Tidal

Seasonally stratified shelf seas are amongst the most biologically productive on the planet. A consequence is that the deeper waters can become oxygen deficient in late summer. Predictions suggest global warming will accelerate this deficiency. Here we integrate turbulence timeseries with vertical profiles of water column properties from a seasonal stratified shelf sea to estimate oxygen and biogeochemical fluxes. The profiles reveal a significant subsurface chlorophyll maximum and associated mid-water oxygen maximum...

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in the ocean has varying degrees of impact on ecosystems and even human health. Coastal tidal zones are crucial in controlling the movement of MPs, which are influenced by waves and tidal forces. Meanwhile, natural nanobubbles (NBs) in the ocean can affect the hydrodynamic properties of the tidal zone. The mobilization of MPs in coastal tidal zones under the effect of NBs has been less studied. In this study, we explored natural NBs' influence on the mobilization of MPs in shorelines subject to seawater infiltration...

INTRODUCTION: PRx can be used as surrogate measure of Cerebral Autoregulation (CA) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. PRx can provide means for individualising cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) targets, such as CPPopt. However, a recent Delphi consensus of clinicians concluded that consensus could not be reached on the accuracy, reliability, and validation of any current CA assessment method. RESEARCH QUESTION: We aimed to quantify the short-term uncertainty of PRx time-trends and to relate this to other physiological measurements...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000001031.].

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension (HTN) are both associated with impaired cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity (CVRCO2 ), an indicator of cerebral vasodilatory reserve. We hypothesised that CVRCO2 would be lower in patients with both AF and HTN (AF + HTN) compared to normotensive AF patients, due to an additive effect of AF and HTN on CVRCO2 . Forty AF (68 ± 9 years) and fifty-seven AF + HTN (68 ± 8 years) patients underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound measurement of middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA Vm ) during stepped increases and decreases in end-tidal carbon dioxide (PET CO2 )...

BACKGROUND: Preoxygenation is universally recommended before induction of general anaesthesia to prolong safe apnoea time. The optimal technique for preoxygenation is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to determine the preoxygenation technique associated with the greatest effectiveness in adult patients having general anaesthesia. METHODS: We searched six databases for randomised controlled trials of patients aged ≥16 yr, receiving general anaesthesia in any setting and comparing different preoxygenation techniques and methods...

Although saltmarshes are critical coastal ecosystems they are threatened by human activities and sea-level rise (SLR). Long-term restoration and management strategies are often hampered by an insufficient understanding of the past, present, and future processes that influence tidal wetland functionality and change. As understanding vegetation distribution in relation to elevation and tidal hydroperiod is often the basis of restoration and management decisions, this study investigated the relationships between micro-topography, tidal hydroperiod, and the distribution of saltmarshes, mangroves, and unvegetated flats in a tropical estuary situated within a Great Barrier Reef Catchment in North Queensland, Australia...

Extreme heat caused by climate change is increasing transmission of infectious diseases resulting in a sharp rise in heat-related illness and mortality. Understanding mechanistic link between heat, inflammation and disease is thus important for public health. Thermal hyperpnea, and consequent respiratory alkalosis is crucial in febrile seizures and convulsions induced by heat stress in humans. Here we address what causes thermal hyperpnea in neonates and how is it affected by inflammation. TRPV1, a heat-activated channel is sensitized by inflammation and modulates breathing, and thus may play a key role...

A novel Paracoccus-related strain, designated YLB-12T , was isolated from a sediment sample from the tidal zone of Shapowei Port, Xiamen, Fujian Province, PR China. The novel strain is a Gram-stain-negative, short, rod-shaped, nonmotile, catalase- and oxidase-positive strain that grows at 10-37 °C and pH 5.0-9.0 in the presence of 0-12.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that this strain belongs to the genus Paracoccus and that its highest sequence similarity was to Paracoccus homiensis DD-R11T (98...

BACKGROUND: Chronic lung disease (CLD) occurs frequently in preterm infants and is associated with respiratory morbidity. Bronchodilators have the potential effect of dilating small airways with muscle hypertrophy. Increased compliance and tidal volume, and decreased airway resistance, have been documented with the use of bronchodilators in infants with CLD. Therefore, bronchodilators are widely considered to have a role in the prevention and treatment of CLD, but there remains uncertainty as to whether they improve clinical outcomes...

The United Kingdom's Fifth National Audit Project investigated the incidence and causes of accidental awareness during general anaesthesia. Subsequently, guidelines produced by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland provide key recommendations to minimise awareness. These include using processed electroencephalogram for patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia while paralysed and using audible low end-tidal anaesthetic concentration alarms. The Southcoast Perioperative Audit and Research Collaboration undertook a five-day regional service evaluation, assessing the measures in place to minimise awareness and conducting a practitioner survey...

Background The use of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) in neonatology has been introduced in the last decade. This study was performed to determine the impact of clinical implementation of volume-targeted conventional mechanical ventilation using the volume guarantee mode in mechanical ventilation of all neonates needing mechanical ventilation compared to pressure-limited ventilation (PLV) modes. The mortality rate, duration of mechanical ventilation, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were the primary outcomes of the study...

Prolonged times to tracheal extubation are associated with adverse patient and economic outcomes. We simulated awakening patients from sevoflurane after long-duration surgery at 2% end-tidal concentration, 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in a 40-year-old. Our end-of-surgery target was 0.5 MAC, the Michigan Awareness Control Study's threshold for intraoperative alerts. Consider an anesthetist who uses a 1 liter/minute gas flow until surgery ends. During surgical closure, the inspired sevoflurane concentration is reduced from 2...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential effect of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block (SGB) on lung protection for patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV). METHODS: A total of 123 patients undergoing elective one-lung ventilation surgery were selected as research subjects in this prospective study. These patients were randomly divided into the SGB group, control group and blank group on average. Stellate ganglion block was carried out in the SGB and control groups...

BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation with variable tidal volumes (V-VCV) has the potential to improve lung function during general anesthesia. We tested the hypothesis that V-VCV compared to conventional volume-controlled ventilation (C-VCV) would improve intraoperative arterial oxygenation and respiratory system mechanics in patients undergoing thoracic surgery under one-lung ventilation (OLV). METHODS: Patients were randomized to V-VCV (n = 39) or C-VCV (n = 39)...

OBJECTIVE: Test the hypothesis that one-lung ventilation with variable tidal volume improves intraoperative oxygenation and reduces postoperative pulmonary complications after lung resection. BACKGROUND: Constant tidal volume and respiratory rate ventilation can lead to atelectasis. Animal and human ARDS studies indicate that oxygenation improves with variable tidal volumes. Since one-lung ventilation shares characteristics with ARDS, we tested the hypothesis that one-lung ventilation with variable tidal volume improves intraoperative oxygenation and reduces postoperative pulmonary complications after lung resection...

Mercury (Hg) is known to affect aquatic, terrestrial ecosystems as well as human health, through biomagnification. Mangrove wetlands are potential Hg sinks because of their low tidal velocity, fast sedimentation rate, strong reducing condition and high organic matter content. The spatial and temporal distribution of Hg has been a hot topic of recent studies in mangrove wetlands. In this study, we investigated Hg concentration, accumulation rate and isotopes to reconstruct the Hg pollution history and to differentiate its potential sources in the Gaoqiao mangrove wetland (Guangdong province), which is part of the largest mangrove area in China...

Introduction The utilization of Cymodocea serrulata for the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, which contain distinguishable nanostructures, presents a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative for producing zinc nanoparticles. The production process of zinc nanoparticles are rich in phytochemicals, which can serve as stabilizing and reducing agents. Zinc nanoparticles can easily pass through bacterial cell walls and reach all cellular components. C. serrulata , is a small submerged angiosperm commonly found in submerged and tidal coastal environments...

BACKGROUND: Delayed extubation and transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) in children undergoing major scoliosis surgery may increase postoperative complications, prolong hospital stay, and increase medical expenses; however, whether a child will require delayed extubation or transfer to the ICU after scoliosis orthopedic surgery is not fully understood. In this study, we reviewed the risk factors for delayed extubation and transfer to the ICU after scoliosis orthopedic surgery in children...

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of acute normobaric hypoxia on standing balance under single and dual-task conditions, both with and without visual input. METHODS: 20 participants (7 female, 20-31 years old) stood on a force plate for 16, 90-s trials across four balance conditions: single-task (quiet stance) or dual-task (auditory Stroop test), with eyes open or closed. Trials were divided into four oxygen conditions where the fraction of inspired oxygen (FI O2 ) was manipulated (normoxia: 0...