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Thorben Müller, Alexander Prosche, Caroline Müller
The area of agriculturally used land and following to that the use of pesticides are steadily increasing. Insecticides do not only reduce pest organisms on crops but can also affect non-target organisms when present in sublethal concentrations in the environment. We investigated the effects of an exposure to sublethal pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin) concentrations, at doses 20 and 60 times lower than the LC50, respectively, on reproductive traits and adult cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of a leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae Fabricius)...
July 15, 2017: Environmental Pollution
#2
Saúl Pardo, Ana M Martínez, José I Figueroa, Juan M Chavarrieta, Elisa Viñuela, Ángel Rebollar-Alviter, Mario A Miranda, Javier Valle, Samuel Pineda
BACKGROUND: Control of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the most important pest of citrus worldwide, is based on the use of insecticides, though unsatisfactory results have recently been reported. In this study, insecticide resistance of D. citri to three insecticides (bifenthrin, malathion, and chlorpyrifos) was examined. RESULTS: Three populations (designed Dci-CParácuaro, Dci-El Junco, and Dci-Antúnez) of both adults and fourth-instar D. citri individuals were collected in 2014 at two and one different times, respectively, from three locations (Crucero de Parácuaro, El Junco, and Antúnez)...
July 18, 2017: Pest Management Science
#3
Reinaldo Quispe, Marina Mazón, Alexander Rodríguez-Berrío
The use of non-crop plants to provide the resources that herbivorous crop pests' natural enemies need is being increasingly incorporated into integrated pest management programs. We evaluated insect functional groups found on three refuges consisting of five different plant species each, planted next to a maize crop in Lima, Peru, to investigate which refuge favoured natural control of herbivores considered as pests of maize in Peru, and which refuge plant traits were more attractive to those desirable enemies...
July 18, 2017: Insects
#4
M Pieczynski, A Wyrzykowska, K Milanowska, D Boguszewska-Mankowska, B Zagdanska, W Karlowski, A Jarmolowski, Z Szweykowska-Kulinska
Potato is one of the four most important food crop plants worldwide and is strongly affected by drought. The following two pairs of potato cultivars, which are related in ancestry but show different drought tolerances, were chosen for comparative gene expression studies: Gwiazda/Oberon and Tajfun/Owacja. Comparative RNA-seq analyses of gene expression differences in the transcriptomes obtained from drought-tolerant versus drought-sensitive plants during water shortage conditions were performed. The twenty-three top-ranking genes were selected, 22 of which are described here as novel potato drought-responsive genes...
July 17, 2017: Plant Biotechnology Journal
#5
Juan Ling, Renjie Li, Chinedu Charles Nwafor, Junluo Cheng, Maoteng Li, Qing Xu, Jian Wu, Lu Gan, Qingyong Yang, Chao Liu, Ming Chen, Yongming Zhou, Edgar B Cahoon, Chunyu Zhang
Functional genomics studies of many polyploid crops, including rapeseed (Brassica napus) are constrained by limited tool sets. Here we report development of a gain-of-function platform, termed "iFOX (inducible Full-length cDNA OvereXpressor gene)-Hunting", for inducible expression of B. napus seed cDNAs in Arabidopsis. A Gateway-compatible plant gene expression vector containing a methoxyfenozide-inducible constitutive promoter for transgene expression was developed. This vector was used for cloning of random cDNAs from developing B...
July 17, 2017: Plant Biotechnology Journal
#6
Huong Mai Nguyen, Kaori Sako, Akihiro Matsui, Yuya Suzuki, Mohammad Golam Mostofa, Chien Van Ha, Maho Tanaka, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Yoshiki Habu, Motoaki Seki
High-salinity stress considerably affects plant growth and crop yield. Thus, developing techniques to enhance high-salinity stress tolerance in plants is important. In this study, we revealed that ethanol enhances high-salinity stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the ethanol-induced tolerance, we performed microarray analyses using A. thaliana seedlings. Our data indicated that the expression levels of 1,323 and 1,293 genes were upregulated by ethanol in the presence and absence of NaCl, respectively...
2017: Frontiers in Plant Science
#7
Berta Alquézar, Haroldo Xavier Linhares Volpe, Rodrigo Facchini Magnani, Marcelo Pedreira de Miranda, Mateus Almeida Santos, Nelson Arno Wulff, Jose Mauricio Simões Bento, José Roberto Postali Parra, Harro Bouwmeester, Leandro Peña
Production of citrus, the main fruit tree crop worldwide, is severely threatened by Huanglongbing (HLB), for which as yet a cure is not available. Spread of this bacterial disease in America and Asia is intimately connected with dispersal and feeding of the insect vector Diaphorina citri, oligophagous on rutaceous host plants. Effective control of this psyllid is an important component in successful HLB management programs. Volatiles released from the non-host guava have been shown to be repellent to the psyllid and to inhibit its response to citrus odour...
July 17, 2017: Scientific Reports
#8
Xiaoqin Zhang, Hua Jiang, Hua Wang, Jun Cui, Jiahui Wang, Jiang Hu, Longbiao Guo, Qian Qian, Dawei Xue
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, and its growth, development, yield, and grain quality are susceptible to a deficiency of the macronutrient potassium (K(+)). The molecular mechanism for K(+) deficiency tolerance remains poorly understood. In this study, K(+) deficient conditions were employed to investigate the resulting changes in the transcriptome of rice seedling roots. Using ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) and analysis, a total of 805 differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 536 genes were upregulated and 269 were downregulated...
July 17, 2017: Scientific Reports
#9
REVIEW
Sangam L Dwivedi, Edith T Lammerts van Bueren, Salvatore Ceccarelli, Stefania Grando, Hari D Upadhyaya, Rodomiro Ortiz
Increasing demand for nutritious, safe, and healthy food because of a growing population, and the pledge to maintain biodiversity and other resources, pose a major challenge to agriculture that is already threatened by a changing climate. Diverse and healthy diets, largely based on plant-derived food, may reduce diet-related illnesses. Investments in plant sciences will be necessary to design diverse cropping systems balancing productivity, sustainability, and nutritional quality. Cultivar diversity and nutritional quality are crucial...
July 14, 2017: Trends in Plant Science
#10
Jingjie Hao, Jinliang Yang, Jiangli Dong, Shui-Zhang Fei
Freezing stress substantially reduces crop yields and limits plant distribution. The identification of genes critical for cold acclimation is thus of great importance. C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) are transcription factors that play key regulatory roles in the cold acclimation process, which dramatically increases freezing tolerance in plants. We report here that B. distachyon can successfully cold acclimate and we identified a CBF gene family consisting of eight genes in a tandem array and are designated as BdCBF1-8...
September 2017: Plant Science: An International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
#11
REVIEW
G V Subbarao, J Arango, K Masahiro, A M Hooper, T Yoshihashi, Y Ando, K Nakahara, S Deshpande, I Ortiz-Monasterio, M Ishitani, M Peters, N Chirinda, L Wollenberg, J C Lata, B Gerard, S Tobita, I M Rao, H J Braun, V Kommerell, J Tohme, M Iwanaga
Accelerated soil-nitrifier activity and rapid nitrification are the cause of declining nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and enhanced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from farming. Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is the ability of certain plant roots to suppress soil-nitrifier activity, through production and release of nitrification inhibitors. The power of phytochemicals with BNI-function needs to be harnessed to control soil-nitrifier activity and improve nitrogen-cycling in agricultural systems. Transformative biological technologies designed for genetic mitigation are needed, so that BNI-enabled crop-livestock and cropping systems can rein in soil-nitrifier activity, to help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and globally make farming nitrogen efficient and less harmful to environment...
September 2017: Plant Science: An International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
#12
REVIEW
Rahul Roy, Anthony J Schmitt, Jason B Thomas, Clay J Carter
Plants attract mutualistic animals by offering a reward of nectar. Specifically, floral nectar (FN) is produced to attract pollinators, whereas extrafloral nectar (EFN) mediates indirect defenses through the attraction of mutualist predatory insects to limit herbivory. Nearly 90% of all plant species, including 75% of domesticated crops, benefit from animal-mediated pollination, which is largely facilitated by FN. Moreover, EFN represents one of the few defense mechanisms for which stable effects on plant health and fitness have been demonstrated in multiple systems, and thus plays a crucial role in the resistance phenotype of plants producing it...
September 2017: Plant Science: An International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
#13
Anju Patel, Nrisingha Dey, Shubho Chaudhuri, Amita Pal
Yellow Mosaic Disease caused by the begomovirus Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) severely affects many economically important legumes. Recent investigations in Vigna mungo - MYMIV incompatible interaction identified a MAPK homolog in the defense signaling pathway. An important branch of immunity involves phosphorylation by evolutionary conserved Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that transduce signals of pathogen invasion to downstream molecules leading to diverse immune responses. However, most of the knowledge of MAPKs is derived from model crops, and functions of these versatile kinases are little explored in legumes...
September 2017: Plant Science: An International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
#14
V E Cabrera
The objective of this review paper is to describe the development and application of a suite of more than 40 computerized dairy farm decision support tools contained at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) Dairy Management website http://DairyMGT.info. These data-driven decision support tools are aimed to help dairy farmers improve their decision-making, environmental stewardship and economic performance. Dairy farm systems are highly dynamic in which changing market conditions and prices, evolving policies and environmental restrictions together with every time more variable climate conditions determine performance...
July 18, 2017: Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience
#15
Paolo Nasta, Mario Palladino, Nadia Ursino, Antonio Saracino, Angelo Sommella, Nunzio Romano
During the second half of the 20th century farming systems in hilly and mountainous areas of Mediterranean Europe were progressively abandoned and the forest cover subsequently re-expanded. This paper investigates the environmental impacts of land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes on hydrological ecosystem functions (HEFs) in the Upper Alento River Catchment (UARC) in southern Italy. We document the human-driven post-war landscape in 1955 with its maximum expansion of pasture and crops. By 1998 forest cover had doubled and cropland had roughly halved due to decades of land abandonment and reduction in human pressure...
July 10, 2017: Science of the Total Environment
#16
Oluwaseun F Ogunola, Leigh K Hawkins, Erik Mylroie, Michael V Kolomiets, Eli Borrego, Juliet D Tang, W Paul Williams, Marilyn L Warburton
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a globally important staple food crop prone to contamination by aflatoxin, a carcinogenic secondary metabolite produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. An efficient approach to reduce accumulation of aflatoxin is the development of germplasm resistant to colonization and toxin production by A. flavus. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a group of non-heme iron containing dioxygenase enzymes that catalyze oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). LOX derived oxylipins play critical roles in plant defense against pathogens including A...
2017: PloS One
#17
Enli Wang, Pierre Martre, Zhigan Zhao, Frank Ewert, Andrea Maiorano, Reimund P Rötter, Bruce A Kimball, Michael J Ottman, Gerard W Wall, Jeffrey W White, Matthew P Reynolds, Phillip D Alderman, Pramod K Aggarwal, Jakarat Anothai, Bruno Basso, Christian Biernath, Davide Cammarano, Andrew J Challinor, Giacomo De Sanctis, Jordi Doltra, Elias Fereres, Margarita Garcia-Vila, Sebastian Gayler, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Leslie A Hunt, Roberto C Izaurralde, Mohamed Jabloun, Curtis D Jones, Kurt C Kersebaum, Ann-Kristin Koehler, Leilei Liu, Christoph Müller, Soora Naresh Kumar, Claas Nendel, Garry O'Leary, Jørgen E Olesen, Taru Palosuo, Eckart Priesack, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Dominique Ripoche, Alex C Ruane, Mikhail A Semenov, Iurii Shcherbak, Claudio Stöckle, Pierre Stratonovitch, Thilo Streck, Iwan Supit, Fulu Tao, Peter Thorburn, Katharina Waha, Daniel Wallach, Zhimin Wang, Joost Wolf, Yan Zhu, Senthold Asseng
Increasing the accuracy of crop productivity estimates is a key element in planning adaptation strategies to ensure global food security under climate change. Process-based crop models are effective means to project climate impact on crop yield, but have large uncertainty in yield simulations. Here, we show that variations in the mathematical functions currently used to simulate temperature responses of physiological processes in 29 wheat models account for >50% of uncertainty in simulated grain yields for mean growing season temperatures from 14 °C to 33 °C...
July 17, 2017: Nature Plants
#18
Evelien Uitterhaegen, Laurent Labonne, Othmane Merah, Thierry Talou, Stéphane Ballas, Thierry Véronèse, Philippe Evon
The aim of this study consisted of manufacturing renewable binderless fiberboards from coriander straw and a deoiled coriander press cake, thus at the same time ensuring the valorization of crop residues and process by-products. The press cake acted as a natural binder inside the boards owing to the thermoplastic behavior of its protein fraction during thermopressing. The influence of different fiber-refining methods was evaluated and it was shown that a twin-screw extrusion treatment effectively improved fiber morphology and resulted in fiberboards with enhanced performance as compared to a conventional grinding process...
July 17, 2017: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#19
Xin-Ru Wang, Chao Wang, Fei-Xue Ban, Dan-Tong Zhu, Shu-Sheng Liu, Xiao-Wei Wang
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are essential molecular chaperones that play important roles in the stress stimulation of insects. Bemisia tabaci, a phloem feeder and invasive species, can cause extensive crop damage through direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. Here we employed comprehensive genomics approaches to identity HSP superfamily members in Middle East Asia Minor 1 whitefly genome. In total, we identified 26 Hsp genes, including 3 Hsp90, 17 Hsp70, 1 Hsp60 and 5 sHSP (small heat shock protein, sHSP) genes...
July 17, 2017: Insect Science
#20
Júlio C Martins, Marcelo C Picanço, Ricardo S Silva, Alfredo H R Gonring, Tarcísio V S Galdino, Raul N C Guedes
BACKGROUND: The spatial distribution of insects is due to the interaction between individuals and the environment. Knowledge about the within-field pattern of spatial distribution of a pest is critical to planning control tactics, developing efficient sampling plans, and predicting the pests' damages. The leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is the main pest in tomato crops in several regions of the world. Despite the importance of this pest, the pattern of spatial distribution of T...
July 17, 2017: Pest Management Science
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