keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536580/impact-of-harmonization-on-the-reproducibility-of-mri-radiomic-features-when-using-different-scanners-acquisition-parameters-and-image-pre-processing-techniques-a-phantom-study
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ghasem Hajianfar, Seyyed Ali Hosseini, Sara Bagherieh, Mehrdad Oveisi, Isaac Shiri, Habib Zaidi
This study investigated the impact of ComBat harmonization on the reproducibility of radiomic features extracted from magnetic resonance images (MRI) acquired on different scanners, using various data acquisition parameters and multiple image pre-processing techniques using a dedicated MRI phantom. Four scanners were used to acquire an MRI of a nonanatomic phantom as part of the TCIA RIDER database. In fast spin-echo inversion recovery (IR) sequences, several inversion durations were employed, including 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 ms...
March 27, 2024: Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535997/adenine-methylation-enhances-the-conformational-flexibility-of-an-rna-hairpin-tetraloop
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lev Levintov, Harish Vashisth
The N6 -methyladenosine modification is one of the most abundant post-transcriptional modifications in ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. Using molecular dynamics simulations and alchemical free-energy calculations, we studied the structural and energetic implications of incorporating this modification in an adenine mononucleotide and an RNA hairpin structure. At the mononucleotide level, we found that the syn configuration is more favorable than the anti configuration by 2.05 ± 0.15 kcal/mol. The unfavorable effect of methylation was due to the steric overlap between the methyl group and a nitrogen atom in the purine ring...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533346/detection-of-reduced-diameter-of-the-cochlear-nerve-in-long-term-deaf-patients-quantified-with-semiautomatic-measurement-of-nerve-cross-sectional-area-using-3t-mri-data
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katrin Reimann, Uwe Klose, Ulrike Ehrenpfordt, Kruthika Thangavelu, Maximilian Schulze
HYPOTHESIS: High-resolution parallel transmit T2 sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolution sequence with improved edge discrimination and semiautomatic determination of nerve cross-sectional area (CSA) can be used to evaluate nerve degeneration in the inner auditory canal (IAC) in long-term deaf patients. BACKGROUND: In patients with hearing loss, temporal bone MRI is routinely acquired to evaluate the morphology of the nerves within the IAC...
March 2024: Otol Neurotol Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527049/let-s-chalk-about-it-introducing-the-tinytalks-curriculum-a-paradigm-for-short-virtual-chalk-talks
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Handorf, Michael G Healy, Anna Klouda, Alice Lu, Iman Moawad, Weizhen Tan, Yoon Soo Park, Ariel Frey-Vogel
In busy clinical environments, educational opportunities must be designed to accommodate learner-specific needs. Many adult learners prefer short, relevant, technology-enhanced learning. As such, electronic learning (e-learning) experiences have become a prominent part of medical education. Yet, there remain challenges to e-learning experiences in the current educational landscape. To address these challenges, the authors developed the TinyTalks paradigm, which serves as the educational foundation for the TinyTalks curriculum...
March 25, 2024: Academic Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525906/layer-control-of-magneto-optical-effects-and-their-quantization-in-spin-valley-splitting-antiferromagnets
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiaqi Feng, Xiaodong Zhou, Meiling Xu, Jingming Shi, Yinwei Li
Magneto-optical effects (MOE), interfacing the fundamental interplay between magnetism and light, have served as a powerful probe for magnetic order, band topology, and valley index. Here, based on multiferroic and topological bilayer antiferromagnets (AFMs), we propose a layer control of MOE (L-MOE), which is created and annihilated by layer-stacking or an electric field effect. The key character of L-MOE is the sign-reversible response controlled by ferroelectric polarization, the Néel vector, or the electric field direction...
March 25, 2024: Nano Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525680/3d-balanced-ssfp-ute-mri-for-multiple-contrasts-whole-brain-imaging
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xin Shen, Eduardo Caverzasi, Yang Yang, Xiaoxi Liu, Ari Green, Roland G Henry, Uzay Emir, Peder E Z Larson
PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a new high-resolution MRI sequence for the imaging of the ultra-short transverse relaxation time (uT2 ) components in the brain, while simultaneously providing proton density (PD) contrast for reference and quantification. THEORY: The sequence combines low flip angle balanced SSFP (bSSFP) and UTE techniques, together with a 3D dual-echo rosette k-space trajectory for readout. METHODS: The expected image contrast was evaluated by simulations...
March 25, 2024: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523656/reconfigurable-transmissive-metasurface-with-a-combination-of-scissor-and-rotation-actuators-for-independently-controlling-beam-scanning-and-polarization-conversion
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chhunheng Lor, Ratanak Phon, Sungjoon Lim
Polarization conversion and beam scanning metasurfaces are commonly used to reduce polarization mismatch and direct electromagnetic waves in a specific direction to improve the strength of a wireless signal. However, identifying suitable active and mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces for polarization conversion and beam scanning is a considerable challenge, and the reported metasurfaces have narrow scanning ranges, are expensive, and cannot be independently controlled. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable transmissive metasurface combined with a scissor and rotation actuator for independently controlling beam scanning and polarization conversion functions...
2024: Microsystems & Nanoengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523598/vessel-specific-quantification-of-cerebral-venous-oxygenation-with-velocity-encoding-preparation-and-rapid-acquisition
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zixuan Lin, Dengrong Jiang, Yiwen Hong, Yi Zhang, Yi-Cheng Hsu, Hanzhang Lu, Dan Wu
PURPOSE: Non-invasive measurement of cerebral venous oxygenation (Yv ) is of critical importance in brain diseases. The present work proposed a fast method to quantify regional Yv map for both large and small veins. METHODS: A new sequence was developed, referred to as TRU-VERA (T2 relaxation under velocity encoding and rapid acquisition, which isolates blood spins from static tissue with velocity-encoding preparation, modulates the T2 weighting of venous signal with T2 -preparation and utilizes a bSSFP readout to achieve fast acquisition with high resolution...
March 25, 2024: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523321/effect-of-esophageal-body-recoil-on-clinical-outcomes-in-non-spastic-achalasia
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Domenico A Farina, Dylan A Olson, Dustin A Carlson, Peter J Kahrilas, Edoardo Vespa, Andree H Koop, Yadis Arroyo, Eric Goudie, John E Pandolfino
BACKGROUND: Despite the established efficacy of achalasia treatments on symptomatic outcomes, there are limited data evaluating the treatment effect on esophageal dilatation. This study aimed to assess the effect achalasia treatment on esophageal dilatation and the effect of esophageal width reduction ("recoil") on clinical outcomes. METHODS: Patients with type I or type II achalasia that completed high-resolution manometry (HRM), functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP), and timed barium esophagram (TBE) pre and post treatment were included...
March 24, 2024: Neurogastroenterology and Motility: the Official Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522624/induced-saturation-transfer-recovery-steady-states-istress-for-proton-exchange-rate-mapping-with-cest-mri-a-preliminary-study
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mehran Shaghaghi, Frederick C Damen, Weiguo Li, Leon M Tai, Kejia Cai
Proton exchange underpins essential mechanisms in diverse MR imaging contrasts. Omega plots have proven effective in mapping proton exchange rates (kex ) in live human brains, enabling the differentiation of MS lesion activities and characterization of ischemic stroke. However, Omega plots require extended saturation durations (typically 5 to 10 s), resulting in high specific absorption rates (SAR) that can hinder clinical feasibility. In this study, we introduce a novel kex mapping approach, named induced Saturation Transfer Recovery Steady-States (iSTRESS)...
March 22, 2024: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522253/raphia-a-deep-learning-pipeline-for-the-registration-of-mri-and-whole-mount-histopathology-images-of-the-prostate
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Shao, Sulaiman Vesal, Simon J C Soerensen, Indrani Bhattacharya, Negar Golestani, Rikiya Yamashita, Christian A Kunder, Richard E Fan, Pejman Ghanouni, James D Brooks, Geoffrey A Sonn, Mirabela Rusu
Image registration can map the ground truth extent of prostate cancer from histopathology images onto MRI, facilitating the development of machine learning methods for early prostate cancer detection. Here, we present RAdiology PatHology Image Alignment (RAPHIA), an end-to-end pipeline for efficient and accurate registration of MRI and histopathology images. RAPHIA automates several time-consuming manual steps in existing approaches including prostate segmentation, estimation of the rotation angle and horizontal flipping in histopathology images, and estimation of MRI-histopathology slice correspondences...
March 19, 2024: Computers in Biology and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519534/development-and-validation-of-the-information-motivation-behavioural-skills-model-based-human-immunodeficiency-virus-education-kit-for-adolescents-in-malaysia
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wan Nur Syamimi Wan Mohamad Darani, Aimi Nadira Mat Ruzlin, Zahir Izuan Azhar, Xin Wee Chen
The growing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) incidences and insufficient HIV knowledge among Malaysian late adolescents necessitate immediate attention to HIV prevention via education. This study aims to develop and validate an Information-Motivation-Behavioural skills (IMB) model-based education kit for adolescents, PREM-Kit, to educate on HIV prevention among Malaysian late adolescents. Utilizing the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model, we conducted the study in three phases: needs assessment, development of PREM-Kit, and validation of PREM-Kit by applying the IMB model to map the PREM-Kit's contents...
March 22, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516469/online-learning-in-medical-student-clerkship-a-survey-of-student-perceptions-and-future-directions
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rina Patel, Susan L Bannister, Erin Degelman, Tejeswin Sharma, Tanya N Beran, Melanie Lewis, Chris Novak
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a major impact on medical education with clerkship students abruptly removed from clinical activities in 2020 and hastily immersed in online learning to maintain medical education. In 2022, students returned to in-person clinical experiences, but synchronous learning sessions continued online with extensive use of asynchronous online resources. This change offers a unique opportunity to gather information about students' perspectives regarding the acceptability and effectiveness of online learning strategies...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510386/learning-assistants-in-flipped-classrooms-a-new-pedagogical-strategy-for-pre-clinical-medical-education
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deshpande Ojas, Ghattas Mariam, Jacobs Aaron
UNLABELLED: Problem-based learning has been widely incorporated into pre-clinical medical education to increase the applicability of pre-clinical knowledge. However, studies have demonstrated increased learning burden and decreased confidence in learning when adapting to this didactic medium. To the authors' knowledge, limited interventions target these shortcomings in real time. Thus, we adapted and implemented a "Learning Assistants" (LA) program that can be deployed in pre-clinical didactic sessions...
February 2024: Medical Science Educator
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508291/fast-and-accessible-t2-mapping-using-off-resonance-corrected-despot2-with-application-to-3d-prostate
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronal Coronado, Carlos Castillo-Passi, Cecilia Besa, Pablo Irarrazaval
PURPOSE: Most T1 and T2 mapping take long acquisitions or needs specialized sequences not widely accessible on clinical scanners. An available solution is DESPOT1/T2 (Driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1/T2). DESPOT1/T2 uses Spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) and balanced Steady-State Free Precession (bSSFP) sequences, offering an accessible and reliable way for 3D accelerated T1/T2 mapping. However, bSSFP is prone to off-resonance artifacts, limiting the application of DESPOT2 in regions with high susceptibility contrasts, like the prostate...
March 18, 2024: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506613/two-dimensional-air-stable-non-layered-ferrimagnetic-fecr-2-s-4-crystals-synthesized-via-chemical-vapor-deposition
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lei Liu, Qin Yu, Jing Xia, Wenxiao Shi, Dong Wang, Juanxia Wu, Liming Xie, Yuansha Chen, Liying Jiao
The discovery of intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has opened up new opportunities for exploring magnetic properties at atomic layer thicknesses, presenting potential applications in spintronic devices. Here we have synthesized a new 2D ferrimagnetic crystal of non-layered FeCr2 S4 with high phase purity using chemical vapor deposition. The obtained 2D FeCr2 S4 exhibited perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, as evidenced by the out-of-plane/in-plane Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance...
March 20, 2024: Advanced Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504122/quantum-chemistry-study-of-the-photophysical-properties-of-4-thiouracil-and-comparisons-with-2-thiouracil
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miriam Navarrete-Miguel, Angelo Giussani, Mercedes Rubio, Martial Boggio-Pasqua, Antonio Carlos Borin, Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
DNA in living beings is constantly damaged by exogenous and endogenous agents. However, in some cases, DNA photodamage can have interesting applications, as it happens in photodynamic therapy. In this work, the current knowledge on the photophysics of 4-thiouracil has been extended by further quantum-chemistry studies to improve the agreement between theory and experiments, to better understand the differences with 2-thiouracil, and, last but not least, to verify its usefulness as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499551/ultrafast-magnetization-enhancement-via-the-dynamic-spin-filter-effect-of-type-ii-weyl-nodes-in-a-kagome-ferromagnet
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xianyang Lu, Zhiyong Lin, Hanqi Pi, Tan Zhang, Guanqi Li, Yuting Gong, Yu Yan, Xuezhong Ruan, Yao Li, Hui Zhang, Lin Li, Liang He, Jing Wu, Rong Zhang, Hongming Weng, Changgan Zeng, Yongbing Xu
The magnetic type-II Weyl semimetal (MWSM) Co3 Sn2 S2 has recently been found to host a variety of remarkable phenomena including surface Fermi-arcs, giant anomalous Hall effect, and negative flat band magnetism. However, the dynamic magnetic properties remain relatively unexplored. Here, we investigate the ultrafast spin dynamics of Co3 Sn2 S2 crystal using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect and reflectivity spectroscopies. We observe a transient magnetization behavior, consisting of spin-flipping dominated fast demagnetization, slow demagnetization due to overall half-metallic electronic structures, and an unexpected ultrafast magnetization enhancement lasting hundreds of picoseconds upon femtosecond laser excitation...
March 18, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38498004/potential-i-nos-arg-1-switch-with-nlrp3-and-parasitic-load-down-regulation-in-experimental-schistosoma-mansoni-infection-via-chloroquine-repurposing
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marwa A Hasby Saad, Esraa G El-Saadi, Dareen A Ali, Mona M Watany, Mohammed M Eid
In previous studies, the inhibitory effect of chloroquine on NLRP3 inflammasome and heme production was documented. This may be employed as a double-bladed sword in schistosomiasis (anti-inflammatory and parasiticidal). In this study, chloroquine's impact on schistosomiasis mansoni was investigated. The parasitic load (worm/egg counts and reproductive capacity index [RCI]), i-Nos/Arg-1 expression, splenomegaly, hepatic insult and NLRP3-immunohistochemical expression were assessed in infected mice after receiving early and late repeated doses of chloroquine alone or dually with praziquantel...
March 2024: Parasite Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497718/application-of-the-heavy-atom-effect-for-sub-microsecond-thermally-activated-delayed-fluorescence-and-an-all-organic-light-emitting-device-with-low-efficiency-roll-off
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michał Mońka, Szymon Gogoc, Karol Kozakiewicz, Vladyslav Ievtukhov, Daria Grzywacz, Olga Ciupak, Aleksander Kubicki, Piotr Bojarski, Przemysław Data, Illia E Serdiuk
The feature of abundant and environmentally friendly heavy atoms (HAs) like bromine to accelerate spin-forbidden transitions in organic molecules has been known for years. In combination with the easiness of incorporation, bromine derivatives of organic emitters showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emerge as a cheap and efficient solution for the slow reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) problem in such emitters and strong efficiency roll-off of all-organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, we present a comprehensive photophysical study of a tri-PXZ-TRZ emitter reported previously and its hexabromo derivative showing a remarkable enhancement of rISC of up to 9 times and a short lifetime of delayed fluorescence of 2 μs...
March 18, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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