Anti psychotics

BACKGROUND: Sodium valproate (valproate) that is used both as an anti-epileptic and a mood stabiliser is teratogenic in pregnancy. A Dear Health Care Professional Letter (DHCPL) issued in December 2015 recommended the avoidance of sodium valproate prescription in women of childbearing age (WOCBA) and pregnant women. AIM: This study aimed to describe the prescription pattern of valproate in female mental healthcare users (MHCUs). SETTING: Regional hospital psychiatry department in King Dinizulu Hospital Complex, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal...

Background Stress affects mental health significantly and is a ubiquitous feature of contemporary living. Among the possible antibiotics are omadacycline and vancomycin, whose anti-inflammatory properties have also been thoroughly documented in recent research. The goal of the current study was to examine their complex involvement in the brain's stress response circuits and how they modulate stress. An established model organism that provides a useful platform for examining stress-induced behaviors and possible therapeutic approaches is the zebrafish...

BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepines (BZD) and Z-drugs are often prescribed for alleviating such symptoms and treating maternal psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. However, their use is limited due to the apprehensions and risks related to poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis evaluated the rationality and efficacy of using Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs for managing anxiety and depression in pregnant women. METHODS: The meta-analysis was based on a systematic review through keyword search utilizing Scopus, Pubmed, and Cochrane databases...

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a systemic autoimmune disease with features overlapping multiple autoimmune disorders. One study found that over 55% of patients with MCTD experienced neuropsychiatric symptoms, the most common of which was an "aseptic meningitis-like syndrome." We present a case of a 17-year-old adolescent girl presenting with abnormal speech and behavior, auditory hallucinations, and paranoid delusions after an isolated episode of fever. She was treated for her psychotic symptoms but later developed symptoms resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome...

Although cross-sectional studies have suggested that discrimination has a negative impact on the mental health of patients with COVID-19, no cohort studies with longitudinal data have established a causal relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19-related discrimination and subsequent psychotic experiences in individuals who had contracted the disease. Secondary outcomes were PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, and suicidal ideation. We utilized inverse probability weighting and marginal structural models with robust standard errors to analyze the association, accounting for confounders and loss to follow-up...

Bell's mania is the co-occurrence of delirium and mania. We present two cases of Bell's mania in a neurosurgical setting. The first case is of a 52-year-old male who presented with holocranial headache, disorientation, and manic symptoms for five months. He was found to have suprasellar craniopharyngioma. He significantly improved with olanzapine, but re-emergence of mood symptoms was noted after surgery. The second case is of a 42-year-old male who presented with a 15-day history of seizures and disorientation...

INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to analyze clinical and radiographic features of adult patients coexisting with NMDAR-IgG and MOG-IgG. METHODS: Eleven adult patients coexisting with NMDAR-IgG and MOG-IgG were collected from Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, between June 2017 and December 2021. Fifty-five patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 49 with MOG-AD were served as controls. RESULTS: Onset age was 27 (IQR 20-34) years old...

There is growing evidence that autoantibodies (AAbs) against proteins expressed in the brain are playing an important role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we explore the presence and the role of peripheral AAbs to the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in inflammatory subgroups of psychiatric patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCZ) and healthy controls. We have identified a continuum of AAb levels in serum when employing a novel ELISA technique, with a significant elevation in patients compared to controls...

PURPOSE: In our previous study, we developed an assay system to evaluate antisocial maltreating behavior of conspecific mice using a perpetrator-victim paradigm. We also generated a mouse model for the maltreating behavior by mimicking child maltreatment or abuse. Here, we further investigate the antisocial behavior using anti-aggressive and antipsychotic drugs. METHODS: Model mice sequentially subjected to maternal separation (MS), social defeat (SD), and social isolation (SI) in that order (MS/SD/SI model) were subjected to a maltreating behavioral task...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins encoded in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G-protein Optical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells...

This prospective study examines the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy volunteers. Participants were recruited naturalistically as part of the UK's COVID-19 vaccination programme. Prior to receiving their first COVID-19 vaccine, blood samples were provided by participants to examine anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG) at baseline, followed by a repeat assay 1 month after receiving their first vaccine to assess vaccine response. The increase of IgG levels from baseline to 1 month post-vaccination was significantly lower in patients compared with controls, supporting evidence of impaired vaccine response in people with psychotic disorders...

OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to examine the risk factors for comorbid psychosis in pediatric patients hospitalized for anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and its impact on hospital outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS 2018-2019). We included 3,405 pediatric inpatients (age 6-17 years) with a primary discharge diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We used binomial logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of variables (demographic and comorbidities) associated with comorbid psychosis...

INTRODUCTION: Psychotic symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have attracted increasing. Recommendations on treating psychosis often fail to take into account what psychotic symptoms require treatment, which has been complicated by the increasing number of reports documenting the frequency of 'minor' hallucinations. AREAS COVERED: this article focuses both on the phenomenology of psychotic symptoms and their management. EXPERT OPINION: Understanding the nature and implications of the types of psychotic symptoms in PD is the key to proper treatment...

Room tilt illusion (RTI) is a rare and transient perceptual disturbance in which an individual perceives their surroundings as having been rotated or tilted, usually at 90 or 180 degrees. Primarily linked with vestibular disorders and neurological lesions, this report details the only reported occurrence of the RTI phenomena in nortriptyline use for treatment-refractory depression. The patient developed RTI six days after starting the medication and the disturbance resolved after medication cessation. Although the mechanism behind such a phenomenon with medication use has not been elucidated, its etiology may rest on the effect of tricyclic antidepressants on the vestibulo-thalamo-cortical system and visual-vestibular integration...

A Consensus of Psychoimmunology Experts (Pollak et al., 2019) established a set of red flags and proposed diagnostic criteria for psychosis of autoimmune origin (AIP). Previous studies on AIP are limited by the scarcity of CSF analysis, preventing the valorization of blood anti-neuronal antibodies (Ab). The aims of this study are to determine the relative frequency and characterize AIP in a cohort of psychotic patients that underwent CSF workup. This work is a retrospective study in a tertiary psychiatric hospital...

BACKGROUND: Autoimmunity plays an important role in schizophrenia (SCZ). Autoantibodies against SFT2D2 have been reported in patients with SCZ; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to describe an autoimmune model, namely, mice immunized against SFT2D2-peptides. METHODS: ApoE-/- and WT mice (C57BL/6) were immunized four times (day 0, day 14, day 21, day 35) with SFT2D2 peptide or KLH via subcutaneous injection. Behavioral tests were conducted after the third immunization, and immunochemistry of brain tissue were performed after the sacrifice of the mice...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically-relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G -protein O ptical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome known for its diverse neurological manifestations, often involving psychiatric symptoms and seizures that elevate the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. We present a case illustrating the potentially lethal nature of anti-NMDARE, wherein an unexpected suicide attempt occurred 10 days after the onset of seizures in a 21-year-old man. Upon arrival at the emergency room, immediate interventions addressed hypovolemic shock, followed by subsequent neurosurgical and orthopedic procedures...

BACKGROUND: Both abnormal glucose metabolism and anxiety have been reported to be common in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, few studies have explored glucose disturbances in first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) MDD patients with anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of glucose disturbance in FEND MDD patients comorbid with anxiety. METHODS: 1718 FEDN MDD patients were included in this study. The positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) were used to measure psychotic, anxiety and depressive symptoms respectively...

Evidence reveals that people with mental illnesses have a greater risk of experiencing oral diseases such as dry mouth and dental caries and have greater oral treatment needs. This is related to multifactorial causes such as factors related to the condition itself, symptoms, side effects of polypharmacy, and a lack of accessibility to dental services. This article aims to provide a summary of the reported prevalence of the most common mental illnesses in Saudi Arabia (SA), such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorders, and dementia...