Dysexecutive syndrome

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia that leads to multiple repercussions in the patient's life. This condition's clinical characteristics include loss of memory, temporal and spatial disorientation, language or executive dysfunction, and subsequent decline of social function. Dysexecutive syndrome (DS), the second most frequent neuropsychological dysfunction in AD, affects multiple brain areas and causes cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties. We aimed to analyze the association between DS and AD and elucidate possible lack of evidence that may urge further research on this theme...

Primary progressive aphasias (PPAs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases mainly characterized by language impairment, and with variably presence of dysexecutive syndrome, behavioural disturbances and parkinsonism. Detailed knowledge of neurotransmitters impairment and its association with clinical features hold the potential to develop new tailored therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we applied JuSpace toolbox, which allowed for cross-modal correlation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measures with nuclear imaging derived estimates covering various neurotransmitter systems including dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with risk of persistent neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric complications, termed "long COVID". It is unclear whether the neuropsychological manifestations of COVID-19 present as a uniform syndrome or as distinct neurophenotypes with differing risk factors and recovery trajectories. We examined post-acute outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in 205 patients recruited from inpatient and outpatient populations, using an unsupervised machine learning cluster analysis, with objective and subjective neuropsychological measures as input features...

Retinal and cerebral arterioles have similar characteristics. Silent infarcts are associated with a risk of incident lacunar stroke and dementia. The objective of our study was to determine the correlation between silent lacunar strokes and retinopathy in patients hospitalized in our department for lacunar strokes. This is an observational, retrospective study, from July 2018 to December 2019, of patients diagnosed with lacunar stroke at the neurology department of Befelatanana Hospital, Antananarivo. Stroke was diagnosed with brain CT scan and retinopathy was classified according to fundus examination...

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a primary tauopathy affecting both neurons and glia and is responsible for both motor and cognitive symptoms. Recently, it has been suggested that PSP tauopathy may spread in the brain from cell to cell in a "prion-like" manner. However, direct experimental evidence of this phenomenon, and its consequences on brain functions, is still lacking in primates. In this study, we first derived sarkosyl-insoluble tau fractions from post-mortem brains of PSP patients. We also isolated the same fraction from age-matched control brains...

Human factors, including the level of cognitive functioning, are the most influential factors in road traffic crashes. Among cognitive abilities, executive functions (EFs) of the brain play a pivotal role in driving performance and outcomes, including crash numbers. The current study was aimed to explore, for the first time, the ability of EF tests to predict success on the official driving tests in applicants of driving license in Iran. We administered a relevant set of commonly used EF tests, including a computerized Stroop test and six tests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) and the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), to 87 healthy new drivers applying for a driver's license ( M age = 25...

Aim: Preliminary assessment of executive functions in children with cerebellar lesions, description of their emotional-social functioning and selection of sensitive neuropsychological tools to detect the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS). Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 10 children after cerebellar tumour surgery. The control group consisted of 10 healthy children, matched for age and sex: The IDS-2 executive functions battery, the Conners 3 ADHD questionnaire, the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales (ASRS) and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) were used...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between executive function and the magnitude of improvement from personalised exercise interventions on gait performance among older-old adults. AIM: We examined whether the effectiveness of personalised intervention on gait performance is dependent on the patient's baseline dysexecutive syndrome, as assessed by the Frontal Assessment Battery. METHODS: A total of 175 older community-dwellers (83...

In this study, we investigate the impact of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) as a major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on the clinical presentation of the disease in our population on the one hand, and comparison of the results with the findings from the literature on the other hand. Our study covered a population of 144 patients versus 90 healthy controls matched with each other in terms of age, gender, age of onset, etc. All patients underwent neurological examination, comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging...

Almost all of our everyday activities depend on executive function (EF) skills. In line with the increasing attention to the ecological validation of neuropsychological assessment and intervention methods, this study aimed to explore the ecological validity of a relevant set of widely used EF tests, mostly from well-known paradigms of EF assessment, in predicting driving ability. Ninety-six healthy novice drivers ( M age  = 26.2 years, SD  = 8.4; 48 female) completed four stages of our data collection including psychological, EF, and driving assessments...

During the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy, based on the only few cases reported from a Chinese centre at the time, we performed lung transplantation in two patients with irreversible acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after COVID-19 at our centre. After two years, we report the outcomes of these cases and some considerations. The first patient, an 18-year-old male, is in excellent conditions twenty-four months after surgery. The second patient was a 48-year-old man; his airways were colonized by carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae at the time of lung transplantation, and he had previously suffered from delirium and hallucinations in the intensive care unit...

OBJECTIVE: About 30%-50% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) show cognitive impairment ranging from mild dysexecutive syndrome to frontotemporal dementia. We aimed to develop a brief cognitive test, convenient auditory-based language and executive function test (CABLET), for rapid detection of cognitive impairment in ALS, with reduced load on motor function. METHOD: The CABLET comprises two tests using auditory verbal stimuli: Test 1, assessing word repetition and lexical judgment, and Test 2, evaluating verbal short-term memory and semantics knowledge...

SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a post-infectious neurocognitive syndrome characterized by fatigue and deficits in attention, memory, and executive function. As screening cognitive testing generally remains normal, the pathophysiologic basis of these symptoms remains controversial and there is no standardized treatment paradigm. We present a clinical case demonstrative of typical neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting medical and social factors that may have contributed to the severity of symptoms...

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease with frequent neurological involvement. Memory complaints are common, but their precise patterns remain unclear. We wanted to characterize patterns of neurocognitive profiles in pSS patients with cognitive complaints. Only pSS patients with memory complaints were included, prospectively. Cognitive profiles were compiled through a comprehensive cognitive evaluation by neuropsychologists. Evaluations of anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disorders and quality of life were performed for testing their interactions with cognitive profiles...

INTRODUCTION: Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted glycoprotein encoded in humans by the GRN gene, located on chromosome 17q21. Several nonsense and missense pathogenetic GRN mutations have been described. OBJECTIVE: We herein describe two sisters carrying a rare GRN mutation with extremely different clinical features and family history of dementia and behavioral disorders, with a novel presentation with stridor and dysphonia. METHODS: Patients underwent a multidimensional assessment including neurological and neuropsychological evaluation, structural and functional imaging, and genetic screening...

Background: Patients with post-infective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) often show both short- and long-term cognitive deficits within the dysexecutive/inattentive spectrum. However, little is known about which cognitive alterations are commonly found in patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2, and which psychometric tools clinicians should consider when assessing cognition in this population. The present work reviewed published studies to provide a critical narrative of neuropsychological (NPs) deficits commonly observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the tests most suited for detecting such cognitive sequelae depending on illness severity...

ATL1-related spastic paraplegia SPG3A is a pure form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Rare complex phenotypes have been described, but few data concerning cognitive evaluation or molecular imaging of these patients are available. We relate a retrospective collection of patients with SPG3A from the Neurology Department of Nancy University Hospital, France. For each patient were carried out a 18 F-FDG PET (positron emission tomography), a electromyography (EMG), a sudoscan®, a cerebral and spinal cord MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) with measurement of cervical and thoracic surfaces, a neuropsychological assessment...

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasm characterized by proliferation of tumor histiocytes that involves multiple organs including central nervous system. The physiopathologic process underlying degenerative neuro-LCH (i.e., DN-LCH) remains imperfectly settled. Since the main clinical features of DN-LCH are cerebellar ataxia and dysexecutive syndrome, eye movements might be disrupted and may help in disease diagnosis and monitoring. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of twenty DN-LCH patients investigated using eye movement recording (EMR) in our hospital between 2015 and 2018...

IMPORTANCE: Executive function (EF) deficits are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). During rehabilitation, it is important to identify EF deficits and understand their impact on daily function. The internet-based Bill-Paying Task, modified from the Executive Function Performance Test, has not yet been validated for use with people with TBI. OBJECTIVE: To examine the known-groups, convergent, and ecological validity of the internet-based Bill-Paying Task for assessing EF deficits after TBI...

The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a screening test that measures executive functions. Although this instrument has been validated in several countries, its diagnostic utility in a Chilean population has not been studied yet. Objectives: This study aimed to (1) adapt FAB in a Chilean population; (2) study the psychometric properties of the FAB in a Chilean population; (3) assess the sociodemographic influence in the performance of the FAB in a sample of healthy controls (HC); and (4) develop normative data for this healthy group...