Reactive oxygen species,endothelial damage

Endothelial cells are considered candidates for involvement in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, and prevention of endothelial cell damage may be important in pharmacological attempts to prevent such complications. In the present study, I explored whether extracts of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (CZE) could prevent oxidative damage and dysfunction of a vascular endothelial cell line caused by the highly reducing sugar, 2-deoxy-D-ribose (dRib), and dysfunction of a vascular endothelial cell line...

There is evidence that angiotensin II (Ang II) may impair the functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). It was revealed that DJ-1 could resist oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether DJ-1 could protect EPCs against Ang II-induced cell damage. The proliferation and migration of EPCs were strongly reduced in the Ang II group and were increased by overexpression of DJ-1. Western blotting indicated that the increased expression of the senescence marker β-galactosidase and decreased expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) induced by Ang II were reversed after Ad-DJ-1 transfection...

Hemopexin protects against heme toxicity in hemolytic diseases and conditions, sepsis and sickle cell disease. This protection is sustained by heme-hemopexin complexes present in biological fluids that resist oxidative damage during heme-driven inflammation. However, apo-hemopexin is vulnerable to inactivation by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that covalently modify amino acids. The consequent nitration of amino acids is considered a selective and specific effect reflecting biological events. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we discovered low endogenous levels of tyrosine nitration in the peptide YYCFQGNQFLR of human hemopexin, which was similarly nitrated in rabbit and rat hemopexins...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive intermediates of molecular oxygen that act as important second messengers within the cells; however, an imbalance between generation of reactive ROS and antioxidant defense systems represents the primary cause of endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular damage in both metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases. Endothelial activation is the first alteration observed, and is characterized by an abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotype of the endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels...

In this study, we found that exposure to α-pyrrolidinononanophenone (α-PNP), a highly lipophilic synthetic cathinone, provokes apoptosis of human neuronal SK-N-SH cells. The drug sensitivity of the cells (50% lethal concentration of 12μM) was similar to those of aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and was higher than those of cells derived from colon, liver, lung and kidney, suggesting that α-PNP overdose and abuse cause serious damage in central nervous and vascular systems. SK-N-SH cell treatment with lethal concentrations (20 and 50μM) of α-PNP facilitated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production...

The cornea is the anterior transparent surface and the main refracting structure of the eye. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of inherited (e.g. Kearns Sayre Syndrome) and acquired corneal diseases (e.g. keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy). Both antioxidants and reactive oxygen species are found in the healthy cornea. There is increasing evidence of imbalance in the oxidative balance and mitochondrial function in the cornea in disease states...

Placental activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to affect placental angiogenesis, which is critical for preventing preeclampsia pathology. We examined the role of ROS in preeclampsia by genetically modifying the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, a cellular antioxidant defense system, in a mouse model of RAS-induced preeclampsia. Nrf2 deficiency would be expected to impair cellular antioxidant responses; however, Nrf2 deficiency in preeclamptic mice improved maternal and fetal survival, ameliorated intra-uterine growth retardation, and augmented oxidative DNA damage...

Aminophosphinic acids which are organophosphorus compounds widely investigated for potential production of antibacterial, antitumor and antiviral materials. In vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of synthesized novel compounds of 8 different bis(β-amino alkyl)phosphinic acids (4a-h) were investigated on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated as an indication of lipid peroxidation in cell cultures for antioxidant capacities...

Various epidemiological and preclinical studies have already established the cancer chemopreventive potential of vanadium-based compounds. In addition to its preventive efficacy, studies have also indicated the abilities of vanadium-based compounds to induce cell death selectively toward malignant cells. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to improve the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity profile of an alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, by the concurrent use of an organovanadium complex, vanadium(III)-l-cysteine...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the foremost cause of irreversible blindness in people over the age of 65 especially in developing countries. Therefore, an exploration of effective and alternative therapeutic interventions is an unmet medical need. It has been established that oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AMD, and hence, neutralizing oxidative stress is an effective therapeutic strategy for treatment of this serious disorder. Owing to autoregenerative properties, nanoceria has been widely used as a nonenzymatic antioxidant in the treatment of oxidative stress related disorders...

Astemizole has gained attention as an antineoplastic drug that targets important ion channels. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of astemizole against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced oxidative damage to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were pretreated with astemizole (0.5 and 1 µM) for 12 h, then exposed to H2O2 (200 µM) for 12 h. Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic percentage were determined...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of small reactive molecules that play critical roles in the regulation of various cell functions and biological processes. In the vascular system, physiological levels of ROS are essential for normal vascular functions including endothelial homeostasis and smooth muscle cell contraction. In contrast, uncontrolled overproduction of ROS resulted from imbalance of ROS generation and elimination, leads to the development of vascular diseases. Excessive ROS cause vascular cell damages, recruitment of inflammatory cells, lipid peroxidation, activation of metalloproteinases, and deposition of extracellular matrix, collectively leading to vascular remodeling...

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease that causes myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Increased oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in the sub-endothelium is the characteristic origin of atherogenesis. Klotho, an anti-aging protein, has been reported to protect against atherosclerosis and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigatethe anti-oxidative activity of Klothoin ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)...

In recent years, the blueberry cultivation and processing industry developed quickly because blueberries are super-fruit with healthy function. Blueberry leaves are byproducts of the blueberry industry, which are rich in bioactive phenolics, such as quercetin (Q), hyperin (H), and chlorogenic acid (C). This study investigated protective effects of 3 phenolics (Q, H, and C) from leaves of rabbiteye blueberry Vaccinium ashei on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results showed that all these 3 phenolics could improve endothelial function by inhibiting oxidative damage and proinflammatory cytokines caused by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)...

Although the fluoroquinolones have strong antibacterial effects, some of them also have adverse ocular effects such as diplopia, uveitis, optic neuropathy, and retinal detachment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether low concentrations of fluoroquinolones can lessen the cytotoxic effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on different kinds of cultured ocular cells. We studied cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), a retinal ganglion cell line (RGC-5), a mouse-derived photoreceptor cell line (661W), a human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19), primary retinal cells, and primary human RPE cells...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of late-phase diabetes, is associated with many risk factors, among which continuous low-grade inflammation is one of the principal ones. As such, lowering inflammation levels and maintain the viability of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) are critical for DR therapy. HMGB1 is a well-known proinflammatory cytokine. However, whether HMGB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) can protect retina cells under a high-glucose environment from morphological changes and functional abnormalities remain undetermined...

A decline in the function of the macro- and micro-vasculature occurs with ageing. DNA damage also accumulates with ageing, and thus DNA damage and repair have important roles in physiological ageing. Considerable evidence also supports a crucial role for DNA damage in the development and progression of macrovascular disease such as atherosclerosis. These findings support the concept that prolonged exposure to risk factors is a major stimulus for DNA damage within the vasculature, in part via the generation of reactive oxygen species...

Curcumin (Cur) has multiple pharmacological effects including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cardiovascular protective effects. This research aims to further explore whether the cardiovascular protective effects of Cur are mediated by the miR-590-3p/CD40 pathway. Endothelial cells (ECs) were cultivated with 10(-7) mol/L angiotensin II (Ang II) to establish a damage model. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of CD40 and eNOS mRNA on ECs. The protein expressions of CD40 and eNOS were detected by Western blot analysis...

Atherogenesis is the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation, leading to coronary artery heart disease. This process involves immune cells, mainly T and B cells, monocytes and macrophages. The process of atherogenesis is induced by inflammatory damage of endothelial cells. The characteristic construction features of the atherosclerotic plaque is a predisposing factor for acute coronary syndromes. The accumulation of inflammatory cells in the artery inner membrane enhances the local inflammatory process due to the secretion of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases, which accelerate the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the arteries...

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease. Although a number of different underlying mechanisms have been learned from the various experimental models of the disease, hypertension still poses challenges for treatment. Angiotensin II plays an unquestionable role in blood pressure regulation acting through central and peripheral mechanisms. During hypertension, dysregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System is associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species causing kidney damage, endothelial dysfunction, and increase in sympathetic activity, among other damages, eventually leading to decline in organ function...