keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536138/bystander-presence-and-response-during-accidental-and-undetermined-drug-overdose-deaths-rhode-island-january-1-2016-december-31-2021
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justina Omari, Heidi R Weidele, Benjamin D Hallowell
With timely intervention from a bystander, drug overdose victims are more likely to survive. To characterize the frequency of bystander presence and identify overdose response barriers, we analyzed data from overdose fatalities occurring in Rhode Island from 2016 to 2021. Overall, about half (n=1,039; 48.7%) of all overdose deaths in Rhode Island had at least one bystander present. Among decedents who had at least one bystander who was unable to respond (n=338), top reasons of non-response were because they were spatially separated (64...
April 1, 2024: Rhode Island Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535774/ct-arthrography-of-the-elbow-what-radiologists-should-know
#2
REVIEW
Gianluca Folco, Carmelo Messina, Salvatore Gitto, Stefano Fusco, Francesca Serpi, Andrea Zagarella, Mauro Battista Gallazzi, Paolo Arrigoni, Alberto Aliprandi, Marco Porta, Paolo Vitali, Luca Maria Sconfienza, Domenico Albano
Computed tomography (CT) arthrography is a quickly available imaging modality to investigate elbow disorders. Its excellent spatial resolution enables the detection of subtle pathologic changes of intra-articular structures, which makes this technique extremely valuable in a joint with very tiny chondral layers and complex anatomy of articular capsule and ligaments. Radiation exposure has been widely decreased with the novel CT scanners, thereby increasing the indications of this examination. The main applications of CT arthrography of the elbow are the evaluation of capsule, ligaments, and osteochondral lesions in both the settings of acute trauma, degenerative changes, and chronic injury due to repeated microtrauma and overuse...
March 11, 2024: Tomography: a Journal for Imaging Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535652/-polymerization-of-bimerons-in-quasi-two-dimensional-chiral-magnets-with-easy-plane-anisotropy
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natsuki Mukai, Andrey O Leonov
We re-examine the internal structure of bimerons, which are stabilized in easy-plane chiral magnets and represent coupled states of two merons with the same topological charge |1/2| but with opposite vorticity and the polarity. We find that, in addition to the vortices and antivortices, bimerons feature circular regions which are located behind the anti-vortices and bear the rotational sense opposite to the rotational sense chosen by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. In an attempt to eliminate these wrong-twist regions with an excess of positive energy density, bimerons assemble into chains, and as such exhibit an attracting interaction potential...
March 11, 2024: Nanomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534795/opposite-and-differently-altered-postmortem-changes-in-h3-and-h3k9me3-patterns-in-the-rat-frontal-cortex-and-hippocampus
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karolina Dulka, Noémi Lajkó, Kálmán Nacsa, Karoly Gulya
Temporal and spatial epigenetic modifications in the brain occur during ontogenetic development, pathophysiological disorders, and aging. When epigenetic marks, such as histone methylations, in brain autopsies or biopsy samples are studied, it is critical to understand their postmortem/surgical stability. For this study, the frontal cortex and hippocampus of adult rats were removed immediately (controls) or after a postmortem delay of 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, or 150 min. The patterns of unmodified H3 and its trimethylated form H3K9me3 were analyzed in frozen samples for Western blot analysis and in formalin-fixed tissues embedded in paraffin for confocal microscopy...
March 18, 2024: Epigenomes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534532/electric-field-characteristics-of-rotating-permanent-magnet-stimulation
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pei L Robins, Sergey N Makaroff, Michael Dib, Sarah H Lisanby, Zhi-De Deng
Neurostimulation devices that use rotating permanent magnets are being explored for their potential therapeutic benefits in patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders. This study aims to characterize the electric field (E-field) for ten configurations of rotating magnets using finite element analysis and phantom measurements. Various configurations were modeled, including single or multiple magnets, and bipolar or multipolar magnets, rotated at 10, 13.3, and 350 revolutions per second (rps). E-field strengths were also measured using a hollow sphere (r=9...
March 6, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534513/computational-rhinology-unraveling-discrepancies-between-in-silico-and-in-vivo-nasal-airflow-assessments-for-enhanced-clinical-decision-support
#6
REVIEW
Sverre Gullikstad Johnsen
Computational rhinology is a specialized branch of biomechanics leveraging engineering techniques for mathematical modelling and simulation to complement the medical field of rhinology. Computational rhinology has already contributed significantly to advancing our understanding of the nasal function, including airflow patterns, mucosal cooling, particle deposition, and drug delivery, and is foreseen as a crucial element in, e.g., the development of virtual surgery as a clinical, patient-specific decision support tool...
February 28, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531894/abundant-pleiotropy-across-neuroimaging-modalities-identified-through-a-multivariate-genome-wide-association-study
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E P Tissink, A A Shadrin, D van der Meer, N Parker, G Hindley, D Roelfs, O Frei, C C Fan, M Nagel, T Nærland, M Budisteanu, S Djurovic, L T Westlye, M P van den Heuvel, D Posthuma, T Kaufmann, A M Dale, O A Andreassen
Genetic pleiotropy is abundant across spatially distributed brain characteristics derived from one neuroimaging modality (e.g. structural, functional or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). A better understanding of pleiotropy across modalities could inform us on the integration of brain function, micro- and macrostructure. Here we show extensive genetic overlap across neuroimaging modalities at a locus and gene level in the UK Biobank (N = 34,029) and ABCD Study (N = 8607)...
March 26, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531158/knockdown-of-lhx6-during-embryonic-development-results-in-neurophysiological-alterations-and-behavioral-deficits-analogous-to-schizophrenia-in-adult-rats
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hannah B Elam, Stephanie M Perez, Jennifer J Donegan, Nicole E Eassa, Daniel J Lodge
A decreased expression of specific interneuron subtypes, containing either the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) or the neurotransmitter somatostatin (SST), are observed in the cortex and hippocampus of both patients with schizophrenia and rodent models used to study the disorder. Moreover, preclinical studies suggest that this loss of inhibitory function is a key pathological mechanism underlying the symptoms of schizophrenia. Interestingly, decreased expression of Lhx6, a key transcriptional regulator specific to the development and migration of PV and SST interneurons, is seen in human postmortem studies and following multiple developmental disruptions used to model schizophrenia preclinically...
March 25, 2024: Schizophrenia Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530646/lesion-network-of-oculogyric-crises-maps-to-brain-dopaminergic-transcriptomic-signature
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bassam Al-Fatly, Clemens Neudorfer, Diego Kaski, Anthony E Lang, Andrea A Kühn, Michael D Fox, Andreas Horn, Christos Ganos
Oculogyric crises are acute episodes of sustained, typically upward, conjugate deviation of the eyes. Oculogyric crises usually occur as the result of acute D2-dopamine receptor blockade, but the brain areas causally involved in generating this symptom remain elusive. Here, we used data from 14 previously reported cases of lesion-induced oculogyric crises and employed lesion network mapping to identify their shared connections throughout the brain. This analysis yielded a common network that included basal ganglia, thalamic, and brainstem nuclei, as well as the cerebellum...
March 26, 2024: Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529533/morphometric-similarity-differences-in-drug-naive-parkinson-s-disease-correlate-with-transcriptomic-signatures
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yajie Wang, Yiwen Xiao, Yi Xing, Miao Yu, Xiao Wang, Jingru Ren, Weiguo Liu, Yuan Zhong
BACKGROUND: Differences in cortical morphology have been reported in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathophysiological mechanism of transcriptomic vulnerability in local brain regions remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize the morphometric changes of brain regions in early drug-naive PD patients and uncover the brain-wide gene expression correlates. METHODS: The morphometric similarity (MS) network analysis was used to quantify the interregional structural similarity from multiple magnetic resonance imaging anatomical indices measured in each brain region of 170 early drug-naive PD patients and 123 controls...
March 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529094/visual-vertical-neglect-in-acquired-brain-injury-a-systematic-review
#11
Pasquale Moretta, Nicola Davide Cavallo, Eleonora Fonzo, Antonio Maiorino, Cesario Ferrante, Pasquale Ambrosino, Cinzia Femiano, Gabriella Santangelo, Laura Marcuccio
Vertical neglect represents a visuospatial deficit occurring as a possible consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI). Differently from unilateral spatial neglect on horizontal space, vertical neglect is poorly studied in the literature and rarely assessed in clinical practice. In the available studies, the terms "radial," "vertical," and "altitudinal" neglect are often used interchangeably, although they do not describe the same spatial dimension. "Altitudinal" and "vertical" refer to the sagittal plane, whereas "radial" refers to the transverse plane...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528368/where-alcohol-use-disorder-meets-interoception-a-meta-analytic-view-on-structural-and-functional-neuroimaging-data
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Markus Muehlhan, Carolin Spindler, Sandra Nowaczynski, Claudius Buchner, Maximilian Fascher, Sebastian Trautmann
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with changes in the processing of internal body signals, known as interoception. Changes in brain structure, particularly in the insula, are thought to underlie impaired interoception. As studies specifically investigating this association are largely lacking, this analysis takes an approach that compares meta-analytic results on interoception with recently published meta-analytic results on gray matter reduction in AUD. A systematic literature search identified 25 eligible interoception studies...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Neurochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527188/true-and-false-memories-for-spatial-location-evoke-more-similar-patterns-of-brain-activity-in-males-than-females
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dylan S Spets, Jessica M Karanian, Scott D Slotnick
True and false memories recruit a number of shared brain regions; however, they are not completely overlapping. Extensive sex differences have been identified in the brain during true memories and, recently, we identified sex differences in the brain during false memories. In the current fMRI study, we sought to determine whether sex differences existed in the location and extent of overlap between true and false memories. True and false memories activated a number of shared brain regions. Compared to females, males produced a greater number of overlapping brain regions (8 versus 2 activations for males and females, respectively) including the prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and early/late visual processing cortices (including V1) in males and prefrontal and parietal cortices in females...
March 25, 2024: Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527143/soluble-biomarkers-of-cerebrovascular-pathologies
#14
REVIEW
Kate E Foley, Donna M Wilcock
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is an all-encompassing term that describes cognitive impairment due to cerebrovascular origins. With the advancement of imaging and pathological studies, we now understand that VCID is often comorbid with Alzheimer disease. While researchers in the Alzheimer disease field have been working for years to establish and test blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease diagnosis, prognosis, clinical therapy discovery, and early detection, blood-based biomarkers for VCID are in their infancy and also face challenges...
April 2024: Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521781/amber-rainbow-ribbon-effect-in-broadband-optical-metamaterials
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Zhao, Xianfeng Wu, Doudou Zhang, Xiaoting Xu, Xiaonong Wang, Xiaopeng Zhao
Using the trapped rainbow effect to slow down or even stop light has been widely studied. However, high loss and energy leakage severely limited the development of rainbow devices. Here, we observed the negative Goos-Hänchen effect in film samples across the entire visible spectrum. We also discovered an amber rainbow ribbon and an optical black hole due to perfect back reflection in optical waveguides, where little light leaks out. Not only does the amber rainbow ribbon effect show an automatic frequency selection response, as predicted by single frequency theoretical models and confirmed by experiments, it also shows spatial periodic regulation, resulting from broadband omnidirectional visible metamaterials prepared by disordered assembly systems...
March 23, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521159/accelerated-cortical-thinning-in-schizophrenia-is-associated-with-rare-and-common-predisposing-variation-to-schizophrenia-and-neurodevelopmental-disorders
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Javier González-Peñas, Clara Alloza, Rachel Brouwer, Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja, Javier Costas, Noemí González-Lois, Ana Guil Gallego, Lucía de Hoyos, Xaquín Gurriarán, Álvaro Andreu-Bernabeu, Rafael Romero-García, Lourdes Fañanas, Julio Bobes, Ana González Pinto, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Lourdes Martorell, Manuel Arrojo, Elisabet Vilella, Alfonso Guitiérrez-Zotes, Marta Perez-Rando, María Dolores Moltó, Elizabeth Buimer, Neeltje van Haren, Wiepke Cahn, Michael O'Donovan, René S Kahn, Celso Arango, Hilleke Hulshoff Pol, Joost Janssen, Hugo Schnack
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder characterized by increased cortical thinning throughout the lifespan. Studies have reported a shared genetic basis between schizophrenia and cortical thickness. However, no genes whose expression is related to abnormal cortical thinning in schizophrenia have been identified. METHODS: We conducted linear mixed models to estimate the rates of accelerated cortical thinning across 68 regions from the Desikan-Killiany atlas in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls from a large longitudinal sample (NCases = 169 and NControls = 298, aged 16-70 years)...
March 21, 2024: Biological Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519794/perinatal-compromise-affects-development-form-and-function-of-the-hippocampus-part-one-clinical-studies
#17
REVIEW
Tegan A White, Suzanne L Miller, Amy E Sutherland, Beth J Allison, Emily J Camm
The hippocampus is a neuron-rich specialised brain structure that plays a central role in the regulation of emotions, learning and memory, cognition, spatial navigation, and motivational processes. In human fetal development, hippocampal neurogenesis is principally complete by mid-gestation, with subsequent maturation comprising dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy. Dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis underpin connectivity. Hippocampal development is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations during pregnancy and at birth...
March 22, 2024: Pediatric Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518412/multi-modality-fusion-transformer-with-spatio-temporal-feature-aggregation-module-for-psychiatric-disorder-diagnosis
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guoxin Wang, Fengmei Fan, Sheng Shi, Shan An, Xuyang Cao, Wenshu Ge, Feng Yu, Qi Wang, Xiaole Han, Shuping Tan, Yunlong Tan, Zhiren Wang
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mild mania. In this paper, to address the common issue of insufficient accuracy in existing methods and meet the requirements of clinical diagnosis, we propose a framework called Spatio-temporal Feature Fusion Transformer (STF2Former). It improves on our previous work - MFFormer by introducing a Spatio-temporal Feature Aggregation Module (STFAM) to learn the temporal and spatial features of rs-fMRI data. It promotes intra-modality attention and information fusion across different modalities...
March 19, 2024: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics: the Official Journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517361/geraniol-attenuates-oxidative-stress-and-neuroinflammation-mediated-cognitive-impairment-in-d-galactose-induced-mouse-aging-model
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peramaiyan Rajendran, Fatma J Al-Saeedi, Rebai Ben Ammar, Basem M Abdallah, Enas M Ali, Najla Khaled Al Abdulsalam, Sujatha Tejavat, Duaa Althumairy, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Sarah Abdulaziz Alamer, Gamal M Bekhet, Emad A Ahmed
D-galactose (D-gal) administration was proven to induce cognitive impairment and aging in rodents' models. Geraniol (GNL) belongs to the acyclic isoprenoid monoterpenes. GNL reduces inflammation by changing important signaling pathways and cytokines, and thus it is plausible to be used as a medicine for treating disorders linked to inflammation. Herein, we examined the therapeutic effects of GNL on D-gal-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation-mediated memory loss in mice. The study was conducted using six groups of mice (6 mice per group)...
March 20, 2024: Aging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517304/spatial-temporal-distribution-of-visceral-leishmaniasis-in-rio-de-janeiro-brazil-2001-2020-expansion-and-challenges
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alex de O Vasconcelos, Sandro J Bedoya-Pacheco, Rafael R Cunha E Silva, Mônica de A F M Magalhães, Tayana P S O de Sá, Cristina M G Dias, Patrícia S Meneguete, Paula M P de Almeida, Maria Inês F Pimentel
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis results from complex interactions among humans, dogs and environment. Brazil accounts for 97% of cases in the Americas. METHODS: Twenty years (2001-2020) of the endemic disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro were studied. Incidence, lethality, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were investigated, complemented with spatial methodologies (kernel and clusters). RESULTS: Ninety-seven human cases and 625 dogs were reported...
March 22, 2024: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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