Yellow fever in travellers

Vaccination is one of the main advancements in public health in the prophylaxis of infectious diseases. We intend to describe the general knowledge about vaccines/vaccination among Brazilian immigrants in Portugal, characterize their attitudes toward vaccination, and describe their knowledge of the yellow fever (YF) vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-completion questionnaire (face-to-face or remote). A total of 542 people participated in the study; the mean age was 36.81 years; 40.1% were male; 44...

BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne arboviruses are expanding their territory and elevating their infection prevalence due to the rapid climate change, urbanization, and increased international travel and global trade. Various significant arboviruses, including the dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, and yellow fever virus, are all reliant on the same primary vector, Aedes aegypti. Consequently, the occurrence of arbovirus coinfection in mosquitoes is anticipated. Arbovirus coinfection in mosquitoes has two patterns: simultaneous and sequential...

There are few data on yellow fever (YF) and hepatitis A (HA) off-label vaccination. Given the rising trend of travel to endemic countries, there is a growing necessity to broaden vaccination coverage among the pediatric population. For this reason, we aim to assess the adverse effects associated with off-label vaccination, with the ultimate purpose of expanding the vaccine spectrum. We analyzed ambispectively ninety-four children under 12 months of age who received YF or HA off-label vaccines. The YF vaccine was administered to children aged 6-9 months and those allergic to eggs (with a prior negative prick test and no history of anaphylaxis), while the HA vaccine was given to children aged 6-12 months...

Yellow fever (YF) is a potentially lethal viral hemorrhagic fever that can be prevented with the 17D live attenuated YF vaccine. However, this vaccination can cause severe adverse reactions including vaccine-associated YF. Here, we describe the case of a 32-year-old female who was permanently immunosuppressed with an anti-CD20 antibody due to multiple sclerosis. Following YF vaccination, the patient developed, a variety of symptoms such as febrile temperatures, muscle and joint pain, headaches, and dysuria...

INTRODUCTION: Yellow fever is caused by an RNA flavivirus. Immunisation in conjunction with vector control is at the forefront of yellow fever control and elimination. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review describes the impact and importance of yellow fever vaccinations for northern Australian health practitioners. DESIGN: Selected key policies, studies and medical guidelines are reviewed and presented. FINDING: Large yellow fever outbreaks, associated with vector spread, have occurred in the last decade in Africa and South America, increasing the risk of international spread of the virus...

PURPOSE: To provide an overview of pre-selected emerging arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) that cause ocular inflammation in humans. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature published between 1997 and 2023 was conducted in PubMed database. We describe current insights into epidemiology, systemic and ocular manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of arboviral diseases including West Nile fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Zika, and Yellow fever...

BACKGROUND: Vaccination plays a critical role in mitigating the burden associated with yellow fever (YF). However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence on the humoral response to primary vaccination in the paediatric population, with several questions debated, including the response when the vaccine is administered at early ages, the effect of co-administration with other vaccines, the duration of immunity, and the use of fractional doses, among others. This study summarizes the existing evidence regarding the humoral response to primary YF vaccination in infants and children...

BACKGROUND: Travel to Southeast Asia increases the likelihood of acquiring mosquito-borne Flavivirus infections such as dengue (DENV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), and Zika viruses (ZIKV). Expatriates are long-term travellers who have a higher risk of mosquito-borne illness at their destination country. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of DENV, JEV and ZIKV infections and the determinants contributing to seropositivity among expatriates living in Thailand. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed from December 2017 to February 2020...

At the turn of the 20th century, the physician William Gorgas led work that substantially mitigated mortality from mosquito-borne diseases among workers building the Panama Canal. The waterway launched the United States to political and economic superpower status by eliminating the need for risky maritime travel around the southern tip of South America, expediting exportation of US goods in international markets. Yet, as this article explains, innovations that curbed malaria and yellow fever were deeply rooted in racist foundations of capital and empire...

BACKGROUND: Long-term immunity following yellow fever vaccination remains controversial. We aimed to summarise the literature regarding the long-term protection (≥10 years) conveyed by a single dose of yellow fever vaccination. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 11 databases from database inception to Aug 24, 2023. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies reporting immunogenicity outcomes for children or adults who received a single dose of yellow fever vaccination 10 or more years ago...

For decades, immunoglobulin preparations have been used to prevent or treat infectious diseases. Since only a few years, monoclonal antibody applications (mAbs) are taking flight and are increasingly dominating this field. In 2014, only two mAbs were registered; end of October 2023, more than ten mAbs are registered or have been granted emergency use authorization, and many more are in (pre)clinical phases. Especially the COVID-19 pandemic has generated this surge in licensed monoclonal antibodies, although multiple phase 1 studies were already underway in 2019 for other infectious diseases such as malaria and yellow fever...

BACKGROUND: Immunization against the Yellow fever virus (YFV) with the 17D live-attenuated vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the disease. However, unexpected severe adverse events can occur. They consist in a neurological disease (YEL-AND), a viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD), or anaphylaxis. In this article, we describe the epidemiology, clinical and biological features of YEL-AND and YEL-AVD cases reported to the French National Reference Center for Arboviruses (NRCA) in the past 10 years...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of anaphylaxis after receipt of yellow fever (YF) vaccine is highly variable based upon previously published reports. Anaphylaxis after receiving the YF vaccine has been reported to range from 0 up to 22 per 1,000,000 doses. Our clinical experience suggested increased incidence, which prompted our investigation. We sought to evaluate the current incidence rate of anaphylaxis after receipt of the 17D-204 strain YF-VAX® brand reported in the US. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) reports of anaphylaxis after receiving the YF-VAX vaccine occurring between October 1, 1999 - September 30, 2018...

BACKGROUND: Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by several species of virus-infected mosquitoes endemic to tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. Earlier in the twentieth century, mass vaccination integrated with mosquito control was implemented to eradicate the yellow fever virus. However, regular outbreaks occur in these regions which pose a threat to travelers and residents of Africa and South America. There is no specific antiviral therapy, but there can be an effective peptide-based vaccine candidate to combat infection caused by the virus...

BACKGROUND: International Health Regulations (IHR) were developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to curb the trans-border spread of epidemics. To our knowledge, no airport-based studies have assessed travelers' health practices against a combination of diseases subject to IHR 2005. Therefore, we aimed to generate and describe the baseline travelers' pre-travel health practices towards Cholera, Yellow Fever (YF), and Plague at Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) in Nigeria...

This review utilizes quatitative methods and bibliometric data to analyse the trends of emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases, with a focus on their impact on pediatric population. To conduct this analysis, a systematic search of PubMed articles from the past two decades was performed, specifically looking at 26 different vector-borne viruses listed in WHO and CDC list of vector-borne viruses. The review found that diseases like Dengue, Zika, West Nile, and Chikungunya were frequently discussed in the literature...

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks, and in the continental United States, West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease. Other arboviruses cause sporadic cases of disease as well as occasional outbreaks. This report summarizes 2021 surveillance data reported to CDC by U.S. jurisdictions for nationally notifiable arboviruses; the report excludes chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika virus disease cases, because these infections were acquired primarily through travel during 2021...

OBJECTIVES: Pretravel consultation (PTC) is important for older adults owing to health problems associated with overseas travel. Although older adults in Japan, their PTC characteristics are less known. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of clients aged ≥ 60 years based on data from the Japan Pre-travel Consultation Registry (J-PRECOR). METHODS: Clients aged ≥ 60 years who visited J-PRECOR cooperative hospitals from February 1, 2018, to May 31, 2022, were included...

Pregnant women traveling abroad can be exposed to a variety of arboviruses, primarily spread by mosquitoes or ticks. Some arboviral infections can be of particular concern for pregnant women or their fetuses. Vaccination is one preventive measure that can reduce the risk for infection. Several arboviral vaccines have been licensed for many years and can be used to prevent infection in travelers, namely Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis vaccines. Recommendations on use of these vaccines in pregnancy vary...

BACKGROUND: Immunization with live attenuated viral yellow fever vaccine (YFV) grants effective immunity in most cases, and is recommended and prioritized for residents and travelers of endemic countries. YFV is seldom administered to egg-allergic patients (EAP) since it is cultivated in embryonated chicken eggs and may contain residual egg proteins, being a problem for egg-allergic residents and travelers of endemic countries. OBJECTIVE: Describe the frequency of allergic reactions after YFV administration in confirmed EAP from an allergy outpatient center in Bogotá, Colombia...