Basic reproductive number

With a single circulating vector-borne virus, the basic reproduction number incorporates contributions from tick-to-tick (co-feeding), tick-to-host and host-to-tick transmission routes. With two different circulating vector-borne viral strains, resident and invasive, and under the assumption that co-feeding is the only transmission route in a tick population, the invasion reproduction number depends on whether the model system of ordinary differential equations possesses the property of neutrality. We show that a simple model, with two populations of ticks infected with one strain, resident or invasive, and one population of co-infected ticks, does not have Alizon's neutrality property...

Numerous social media platforms have evolved into fertile grounds for the proliferation of irrational information, expanding the avenues of information dissemination. This paper initially utilized the Weibo and Bilibili social platforms as exemplars and devised a cross-platform two-layer network SEIaIbR-FXYaYbZ dissemination model grounded in classical infectious disease models. Subsequently, this research computed the model equilibrium point, basic reproduction number, and information entropy through dynamic equations...

This study introduces a novel SI 2 HR model, where " I 2" denotes two infectious classes representing asymptomatic and symptomatic infections, aiming to investigate and analyze the cost-effective optimal control measures for managing COVID-19. The model incorporates a novel concept of infectious density-induced additional screening (IDIAS) and accounts for treatment saturation. Furthermore, the model considers the possibility of reinfection and the loss of immunity in individuals who have previously recovered...

BACKGROUND: The basic medical education stage is not enough to support physicians to fully diagnose and evaluate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study aims to discover the difference in treatment choice between participants with different annual consultation number of PCOS, to promote lifelong learning, and drive balanced development within healthcare. METHODS: This is a multicenter cross-sectional survey. Participants' basic information, knowledge of PCOS and treatment options were collected online...

Rumors spread among the crowd have an impact on media influence, while media influence also has an impact on rumor dissemination. This article constructs a two-layer rumor media interaction network model, in which the rumors spread in the crowd are described using the susceptibility-apathy-propagation-recovery model, and the media influence is described using the corresponding flow model. The rationality of the model is studied, and then a detailed analysis of the model is conducted. In the simulation section, we undertake a sensitivity analysis of the crucial parameters within our model, focusing particularly on their impact on the basic reproduction number...

Bacterial infections in the health-care sector and social environments have been linked to the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, a type of bacteria that has remained an international health risk since the 1960s. From mild colonization to a deadly invasive disease with an elevated mortality rate, the illness can present in many different forms. A fractional-order dynamic model of MRSA infection developed using real data for computational and modeling analysis on the north side of Cyprus is presented in this paper...

Communities are commonly not isolated but interact asymmetrically with each other, allowing the propagation of infectious diseases within the same community and between different communities. To reveal the impact of asymmetrical interactions and contact heterogeneity on disease transmission, we formulate a two-community SIR epidemic model, in which each community has its contact structure while communication between communities occurs through temporary commuters. We derive an explicit formula for the basic reproduction number <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

The presence of asymptomatic carriers, often unrecognized as infectious disease vectors, complicates epidemic management, particularly when inter-community migrations are involved. We introduced a SAIR (susceptible-asymptomatic-infected-recovered) infectious disease model within a network framework to explore the dynamics of disease transmission amid asymptomatic carriers. This model facilitated an in-depth analysis of outbreak control strategies in scenarios with active community migrations. Key contributions included determining the basic reproduction number, $ R_0 $, and analyzing two equilibrium states...

The main goal of this work was to propose a novel mathematical model for malware propagation on wireless sensor networks (WSN). Specifically, the proposed model was a compartmental and global one whose temporal dynamics were described by means of a system of ordinary differential equations. This proposal was more realistic than others that have appeared in the scientific literature since. On the one hand, considering the specifications of malicious code propagation, several types of nodes were considered (susceptible, patched susceptible, latent non-infectious, latent infectious, compromised non-infectious, compromised infectious, damaged, ad deactivated), and on the other hand, a new and more realistic term of the incidence was defined and used based on some particular characteristics of transmission protocol on wireless sensor networks...

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a serious global public health crisis. A major control challenge is its multiple transmission modes. This paper aims to simulate the transmission patterns of ZIKV using a dynamic process-based epidemiological model written in ordinary differential equations, which incorporates the human-to-mosquito infection by bites and sewage, mosquito-to-human infection by bites, and human-to-human infection by sex. Mathematical analyses are carried out to calculate the basic reproduction number and backward bifurcation, and prove the existence and stability of the equilibria...

BACKGROUND: Following the first locally transmitted case in Sukhbaatar soum, Selenge Province, we aimed to investigate the ultimate scale of the epidemic in the scenario of uninterrupted transmission. METHODS: This was a prospective case study following the locally modified WHO FFX cases generic protocol. A rapid response team collected data from November 14 to 29, 2020. We created a stochastic process to draw many transmission chains from this greater distribution to better understand and make inferences regarding the outbreak under investigation...

In order to investigate the impact of two immunization strategies-vaccination targeting susceptible individuals to reduce their infection rate and clinical medical interventions targeting infected individuals to enhance their recovery rate-on the spread of infectious diseases in complex networks, this study proposes a bilinear SIR infectious disease model that considers bidirectional immunization. By analyzing the conditions for the existence of endemic equilibrium points, we derive the basic reproduction numbers and outbreak thresholds for both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks...

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation strategies and analyze the impact of human behavior on the transmission of Mpox. The results can provide guidance to public health authorities on comprehensive prevention and control for the new Mpox virus strain in the Democratic Republic of Congo as of December 2023. METHODS: We develop a two-layer Watts-Strogatz network model. The basic reproduction number is calculated using the next-generation matrix approach...

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 strains have been of great concern due to their high infectivity and antibody evasion. METHODS: In this study, data were collected on indigenous aggregated outbreaks in Nanjing from January 2020 to December 2022, caused by five strains including the original strain, the Delta variant, and the Omicron variant (BA.2, BA.5.2, and BF.7). The basic epidemiological characteristics of infected individuals were described and then parametric analysis of transmission dynamics was performed, including the calculation of incubation period, serial interval (SI), the basic reproductive number (R0 ), and the household secondary attack rate (HSAR)...

STUDY QUESTION: The objective was to construct a model for predicting the probability of recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment based on the clinical characteristics and routine laboratory test data of infertile patients. A model was developed to predict RIF. The model showed high calibration in external validation, helped to identify risk factors for RIF, and improved the efficacy of ART therapy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Research on the influencing factors of RIF has focused mainly on embryonic factors, endometrial receptivity, and immune factors...

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease triggered by an RNA virus inclined to mutations. Since December 2020, variants of COVID-19 (especially Delta and Omicron) continuously appeared with different characteristics that influenced death and transmissibility emerged around the world. To address the novel dynamics of the disease, we propose and analyze a dynamical model of two strains, namely native and mutant, transmission dynamics with mutation and imperfect vaccination. It is also assumed that the recuperated individuals from the native strain can be infected with mutant strain through the direct contact with individual or contaminated surfaces or aerosols...

In this paper, we investigate a fractal-fractional-order mathematical model with the influence of hospitalized patients and the impact of vaccination with fractal-fractional operators. The respective derivatives are considered in the Caputo, Caputo Fabrizio, and Atangana-Baleanu senses of fractional order <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:math> and fractal dimension <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>τ</mml:mi></mml:math> ...

A within-host and between-host hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mathematical model is established and the affect of optimal control in its within-host part on HFMD transmission is studied. Through define two basic reproduction numbers, by using the fast-slow system analysis method of time scale, the global stabilities of the between-host (slow) system and within-host (fast) system are researched, respectively. An optimal control problem with drug-treatment control on coupled within-host and between-host HFMD model is formulated and analysed theoretically...

This paper examines the short-term or transient dynamics of SIR infectious disease models in patch environments. We employ reactivity of an equilibrium and amplification rates, concepts from ecology, to analyze how dispersals/travels between patches, spatial heterogeneity, and other disease-related parameters impact short-term dynamics. Our findings reveal that in certain scenarios, due to the impact of spatial heterogeneity and the dispersals, the short-term disease dynamics over a patch environment may disagree with the long-term disease dynamics that is typically reflected by the basic reproduction number...

We study a viral infection model incorporating both cell-to-cell infection and immune chemokines. Based on experimental results in the literature, we make a standing assumption that the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) will move toward the location with more infected cells, while the diffusion rate of CTL is a decreasing function of the density of infected cells. We first establish the global existence and ultimate boundedness of the solution via a priori energy estimates. We then define the basic reproduction number of viral infection <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...