Radiology practice

OBJECTIVE: Care of patients with dysphagia occurs at the intersection of several different medical specialties. Otolaryngologists are uniquely equipped to diagnose dysphagia given their specialized training, yet the extent to which otolaryngologists perform diagnostic procedures for dysphagia is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize the specialty-level variation among providers performing diagnostic assessments for dysphagia. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of dysphagia care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries from 2013 to 2021 using the CMS Physician & Other Practitioners by Provider and Service dataset...

BACKGROUND: External fixation is widely used in the treatment of traumatic fractures; however, orthopedic surgeons encounter challenges in deciding the optimal time for fixator removal. The axial load-share ratio (LS) of the fixator is a quantitative index to evaluate the stiffness of callus healing. This paper introduces an innovative method for measuring the LS and assesses the method's feasibility and efficacy. Based on a novel hexapod LS-measurement system, the proposed method is to improve the convenience and precision of measuring LS in vivo, hence facilitating the safe removal of external fixators...

PURPOSE: UK NICE guidelines recommend axillary node clearance (ANC) should be performed in all patients with biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer having primary surgery. There is, however, increasing evidence such extensive surgery may not always be necessary. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) may be an effective alternative in patients with low-volume nodal disease who are clinically node negative (cN0) but have abnormal nodes detected radiologically. This survey aimed to explore current management of this group to inform feasibility of a future trial...

OBJECTIVE: Deep learning (DL) MRI reconstruction enables fast scan acquisition with good visual quality, but the diagnostic impact is often not assessed because of large reader study requirements. This study used existing diagnostic DL to assess the diagnostic quality of reconstructed images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective multisite study of 1535 patients assessed biparametric prostate MRI between 2016 and 2020. Likely clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) lesions (PI-RADS <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

OBJECTIVE: To methodically analyze the swirl sign and construct a scoring system to predict the risk of hematoma expansion (HE) after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). METHODS: We analysed 231 of 683 sICH patients with swirl signs on baseline noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) images. The characteristics of the swirl sign were analyzed, including the number, maximum diameter, shape, boundary, minimum CT value of the swirl sign and the minimum distance from the swirl sign to the edge of the hematoma...

The most common abdominal malignancies diagnosed in the pediatric population include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, lymphoma, germ cell tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma. There are distinctive imaging findings and patterns of spread for each of these tumors that radiologists must know for diagnosis and staging and for monitoring the patient's response to treatment. The multidisciplinary treatment group that includes oncologists, surgeons, and radiation oncologists relies heavily on imaging evaluation to identify the best treatment course and prognostication of imaging findings, such as the image-defined risk factors for neuroblastomas, the PRETreatment EXtent of Disease staging system for hepatoblastoma, and the Ann Arbor staging system for lymphomas...

Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Bowel emergencies in patients with cancer are becoming increasingly more prevalent due to advances in cancer therapy and longer overall patient survival. When these patients present acutely, they are often frail and may have pre-existing co-morbidities. This article discusses the imaging features of bowel emergencies commonly encountered in oncological patients in clinical practice. These include chemotherapy related colitis, neutropenia enterocolitis and typhlitis, toxic megacolon, bowel perforation, malignant bowel obstruction and gastrointestinal haemorrhage...

Aortic coarctation is a rare cause of secondary hypertension (<1% cases) and can be challenging to detect due to its few clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis and treatment are important because patients with unmanaged aortic coarctation are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications and have a reduced life expectancy. We describe a case of secondary hypertension in a young adult female caused by aortic coarctation, first detected in a general practitioner setting, resulting in the need for a left subclavian-carotid bypass vascular surgery and a descending aortic stent vascular surgery...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules are commonly identified through ultrasound imaging, which plays a crucial role in the early detection of malignancy. The diagnostic accuracy, however, is significantly influenced by the expertise of radiologists, the quality of equipment, and image acquisition techniques. This variability underscores the critical need for computational tools that support diagnosis. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluates an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven system for thyroid nodule assessment, integrating clinical practices from multiple prominent Thai medical centers...

PURPOSE: This paper considers a new problem setting for multi-organ segmentation based on the following observations. In reality, (1) collecting a large-scale dataset from various institutes is usually impeded due to privacy issues; (2) many images are not labeled since the slice-by-slice annotation is costly; and (3) datasets may exhibit inconsistent, partial annotations across different institutes. Learning a federated model from these distributed, partially labeled, and unlabeled samples is an unexplored problem...

This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the occupational radiation exposure faced by healthcare professionals during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures. Utilizing an anthropomorphic RANDO phantom equipped with Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLDs), we replicated ERCP scenarios to measure radiation doses received by medical staff. The study meticulously assessed radiation exposure in various corresponding body regions typically occupied by medical staff during ERCP, with a focus on eyes, thyroid, hands, and reproductive corresponding organ regions...

AIM: This study aims to identify the prospective skill requirements for future radiographers practising in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Such information will inform educational institutions, healthcare organisations, and policymakers in developing effective strategies. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving currently practising radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists, sonographers, and radiation therapists in the UAE (n =74). A comprehensive survey questionnaire was developed and validated through piloting and expert consultations...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: To provide an overview of the reflective learning cycle, as well as common reflective learning models, as a means of informing future implementation of reflective learning assignments in medical imaging curriculum. METHODS: Journal articles were searched for in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate, as well as the university's library databases using the keywords reflective learning, Kolb's model of learning, reflective learning practices in health care , and reflective learning in radiography ...

PURPOSE: To assess whether first-year radiography students observed differences between what they were taught in didactic and laboratory courses and how technologists perform chest imaging procedures during clinical experiences. METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach with a cross-sectional survey, consisting of 11 quantitative and 11 qualitative items, during the fall 2020 semester. The survey asked participants to evaluate survey statements based on their observations of radiographers' behaviors during chest imaging procedures in relation to the 11 American Registry of Radiologic Technologist clinical competency areas...

PURPOSE: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Development Programme is being explored in the radiation field, as an overarching framework to identify and prioritize research needs that best support strengthening of radiation risk assessment and risk management strategies. To advance the use of AOPs, an international horizon-style exercise (HSE) was initiated through the Radiation/Chemical AOP Joint Topical Group (JTG) formed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) High-Level Group on Low Dose Research (HLG-LDR) under the auspices of the Committee on Radiological Protection and Public Health (CRPPH)...

"Just Accepted" papers have undergone full peer review and have been accepted for publication in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence . This article will undergo copyediting, layout, and proof review before it is published in its final version. Please note that during production of the final copyedited article, errors may be discovered which could affect the content. Radiomics is a promising and fast-developing field within oncology that involves the mining of quantitative highdimensional data from medical images...

BACKGROUND: The implementation of digital breast tomosynthesis has increased the detection of radial scar (RS). Managing this finding may be experienced as a clinical dilemma in daily practice. Breast Contrast-Enhanced MRI (CE-BMR) is a known modality in case of problem-solving tool for mammographic abnormalities. However, the data about AD and CE-BMR are scant. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to estimate the benefit of CE-BMR in the setting of RS detected mammographically through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature...

The first years of an academic musculoskeletal (MSK) faculty position are a time of transition for the junior faculty member, who must rapidly adjust to new clinical, academic, operational, and professional responsibilities. Mentoring has a critical role in helping the faculty member to thrive in these early years. Establishing clear communication, trust, and expectations can set the foundation for an effective mentoring relationship. Junior faculty members ideally would have multiple mentors with different areas of expertise, including mentors of all roles in MSK radiology but also in other radiology divisions and other departments...

BACKGROUND: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This presentation however is not universally high risk as only 20-30% of bleeds require urgent haemostatic therapy. Nevertheless, the current standard of care is for all patients admitted to an inpatient bed to undergo endoscopy within 24 h for risk stratification which is invasive, costly and difficult to achieve in routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To develop novel non-endoscopic machine learning models for AUGIB to predict the need for haemostatic therapy by endoscopic, radiological or surgical intervention...