Adventitious

INTRODUCTION: The severity of flood disasters is increasing due to climate change, resulting in a significant reduction in the yield and quality of forage crops worldwide. This poses a serious threat to the development of agriculture and livestock. Hemarthria compressa is an important high-quality forage grass in southern China. In recent years, frequent flooding has caused varying degrees of impacts on H. compressa and their ecological environment. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated differences in flooding tolerance between the root systems of the experimental materials GY (Guang Yi, flood-tolerant) and N1291 (N201801291, flood-sensitive)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether androgens regulate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rat penile cavernous tissue through endothelial-rich adventitial endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie2)/phosphokinase (AKT) and affect penile erectile function. METHODS: Eight-week-old male SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6): sham group, cast group, cast+testosterone replacement group (cast+T group, subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate 3mg/kg every other day after castration), sham+Tie2 transfection group (sham+Tie2 group, 20ul Tie2 gene lentivirus injection into penile cavernosa of rats 4 weeks after castration, titer 1×108TU/ml), cast+Tie2 group, cast+empty vector group...

UNLABELLED: Acute injury in the airways or the lung activates local progenitors and stimulates changes in cell-cell interactions to restore homeostasis, but it is not appreciated how more distant niches are impacted. We utilized mouse models of airway-specific epithelial injury to examine secondary tissue-wide alveolar, immune, and mesenchymal responses. Single-cell transcriptomics and in vivo validation revealed transient, tissue-wide proliferation of alveolar type 2 (AT2) progenitor cells after club cell-specific ablation...

A high content of anthocyanin in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is an important indicator to evaluate fruit quality. Abscisic acid (ABA) can promote anthocyanin biosynthesis, but since the molecular mechanism is unclear, clarifying the mechanism will improve for blueberry breeding and cultivation regulation. VcbZIP55 regulating anthocyanin synthesis in blueberry were screened and mined using the published Isoform-sequencing, RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR at different fruit developmental stages. Blueberry genetic transformation and transgenic experiments confirmed that VcbZIP55 could promote anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry adventitious buds, tobacco leaves, blueberry leaves and blueberry fruit...

This session deals with the rational design of viral clearance studies for biopharmaceuticals including recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies and, as new in scope of the symposium, also viral clearance for adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. For recombinant proteins, large datasets were accumulated over the last decades and are intended to be used for accelerated product process development and streamlining of viral clearance studies. How to utilize prior knowledge in viral clearance validation and how it can be used in a risk assessment tool to decide whether additional virus clearance studies are necessary during product development is being addressed by three of the presentations of this session...

At the time of the 2023 Viral Clearance Symposium in Vienna, the ongoing revision of ICH Guideline Q5A(R1) Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from Cell Lines of Human or Animal Origin clearly was the dominant regulatory topic. At the symposium, the changes expected for Q5A(R2) to mirror advances of scientific knowledge, for example, the inclusion of new products, including viral-vector-derived ones, that can be subject to virus clearance, deliberations around continuous manufacturing processes, the use of prior knowledge to supplement or in part replace virus validation studies, and new molecular methods for detection of adventitious viruses, were discussed by a European and a US regulator as well as representatives from industry associations that had been involved with the drafting process...

The Cell Banks, Advanced Technologies (ATMPs, NGS) session at the 2023 Viral Clearance Symposium (VCS) focused on the assurance of high virus safety profiles of advanced technology medicinal products (ATMPs) by implementation of advanced virus detection methods using rapid and sensitive technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS). All presentations in this session made the need to replace in vivo testing for viruses by new technologies that have been demonstrated to be incomparably broad in their detection capabilities and can even detect unknown viruses...

Adventitious root (AR) formation is one of the most important developmental processes in vegetative propagation. Although genotypic differences in rooting ability of rose are well known, the causing factors are not well understood. The rooting of two contrasting genotypes, 'Herzogin Friederike' and 'Mariatheresia', was compared following a multiscale approach. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we noninvasively monitored the inner structure of stem cuttings during initiation and progression of AR formation for the first time...

Alveologenesis is the final stage of lung development in which the internal surface area of the lung is increased to facilitate efficient gas exchange in the mature organism. The first phase of alveologenesis involves the formation of septal ridges (secondary septae) and the second phase involves thinning of the alveolar septa. Within secondary septa, mesenchymal cells include a transient population of alveolar myofibroblasts (MyoFB) and a stable but poorly described population of lipid rich cells that have been referred to as lipofibroblasts or matrix fibroblasts (MatFB)...

BACKGROUND: The use of a smartphone built-in microphone for auscultation is a feasible alternative to the use of a stethoscope, when applied by physicians. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the feasibility of this technology when used by parents-the real intended end users. METHODS: Physicians recruited 46 children (male: n=33, 72%; age: mean 11.3, SD 3.1 y; children with asthma: n=24, 52%) during medical visits in a pediatric department of a tertiary hospital...

High-risk coronary plaques (HRP) are characterized in clinical radiological imaging by the presence of low plaque attenuation, a napkin-ring sign (NRS), spotty calcifications (SC) and a positive remodeling index (RI). To evaluate if these signs are detectable in postmortem imaging by a multi-phase postmortem CT angiography (MPMCTA), a retrospective study of a series of autopsy well-documented coronary plaques related to sudden cardiac death (SCD) was performed. Then correlations between histological and radiological findings were described...

Receptor kinases DRUS1 ( Dwarf and Runtish Spikelet1 ) and DRUS2 are orthologues of the renowned Arabidopsis thaliana gene FERONIA , which play redundant roles in rice growth and development. Whether the two duplicated genes perform distinct functions in response to environmental stress is largely unknown. Here, we found that osmotic stress (OS) and ABA increased DRUS1 expression while decreasing DRUS2 . When subjected to osmotic stress, the increased DRUS1 in drus2 mutants suppresses the OsIAA repressors, resulting in a robust root system with an increased number of adventitious and lateral roots as well as elongated primary, adventitious, and lateral roots, conferring OS tolerance...

Mungbean [ Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) Wilczek] production in Asia is detrimentally affected by transient soil waterlogging caused by unseasonal and increasingly frequent extreme precipitation events. While mungbean exhibits sensitivity to waterlogging, there has been insufficient exploration of germplasm for waterlogging tolerance, as well as limited investigation into the genetic basis for tolerance to identify valuable loci. This research investigated the diversity of transient waterlogging tolerance in a mini-core germplasm collection of mungbean and identified candidate genes for adaptive traits of interest using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) at two critical stages of growth: germination and seedling stage (i...

4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase (4CL) is an important enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Multiple 4CLs are identified in Ocimum species; however, their in planta functions remain enigmatic. In this study, we independently overexpressed three Ok4CL isoforms from Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Ok4CL7, -11, and -15) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, Ok4CL11 overexpression (OE) caused a rootless or reduced root growth phenotype, whereas overexpression of Ok4CL15 produced normal adventitious root (AR) growth...

Placental abnormalities more frequently occur during pregnancy of somatic cell clones and may lead to pregnancy loss or dystocia. Adventitious placentation, or diffuse semi-placenta, is determined by the development of areas of accessory placentation between the cotyledons due to the abnormal growth of placentomes.After a full-term pregnancy, a 3-year-old Jersey heifer was referred for dystocia which resulted in the delivery of a dead calf. The cause of dystocia was found to be foetal malposition, while the placenta was physiologically expelled after dystocia resolution...

The present study investigates the phytotoxic potential of azelaic acid (AZA) on Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Effects on root morphology, anatomy, auxin content and transport, gravitropic response and molecular docking were analysed. AZA inhibited root growth, stimulated lateral and adventitious roots, and altered the root apical meristem by reducing meristem cell number, length and width. The treatment also slowed down the roots' gravitropic response, likely due to a reduction in statoliths, starch-rich organelles involved in gravity perception...

INTRODUCTION: Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) is an uncommon condition that affects arteries and veins. It can cause a rare type of non-atherosclerotic peripheral vessel disease. The most common vessel affected is the popliteal artery. The number of case reports on CAD of the femoral artery is growing. We present a case of a 62-year-old female presented with claudication of the left leg diagnosed with CAD of the left common femoral artery. The patient was treated surgically with cyst excision and vessel reconstruction with saphenous vein autograft patch plasty...

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), located in adventitia and intraluminal thrombus. We compared the therapeutic potential of targeting upstream or downstream effector molecules of NET formation in 2 murine AAA models based on angiotensin II or peri-adventitial elastase application. In both models, NETs were detected in formed aneurysms at treatment start. Although NET inhibitors failed in the elastase model, they prevented progression of angiotensin II-induced aneurysms with thrombus, which resembles established human disease (including thrombus development)...

Hypoxia occurs when the oxygen levels fall below the levels required for mitochondria to support respiration. Regulated hypoxia is associated with quiescence, particularly in storage organs (seeds) and stem cell niches. In contrast, environmentally-induced hypoxia poses significant challenges for metabolically-active cells that are adapted to aerobic respiration. The perception of oxygen availability through cysteine oxidases, which function as oxygen-sensing enzymes in plants that control the N-degron pathway, and the regulation of hypoxia-responsive genes and processes is essential to survival...

Inflammation and immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension progression. Two main different activated phenotypes of macrophages, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages, are both involved in inflammatory processes related to pulmonary hypertension. Recent advances suggest that macrophages coordinate interactions among different proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and other cellular components such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including the origin of pulmonary macrophages and their response to triggers of pulmonary hypertension...