Cost utility africa heart

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions to improve antibiotic use are being implemented in Africa, but their impact is not fully known. The aim of this review was to estimate the effectiveness of interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing for hospital inpatients. Studies from PubMed, Embase, African Journals Online and Google Scholar were systematically searched from January 2010 to July 2022. Studies were included if they reported the impact of AMS interventions on outcomes of interest for hospital inpatients in Africa...

The World Health Organization-designated Eastern Mediterranean region (EMRO) consists of 22 countries in North Africa and Western Asia with a collective population of over 679 million. The area comprises some of the wealthiest countries per capita income and some of the poorest. The population structure is also unique and contrasts with western countries, with a much younger population. The region sits in the heart of the thalassemia belt. Many countries have a significant prevalence of sickle cell disease, and cancer is on the rise in the region...

The field of pacing in Africa has evolved in an uncoordinated way across the continent with significant variation in local expertise, cost, and utilization. There are many countries where pacemaker services do not meet one-hundredth of the national demand. Regional, national, and institutional standards for pacemaker qualification and credentials are lacking. This paper reviews the current needs for bradycardia pacing and evaluates what standards should be set to develop pacemaker services in a resource-constrained continent, including the challenges and opportunities of capacity building and training as well as standards for training programs (training prerequisites, case volumes, program content, and evaluation)...

BACKGROUND: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been shown to be effective in supporting breathing in newborns with respiratory distress. The factors that influence implementation in resource-constrained settings remain unclear. The objective of this review is to evaluate the barriers and facilitators of CPAP implementation for newborn care at sub-Saharan African health facilities and how different facility levels and types of bubble CPAP systems may impact utilization...

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) bears the highest burden of both communicable and noncommunicable disease and has the weakest health systems. Much attention is directed toward a rising burden of chronic disease in the setting of epidemiologic transition and urbanization. Indeed, the highest prevalence of hypertension globally is in the World Health Organization's African region at 46% of adults aged 25 and above. And while hypertension in SSA is common, its prevalence varies significantly between urban and rural settings...

OBJECTIVE: This is a descriptive study to analyse overall costs of medical scheme beneficiaries using lipid-lowering agents. The purpose of the analysis was to relate claims for lipid-lowering agents to utilisation and costs of drugs and services. METHODS: An analysis was undertaken of physician visits, cardiac-related disease co-morbidities and hospitalisation. Any medication or dose changes were also analysed, including those after hospitalisation. RESULTS: A total of 100 691 patients were identified, clustered around the age groups of 40 to 70 years, of whom 60% were males...

OBJECTIVES: Heart failure (HF) is a serious, prevalent health condition in industrialised countries where the incidence has been on the increase. The economic repercussions are costly, and therefore cost-effective medication is important in the overall management of the condition. It has been shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are clinically effective in the management of HF. Ramipril has been shown to reduce mortality and the probability of hospitalisation in post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients...