flavonoid

Orobanche foetida Poiret is the main constraint facing faba bean crop in Tunisia. Indeed, in heavily infested fields with this parasitic plant, yield losses may reach 90%, and the recent estimation of the infested area is around 80,000 ha. Identifying genes involved in the Vicia faba/O. foetida interaction is crucial for the development of effective faba bean breeding programs. However, there is currently no available information on the transcriptome of faba bean responding to O. foetida parasitism. In this study, we employed RNA sequencing to explore the global gene expression changes associated with compatible and incompatible V...

Limax maximus, or great gray slug, is a common agriculture pest. The pest infests crops during their growth phase, creating holes in vegetable leaves, particularly in seedlings and tender leaves. A study was conducted to assess the insecticidal activity of Ageratina adenophora extract against these slugs. Factors such as fecundity, growth, hatching rate, offspring survival rate, protective enzyme activity, and detoxifying enzyme activity were examined in slugs exposed to the extract's sublethal concentration (LC50) for two different durations (24 and 48 h)...

INTRODUCTION: Paeonia lactiflora contains diverse active constituents and exhibits various pharmacological activities. However, only partial identification of biologically active substances from P. lactiflora has been achieved using low-throughput techniques. Here, the roots of P. lactiflora, namely, Fenyunu (CK), Dafugui (DFG), and Red Charm (HSML), were studied. The primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESIMS/MS)...

Altitude is an important ecological factor affecting plant physiology and ecology, material metabolism and gene expression. Tuber color changes were observed in purple and red potatoes growing at four different elevations ranging from 1800±50 to 3300±50 meters in the Tiger Leaping Gorge area of Yunnan Province. The results showed that the TPC, TFC, TAC and biological yield of anthocyanin increased with increasing altitude until 2800 ± 50 m, and the highest anthocyanin contents were detected in the purple potato Huaxinyangyu and the red potato Jianchuanhong at the flowering stage and budding stage, respectively...

Liver cancer currently represents the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The majority of liver cancer arises in the context of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have been the guideline-recommended treatment options for decades. Despite enormous advances in the field of liver cancer therapy, an effective cure is yet to be found. Plant-derived polyphenols constitute a large family of phytochemicals, with pleiotropic effects and little toxicity. They can drive cellular events and modify multiple signaling pathways which involves initiation, progression and metastasis of liver cancer and play an important role in contributing to anti-liver cancer drug development...

Salinity stress significantly constrains agricultural productivity and vegetation decline worldwide, particularly in Iran. Potassium, the second most prevalent nutrient in plants, is well known to be essential for cell metabolism. Here, the effects of potassium fertilizer in two biogenic nanoparticles (K-NPs) and conventional (potassium sulfate) forms (0.1 mg/ml) on Melissa officinalis L. under salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) were investigated. The results demonstrated that stress markers (electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide) increased as salinity levels increased...

OBJECTIVES: Ranunculus L. genus contains 413 species, and it is the biggest genus in the family Ranunculaceae Juss. This review is to provide botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmaceutical preparations of the genus Ranunculus. KEY FINDINGS: The genus Ranunculus contains flavonoids, organic acids, coumarins, lactones, glycosides, sterols, polysaccharides, and trace elements. These chemical constituents complement the pharmacological actions and work together to exert anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitubercular, antibacterial, antimalarial, etc...

BACKGROUND: Grape peels, the main by-products of wine processing, are rich in bioactive ingredients of phenolics, including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Phenolics have the function of regulating intestinal microbiota and promoting intestinal health. From the perspective of the dietary nutrition of grape peel phenolics (GPP), this study was to investigate the influence of GPP on the composition and metabolism of human gut microbiota during in vitro fermentation. RESULTS: The results indicated that GPP could decrease pH and promote the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common metabolic disorder. The undesirable effects of synthetic drugs demand a search for safe antidiabetic agents. This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic activity of different fractions of Atriplex halimus (petroleum ether 60-80, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) using Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Titers of total glucose and trehalose, as well as larval weight, were measured and compared with those of control and diabetic larvae. The expression of Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILP2 and DILP3) and adipokinetic hormone (AKH) was evaluated...

Breast cancer is a global health concern, demanding innovative treatments. Targeting the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, pivotal in breast cancer, is a promising approach. TGF-β inhibits proliferation via G1 phase cell cycle arrest, acting as a suppressor initially, but in later stages, it promotes progression by enhancing motility, invasiveness, and metastasis formation. This study explores naturally occurring flavonoids' interactions with TGF-β. Using molecular docking against the protein's crystal structure (PDB Id: 1PY5), Gossypin showed the highest docking score and underwent molecular dynamics simulation, revealing complex flexibility and explaining how flavonoids impede TGF-β signaling in breast cancer...

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between flavonoids in Abrus precatorius leaves (APL) and their hypoglycaemic effects, which have not been studied before. An efficient purification process, transcriptomics and network pharmacology analysis were applied for the first time. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of total flavonoids. The results showed that D101 resin was most suitable for purification of flavonoids of APL, which could increase its purity from 25...

Flavonols are a class of flavonoids that play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and promoting stress resistance. They are also important dietary components in horticultural crops due to their benefits for human health. In past decades, research on the transcriptional regulation of flavonol biosynthesis in plants has increased rapidly. This review summarizes recent progress in flavonol-specific transcriptional regulation in plants, encompassing characterization of different categories of transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs as well as elucidation of different transcriptional mechanisms, including direct and cascade transcriptional regulation...

The experiments reported in this research paper aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics, microbial quality and antioxidant potential of goat's milk paneer during storage (0-12 d, 4 ± 1°C). The juices from five different citrus fruits were used as coagulant (treatments) to make goat's milk paneer. The pH of all paneer samples decreased during storage whereas titratable acidity increased. Ash (%) fat (%) and protein (%) of paneer increased slightly during storage, whereas sensory perception decreased...

Sect. tuberculata plant belongs to the Camellia genus and is named for the "tuberculiform protuberance on the surface of the ovary and fruit". It is a species of great ornamental value and potential medicinal value. However, little has been reported on the metabolites of C. tuberculata seeds. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the metabolites of C. tuberculata seeds based on UPLC/ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS with extensively targeted metabolomics. A total of 1611 metabolites were identified, including 107 alkaloids, 276 amino acids and derivatives, 283 flavonoids, 86 lignans and coumarins, 181 lipids, 68 nucleotides and derivatives, 101 organic acids, 190 phenolic acids, 10 quinones, 4 steroids, 17 tannins, 111 terpenoids, and 177 other metabolites...

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (G. pentaphyllum) is a medicinal and edible plant with multiple functions of liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, balancing blood sugar and blood lipids. The nutritional value of the G. pentaphyllum plant is mainly due to its rich variety of biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, terpenes and polysaccharides. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis combining metabolomics and root, stem and leaf transcriptomic data of G. pentaphyllum...

A total of 11 active ingredients including psoralen, isopsoralen, bakuchiol, bavachalcone, bavachinin, corylin, coryfolin, isobavachalcone, neobavaisoflavone, bakuchalcone, and corylifol A from Psoraleae Fructus in the plasma samples of diabetic and normal rats were simultaneously determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated to elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles of coumarins, flavonoids, and monoterpene phenols in normal and diabetic rats. The rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) was induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with injection of 1% streptozotocin every two days...

The chemical constituents of Draconis Sanguis were preliminarily studied by macroporous resin, silica gel, dextran gel, and high-performance liquid chromatography. One retro-dihydrochalcone, four flavonoids, and one stilbene were isolated. Their chemical structures were identified as 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-3-methyldihydrochalcone(1), 4'-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-8-methylflavan(2), 7-hydroxy-4',5-dimethoxyflavan(3),(2S)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methylflavan(4),(2S)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxyflavan(5), and pterostilbene(6) by modern spectroscopy, physicochemical properties, and literature comparison...

As a common medicinal and edible resource in China, Coicis Semen has a long history of cultivation and medicinal use. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) clinically believes that Coicis Semen has the effect of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lungs, clearing heat and dampness, removing pus and paralysis, and stopping diarrhea. Therefore, it is used to treat edema, foot odor, spleen deficiency, diarrhea, and other symptoms. The above effects are closely related to the active ingredients of Coicis Semen, such as esters, fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, as well as phenolic acids, sterols, flavonoids, lactams, triterpenes, alkaloids, and adenosine...

This study aims to characterize and identify the chemical constituents in 11 parts of Forsythia suspensa by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a self-established chemical constituent database, including leaves, flowers, fruits, green F. suspensa, old F. suspensa, and seeds. The quality attributes and differences of different parts of F. suspensa were evaluated by principal component analysis, partial least square discriminant analysis, and other stoichiometric methods...

Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase(UGT) is involved in the glycosylation of a variety of secondary metabolites in plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development and regulation of secondary metabolism. Based on the genome of a diploid Chrysanthemum indicum, the UGT gene family from Ch. indicum was identified by bioinformatics methods, and the physical and chemical properties, subcellular localization prediction, conserved motif, phylogeny, chromosome location, gene structure, and gene replication events of UGT protein were analyzed...