Trna

Pseudouridine is the most prevalent RNA modification, and its aberrant function is implicated in various human diseases. However, the specific impact of pseudouridylation on hematopoiesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of tRNA pseudouridylation in erythropoiesis and its association with mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia syndrome (MLASA) pathogenesis. By utilizing patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying a genetic PUS1 mutation and a corresponding mutant mouse model, we demonstrated impaired erythropoiesis in MLASA iPSCs and anemia in the MLASA mouse model...

In this opinion, we discuss the role of tRNAs in phage biology and their importance in DNA replication and phage-host interactions. Phages are a diverse group of obligate bacterial viruses that possess genomes with a wide range of sizes. Among them, we find phages with few genes that depend entirely on their host's translational machinery for replication. However, some phages carry genes for all replication steps and even contain genes for their own translational synthesis. In these cases, the integration of tRNA genes in their genomes is not completely understood, generating different theories about their presence and function during the replication cycle...

The family Sisoridae is one of the largest and most diverse Asiatic catfish families, with most species occurring in the water systems of the Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau and East Himalayas. At present, the phylogenetic relationship of the Sisoridae is relatively chaotic. In this study, the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three species Creteuchiloglanis kamengensis, Glaridoglanis andersonii, and Exostoma sp. were systematically investigated, the phylogenetic relationships of the family were reconstructed and to determine the phylogenetic position of Exostoma sp...

The mountainous region of southern China has been characterized by its complicated environment and topography. Amorphophallus kiusianus Makino 1913 is a representative species of extreme habitat preference that resides mainly in this region. To help study the genetic differentiation mechanisms of A. kiusianus populations, we sequenced the first chloroplast genome of this species using next-generation sequencing. The chloroplast genome was 166,269 bp in length with an average GC content of 36% (GenBank accession number: PP072243)...

BACKGROUND: Pulsatilla saxatilis, a new species of the genus Pulsatilla has been discovered. The morphological information of this species has been well described, but its chloroplast genome characteristics and comparison with species of the same genus remain to be reported. RESULTS: Our results showed that the total length of chloroplast (cp.) genome of P. saxatilis is 162,659 bp, with a GC content of 37.5%. The cp. genome contains 134 genes, including 90 known protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes...

Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin (ART) resistance is driven by mutations in kelch-like protein 13 (PfK13). Quiescence, a key aspect of resistance, may also be regulated by a yet unidentified epigenetic pathway. Transfer RNA modification reprogramming and codon bias translation is a conserved epitranscriptomic translational control mechanism that allows cells to rapidly respond to stress. We report a role for this mechanism in ART-resistant parasites by combining tRNA modification, proteomic and codon usage analyses in ring-stage ART-sensitive and ART-resistant parasites in response to drug...

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has significantly impacted global health, stressing the necessity of basic understanding of the host response to this viral infection. In this study, we investigated how SARS-CoV-2 remodels the landscape of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNA) from a large collection of nasopharyngeal swab samples taken at various time points from patients with distinct symptom severity. High-throughput RNA sequencing analysis revealed a global alteration of the sncRNA landscape, with abundance peaks related to species of 21-23 and 32-33 nucleotides...

The continuous deciphering of crucial biological roles of RNA modifications and their involvement in various pathological conditions, together with their key roles in the use of RNA-based therapeutics, has reignited interest in studying the occurrence and identity of non-canonical ribonucleoside structures during the past years. Discovery and structural elucidation of new modified structures is usually achieved by combination of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at the nucleoside level and stable isotope labeling experiments...

Translation fidelity relies on accurate aminoacylation of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs). AARSs specific for alanine (Ala), leucine (Leu), serine, and pyrrolysine do not recognize the anticodon bases. Single nucleotide anticodon variants in their cognate tRNAs can lead to mistranslation. Human genomes include both rare and more common mistranslating tRNA variants. We investigated three rare human tRNALeu variants that mis-incorporate Leu at phenylalanine or tryptophan codons. Expression of each tRNALeu anticodon variant in neuroblastoma cells caused defects in fluorescent protein production without significantly increased cytotoxicity under normal conditions or in the context of proteasome inhibition...

Lycium qingshuiheense is a typical drought and salt-alkali-tolerant plant, which has been added to the new species of Lycium in recent years. Here, we first sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of L. qingshuiheense to investigate its evolutionary relationship within the family Solanaceae. Results suggested that the circular complete chloroplast genome of L. qingshuiheense was 154,945 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) of 85,930 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) of 18,203 bp, and two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,406 bp...

Castanopsis orthacantha Franch. 1899 is one representative tree species distributed in the evergreen broad-leaved forests of southwestern China. This species is an important source of timber for manufacturing furniture, floors, and paper. It also plays a significant role in maintaining ecological balance and stability. To help with the genetic diversity assessment of C. orthacantha , we sequenced and assembled the first complete chloroplast genome. The length of the chloroplast genome was 160,588 bp, with a typical quadripartite structure (GenBank accession no...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in gut microbes and their metabolites after administering synbiotics to patients with new-onset lupus nephritis (LN) treated using a conventional method and provide a theoretical basis for finding new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of LN. METHODS: In this study, a total of 12 participants were divided into the lupus and synbiotic groups. Stool samples and clinical data were collected before and after treatment for metagenomic, nontargeted metabolomic, and statistical analyses...

The Enterococcus faecium ( E. faecium ) strain AK_C_05 was isolated from cheonggukjang , the Korean traditional food, collected from a local market in South Korea. In this report, we presented the complete genome sequence of E. faecium strain AK_C_05. The genome of E. faecium strain AK_C_05 genome consisted of one circular chromosome (2,691,319 bp) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 38.3% and one circular plasmid (177,732 bp) with a GC content of 35.48%. The Annotation results revealed 2,827 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 18 rRNAs, and 68 tRNA genes...

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that endows cancer cells with increased invasive and migratory capacity enables cancer dissemination and metastasis. This process is tightly associated with metabolic reprogramming acquired for rewiring cell status and signaling pathways for survival in dietary insufficiency conditions. However, it remains largely unclear how transcription factor (TF)-mediated transcriptional programs are modulated during the EMT process. Here we reveal that depletion of a key epithelial TF, ELF3, triggers a TGFβ signaling activation-like mesenchymal transcriptomic profile and metastatic features linked to the aminoacyl-tRNA biogenesis pathway...

Eutrema deltoideum (Hook. f. et Thoms.) has been recognized as a potentially important vegetable and medicinal resource. In this study, we present the complete chloroplast genome of E. deltoideum and conduct a phylogenetic analysis. The chloroplast genome is 154,051 bp long and consists of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,149 bp, two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,065 bp each, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,772 bp. It contains 132 complete genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes...

Zanthoxylum ailanthoides is a deciduous tree, with important medicinal and economic values. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Z. ailanthoides was assembled and the phylogenetic relationship to other species was inferred in this study. The chloroplast genome is 157,209 bp in length, including two inverted repeats of 26,408 bp, a large single-copy of 86,099 bp and a small single copy of 18,294 bp. Moreover, the chloroplast genome contains 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes...

Rhamnella wilsonii Schneid 1914 is a member of the Rhamnaceae and endemic to China. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of R. wilsonii was sequenced and assembled. The complete chloroplast genome was 160,049 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,502 bp, one large single copy (LSC) region of 88,274 bp and one small single copy (SSC) region of 18,771 bp. The genome contained 129 genes, including 8 rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes and 84 protein-coding genes...

Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a new type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) produced by the specific cleavage of precursor or mature tRNAs. tsRNAs are involved in various basic biological processes such as epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translation regulation, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of various human diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have shown that tsRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating biological behaviors such as malignant proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor resistance, and tumor metabolism reprogramming...

BACKGROUND: Anti-synthetase syndrome (AS) is a rare autoimmune idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) with diverse manifestations, including arthritis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), Raynaud's phenomenon, unexplained persistent fever, and mechanic's hands. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 72-year-old woman, previously healthy, who was admitted to our hospital for treatment of cough and rapid breathing. The patient had elevated white blood cells and C-reactive protein, and tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)...

The main metabolic product of the pyridinecarboxamide insecticide flonicamid, N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinyl)glycinamide (TFNG-AM), has been shown to have very high mobility in soil, leading to its accumulation in the environment. Catabolic pathways of flonicamid have been widely reported, but few studies have focused on the metabolism of TFNG-AM. Here, the rapid transformation of TFNG-AM and production of the corresponding acid product N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycine (TFNG) by the plant growth-promoting bacterium Variovorax boronicumulans CGMCC 4969 were investigated...