with suspected BSI between 2005 and 2022 in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Dublin, Ireland...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common serious complication of very preterm infants (VPI) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Studies implicate viral infections in etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to summarize the relationship between viral infections and BPD through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Database on December 19, 2023. We included observational studies that examined the association between viral infections and BPD in preterm infants...

OBJECTIVE: Determination of the real-world performance of a health care system in the treatment of status epilepticus (SE). METHODS: Prospective, multicenter population-based study of SE in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) over 1 year, with data recorded in the EpiNet database. Focus on treatment patterns and determinants of SE duration and 30-day mortality. The incidence, etiology, ethnic discrepancies, and seizure characteristics of this cohort have been published previously...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of markers such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, complete blood count parameters, delta neutrophil index, ischemia-modified albumin, presepsin, and oxidative stress indicators, which are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and ischemia in the pathology and diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in adults. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis in the emergency department and healthy individuals in the control group were included in the study...

Baihe is a commonly used Chinese medicine for the treatment of neurological disorders. Clinically, the bulbs of Lilium brownii are used to act as Baihe. In the study, two new phenylpropanoid compounds including 3-O-acetyl-1-O-caffeoylglycerol (1) and 3-O-acetyl-1-O-p-coumaroylglycerol (2) were isolated from the bulbs of L. brownii. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic method and the effect on monoamine oxidase activity was determined using an enzyme labeling method. The results show 1 and 2 have anti-monoamine oxidase activity with 20...

Over a decade ago, longitudinal multiomics analysis was pioneered for early disease detection and individually tailored precision health interventions. However, high sample processing costs, expansive multiomics measurements along with complex data analysis have made this approach to precision/personalized medicine impractical. Here we describe in a case report, a more practical approach that uses fewer measurements, annual sampling, and faster decision making. We also show how this approach offers promise to detect an exceedingly rare and potentially fatal condition before it fully manifests...

BACKGROUND: Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) patients experience lifelong painful photosensitivity resulting in a lack of sunlight exposure. Previous studies have shown that 47-63% of EPP patients suffer from vitamin D deficiency and a high prevalence of osteoporosis. As of 2016 an effective treatment for EPP is available: the alpha-MSH analogue afamelanotide. So far studies on vitamin D levels in EPP have only investigated patients who were not treated with afamelanotide. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of afamelanotide treatment on vitamin D levels in EPP...