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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siya Khanna, Susanne Aufreiter, Amanda J MacFarlane, Yaseer Shakur, Deborah L O'Connor
In 1998, Health Canada mandated folic acid fortification of white flour and enriched grain products to prevent neural tube defects. At the time, neither the Canadian Nutrient File (CNF) nor product labels reflected the actual folate content of foods. We aimed to assess if 20 years post-fortification, the CNF values for total folate and synthetic folic acid accurately reflect amounts determined by direct analysis. Using the 2001 Food Expenditure Survey and ACNielsen Company data, we identified 10 to 15 of the most purchased fortified foods across 7 food categories in Canada...
May 10, 2024: Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David C Spierings, Joseph H Thywissen, Aephraim M Steinberg
We observe spin rotations caused by atomic collisions in a nonequilibrium Bose-condensed gas of ^{87}Rb. Reflection from a pseudomagnetic barrier creates counterflow in which forward- and backward-propagating matter waves have partly transverse spin directions. Even though inter-atomic interaction strengths are state independent, the indistinguishability of parallel spins leads to spin dynamics. A local magnetodynamic model, which captures the salient features of the observed spin textures, highlights an essential connection between four-wave mixing and collisional spin rotation...
April 26, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neïl Zaïm, Antonin Sainte-Marie, Luca Fedeli, Pierre Bartoli, Axel Huebl, Adrien Leblanc, Jean-Luc Vay, Henri Vincenti
Strong-field quantum electrodynamics (SF QED) is a burgeoning research topic dealing with electromagnetic fields comparable to the Schwinger field (≈1.32×10^{18} V/m). While most past and proposed experiments rely on reaching this field in the rest frame of relativistic particles, the Schwinger limit could also be approached in the laboratory frame by focusing to its diffraction limit the light reflected by a plasma mirror irradiated by a multipetawatt laser. We explore the interaction between such intense light and matter with particle-in-cell simulations...
April 26, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yugan Tang, Boyang Xie, Hui Liu, Ya Zhang, Hua Cheng, Shuqi Chen
Asymmetric transmission in a passive vortex system is highly desirable, as it enables the development of compact vortex-based devices. However, breaking the mirror symmetry of transmission via a single metasurface poses challenges due to the inherent symmetric transmission properties in reciprocity. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel transmission-reflection phase coupling mechanism to achieve the broken mirror symmetry of sound vortex transmission. This mechanism establishes a special coupling link between transmission and reflection waves, superimposing asymmetric reflection phases on the transmission phases...
April 26, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Z Y Zhang, L T Yang, Q Yue, K J Kang, Y J Li, H P An, Greeshma C, J P Chang, Y H Chen, J P Cheng, W H Dai, Z Deng, C H Fang, X P Geng, H Gong, Q J Guo, T Guo, X Y Guo, L He, S M He, J W Hu, H X Huang, T C Huang, L Jiang, S Karmakar, H B Li, H Y Li, J M Li, J Li, Q Y Li, R M J Li, X Q Li, Y L Li, Y F Liang, B Liao, F K Lin, S T Lin, J X Liu, S K Liu, Y D Liu, Y Liu, Y Y Liu, H Ma, Y C Mao, Q Y Nie, J H Ning, H Pan, N C Qi, J Ren, X C Ruan, M K Singh, T X Sun, C J Tang, Y Tian, G F Wang, J Z Wang, L Wang, Q Wang, Y F Wang, Y X Wang, H T Wong, S Y Wu, Y C Wu, H Y Xing, R Xu, Y Xu, T Xue, Y L Yan, N Yi, C X Yu, H J Yu, J F Yue, M Zeng, Z Zeng, B T Zhang, F S Zhang, L Zhang, Z H Zhang, J Z Zhao, K K Zhao, M G Zhao, J F Zhou, Z Y Zhou, J J Zhu
Recently a dark matter-electron (DM-electron) paradigm has drawn much attention. Models beyond the standard halo model describing DM accelerated by high energy celestial bodies are under intense examination as well. In this Letter, a velocity components analysis (VCA) method dedicated to swift analysis of accelerated DM-electron interactions via semiconductor detectors is proposed and the first HPGe detector-based accelerated DM-electron analysis is realized. Utilizing the method, the first germanium based constraint on sub-GeV solar reflected DM-electron interaction is presented with the 205...
April 26, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda K Ramsdell, Nathaniel Hupert, Erika Abramson, Joseph E Safdieh, Sydney Katz
PROBLEM: Structural competency is increasingly valued as a framework to address health equity within undergraduate medical education. As of academic year 2023-2024, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) requires that medical schools have content regarding basic principles of structurally competent health care. Despite encouraging data about the effectiveness of structural competency curricula, most occur within the walls of a classroom and do not enter the authentic or simulated clinical space...
May 10, 2024: Academic Medicine
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Megan K Beckett, Denise D Quigley, Christopher W Cohea, William G Lehrman, Chelsea Russ, Laura A Giordano, Elizabeth Goldstein, Marc N Elliott
BACKGROUND: HCAHPS' 2008 initial public reporting, 2012 inclusion in the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program (HVBP), and 2015 inclusion in Hospital Star Ratings were intended to improve patient experiences. OBJECTIVES: Characterize pre-COVID-19 (2008-2019) trends in hospital consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems (HCAHPS) scores. RESEARCH DESIGN: Describe HCAHPS score trends overall, by phase: (1) initial public reporting period (2008-2013), (2) first 2 years of HVBP (2013-2015), and (3) initial HCAHPS Star Ratings reporting (2015-2019); and by hospital characteristics (HCAHPS decile, ownership, size, teaching affiliation, and urban/rural)...
June 1, 2024: Medical Care
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert McFarlane, Mark Heverin, Cathal Walsh, Orla Hardiman
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the underlying reasons for variability in the incidence rate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) within the Irish population between the years 1996 and 2021. METHODS: The Irish ALS register was used to calculate the incidence and to subsequently extract age at diagnosis (age), year of diagnosis (period), and date of birth (cohort) for all incident patients within the study period (n = 2,771). An age-period-cohort (APC) model using partial least squares regression was constructed to examine each component separately and their respective contribution to the incidence while minimizing the well-known identifiability problem of APC effects...
June 2024: Neurology
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anthony M Napoli, Shihab Ali, Janette Baird, Dan Shanin, Nick Jouriles
GOAL: Boarding emergency department (ED) patients is associated with reductions in quality of care, patient safety and experience, and ED operational efficiency. However, ED boarding is ultimately reflective of inefficiencies in hospital capacity management. The ability of a hospital to accommodate variability in patient flow presumably affects its financial performance, but this relationship is not well studied. We investigated the relationship between ED boarding and hospital financial performance measures...
May 2024: Journal of Healthcare Management / American College of Healthcare Executives
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline Gray, Barbara Lerner, Jacqueline Egelfeld, Jada Robinson, Tracy Urech, Anita Vashi
GOAL: Growing numbers of hospitals and payers are using call centers to answer patients' clinical and administrative questions, schedule appointments, address billing issues, and offer supplementary care during public health emergencies and national disasters. In 2020, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) implemented VA Health Connect, an enterprise-wide initiative to modernize call centers. VA Health Connect is designed to improve the care experience with the convenience, flexibility, and simplicity of a single toll-free number connected to a range of 24/7 virtual services...
May 2024: Journal of Healthcare Management / American College of Healthcare Executives
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kyungok Min, Younghui Hwang
This study investigated the relationship between self-determination, physical health status, and Health related Quality of Life (=HRQoL) among living kidney donors. A descriptive survey was conducted between 2019 and 2020 and included 111 kidney donors. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire on general and donation-related characteristics, self-determination, and HRQoL. The data also included medical records reflecting the physical health status at the time of the survey. Data were analyzed using a multiple regression model...
May 10, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huazhen Wang, Yingming Zhu, Yongshan Nan, Xianglan Jin
RATIONALE: Anesthesia management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has always been a challenge for anesthesiologists. Eighty percent of patients with DCM have heart failure as the first symptom, which may be accompanied by arrhythmias, thromboembolism, etc. Thrombosis is a significant contributing factor to adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and its risk is severely underestimated in the anesthetic management of DCM. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a case of a 54-year-old hypersensitive female patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and purpura who underwent an interventional thrombectomy under general anesthesia following a lower limb thromboembolism...
May 10, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takahiro Sakamoto, Toshihiko Asanuma, Kazuhiko Uchida, Hiroshi Kawahara, Akihiro Endo, Hiroyuki Yoshitomi, Kazuaki Tanabe
Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a noninvasive method for measuring organ stiffness. Liver stiffness measured using SWE reflects hepatic congestion in patients with heart failure (HF). However, little is known about the use of SWE to assess other organ congestions. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of SWE for assessing not only the liver but also thyroid congestion in patients with HF. This prospective study included 21 patients with HF who have normal thyroid lobes (age: 77.0 ± 11...
May 10, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
#14
REVIEW
Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu, Esther Ugo Alum, Michael Ben Okon, Emmanuel I Obeagu
Microbiota modulation, the intentional change in the structure and function of the microbial community, is an emerging trajectory that holds the promise to mitigate an infinite number of health issues. The present review illustrates the underlying principles of microbiota modulation and the various applications of this fundamental process to human health, healthcare management, and pharmacologic interventions. Different strategies, directing on dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, treatment with antibiotics, bacteriophages, microbiome engineering, and modulation of the immune system, are described in detail...
May 10, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hristina Dimova, Megan J Schroeder, Wallace B Pickworth, Jia Wang, Olusola Oniyide, Lauren C Viray, Carson Smith, Bartosz Koszowski, Kia J Jackson
INTRODUCTION: Menthol influences the appeal and addictiveness of cigarette smoking, however the data regarding menthol's effects on nicotine pharmacokinetics (PK) and smoking topography are inconsistent. This study investigated the impact of different cigarette menthol levels on nicotine pharmacology and smoking topography in current menthol smokers. AIMS AND METHODS: The study was a double-blind, randomized, four-period, crossover study to investigate the effects of smoking cigarettes with varying menthol content (0, 3, 6, and 12 mg menthol) on nicotine PK, smoking topography, and subjective effects in current menthol smokers...
May 10, 2024: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chuanjiao Zhou, Bing Mo, Hong Tang, Yaya Gu, Xiongyao Li, Dan Zhu, Wen Yu, Jianzhong Liu
The existence of molecular H2 O and evolution of solar wind-derived water on the lunar surface remain controversial. We report that large amounts of OH and molecular H2 O related to solar wind and other multiple sources are preserved in impact glasses from Chang'e-5 (CE5) lunar soil based on reflectance infrared spectroscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses. The estimated water content contributed by impact glasses to CE5 lunar soil was ~72 ppm, including molecular H2 O of up to 15 to 25 ppm...
May 10, 2024: Science Advances
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zilong Wang, Anyao Jiao, Feng Liu, Xiaowei Liao
Due to the cumulative effect of the recycled flue gas in oxy-fuel combustion, the reduction of NO has become the focus of research in which the role of CO2 gasification has a nonnegligible effect. In this article, the heterogeneous gasification mechanisms of CO2 on coal char during oxy-fuel combustion were studied by density functional theory and transition-state theory. The zigzag char model and char(N) model were selected to investigate the CO2 adsorption and gratification reactions at the molecular level...
May 10, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rege Anna Márton, Csilla Sebők, Máté Mackei, Patrik Tráj, Júlia Vörösházi, Ágnes Kemény, Zsuzsanna Neogrády, Gábor Mátis
In the fight against antimicrobial resistance, host defense peptides (HDPs) are increasingly referred to as promising molecules for the design of new antimicrobial agents. In terms of their future clinical use, particularly small, synthetic HDPs offer several advantages, based on which their application as feed additives has aroused great interest in the poultry sector. However, given their complex mechanism of action and the limited data about the cellular effects in production animals, their investigation is of great importance in these species...
2024: PloS One
#19
MULTICENTER STUDY
Screening of aspiration pneumonia using the modified Mallampati classification tool in older adults.
Jianping Liu, Hironobu Fukuda, Eiji Kondo, Yuki Sakai, Hironori Sakai, Hiroshi Kurita
Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. In the aging society, screening methods for predicting aspiration pneumonia are crucial for its prevention. Changes in the oropharyngeal morphology and hyoid bone position may increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. This multicenter study aimed to investigate a simple and effective screening method for predicting dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. Overall, 191 older adults (aged 65 years or older) were randomly sampled using the simple random sampling technique...
2024: PloS One
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanhui Zhu, Minami Kenji, Tsutomu Tokeshi, Yoshihiro Nishiyama, Akinori Kasai, Mitsuhiro Matsuura, Hikari Horie, Kazushi Miyashita
Acoustic methods are often used for fisheries resource surveys to investigate fish stocks in a wide area. Commercial fisheries echo sounders, which are installed on most small fishing vessels, are used to record a large amount of data during fishing trips. Therefore, it can be used to collect the basic information necessary for stock assessment for a wide area and frequently. To carry out the quantification for the fisheries echo sounder, we devised a simple method using the backscattering strength of the seabed to perform calibration periodically and easily...
2024: PloS One
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