Mandible

Sublingual gland herniation into the submandibular space through a mylohyoid muscle defect is a common anatomical variation; however, salivary gland cancers that arise from a herniated sublingual gland have not been described yet. Here, we report three patients with salivary gland cancers originating from a herniated sublingual gland. All tumors were detected as palpable submandibular masses, located anterior to the submandibular gland, medial to the mandible, and lateral to the mylohyoid muscle, with contact with the sublingual gland through a mylohyoid muscle defect...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the dentoskeletal effects and effectiveness of the eruption guidance appliance in Class III patients in the mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental group comprised 22 patients with Class III malocclusion and anterior cross-bite (12 males, 10 females, mean age 7.63 ± 0.96 years) treated with the eruption guidance appliance over a mean period of 1.72 ± 0.48 years. The control group comprised 22 untreated subjects (12 males, 10 females, mean age 7...

OBJECTIVES: To survey treatment-planning practices of orthodontists related to the Invisalign Lite clear aligner appliance (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria and treated with Invisalign Lite were selected from a database containing more than 17,000 patients. Relevant data regarding treatment-planning practices were obtained from Align Technology's treatment-planning facility, ClinCheck, and evaluated...

Cherubism, an uncommon genetic disorder, manifests as painless swelling in both jaws. A 20-year-old male presented with symmetrical swelling in both the mandible and maxilla. The jaws exhibited bilateral expansion, typical of this condition. Dentofacial abnormalities associated with cherubism stem from mutations in the SH3BP2 gene, which plays a crucial role in regulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In summary, cherubism is a genetic disorder characterized by non-cancerous jaw bone lesions. Surgical intervention may be necessary for functional or aesthetic concerns...

Ameloblastoma in dogs most often has a highly conserved acanthomatous cell morphology and is recognized as canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) while conventional ameloblastoma (CA) makes up a smaller yet morphologically diverse group of epithelial odontogenic tumors. In humans, a rare desmoplastic histological subtype has distinctive clinical, radiological, and microscopic features. Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) has not previously been described in dogs, although it has been rarely referenced in the veterinary literature...

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: Describe the injury characteristics of ballistic fractures involving the atlantoaxial spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Civilian gunshot wounds to the spine are an increasingly common injury in the United States. Civilian studies have focused on ballistic injuries to the entire spine as opposed to a region-specific fashion. Only a single 10-patient case series investigating ballistic fractures to the upper cervical spine (C1 and C2) exists, leaving a large gap in the understanding of this injury complex...

Tooth impaction is a condition in which a tooth does not reach its normal position and is often observed in the third mandibular molar due to inadequate space. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and configuration of the impacted third molars with an emphasis on angular orientations in a sample of the Ethiopian population. This cross-sectional study included a retrospective analysis of 291 patient records and orthopantomography data from the archives of a private dental clinic in Addis Ababa, during the study period from December 2020 to November 2022...

Stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) represent a significant saproxylic assemblage in forest ecosystems and are noted for their enlarged mandibles and male polymorphism. Despite their relevance as ideal models for the study of exaggerated mandibles that aid in attracting mates, the regulatory mechanisms associated with these traits remain understudied, and restricted by the lack of high-quality reference genomes for stag beetles. To address this limitation, we successfully assembled the first chromosome-level genome of a representative species Dorcus hopei...

BACKGROUND: The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a benign developmental cyst of the jaws that is characterized by a high recurrence rate. METHODS: A systematic review is presented of reported cases, case series, and retrospective studies of recurrent cases of glandular odontogenic cysts, to determine the overall and detailed demographic features with documentation of the specific histologic features of the initial presentation of each cyst. Searches of detailed databases were carried out to identify articles published in the English language from 1988 to 2023...

This study assessed the current evidence for the use of TMJR reconstruction in skeletally immature patients. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search in PubMed and Embase was performed. Meta-analysis randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, observational studies, case series, and case reports were eligible for inclusion. Case reports were also included due to the limited number of publications identified with the predefined terms. Exclusion criteria were: (1) studies written in a language other than English; (2) full-text unavailability (i...

Rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2-related fusions (TFCP2-RMS) is a rare entity that commonly affects young adults with a predilection for skeletal involvement. We herein report a 40-year-old female patient with TFCP2-RMS who was misdiagnosed as fibrous dysplasia or low-grade central osteosarcoma of the mandible by referring institutions. Histologically, the tumor showed dominant spindle cells and focal epithelioid cells with marked immature woven bone formation. Immunophenotypically, in addition to the characteristic expression of myogenic markers, ALK, and cytokeratins, tumor cells also unusually expressed osteogenic markers, such as MDM2 and SATB2...

The parasymphysis area of the mandible is highly dynamic because it is subjected to both occlusal and muscular forces. As a result, the fractures in this transition zone have a special pattern, posing a challenge for surgeons whether to use one miniplate versus two miniplates, as per Champy's recommendations. The commonest complication resulting to treat this area is mental nerve paraesthesia due to the dissection and stretching of the nerve. Hence, an in vitro research study of a newly designed 'Zeta' miniplate is performed, to evaluate the biomechanical behaviour using finite element (FE) analysis and biomechanical analysis along with a comparison study with the conventional miniplate configurations...

The anatomically complex craniofacial skeleton demands special consideration when caring for cases of polytrauma or medically compromised patients with craniofacial fractures. This paper utilises a systematic review and multidisciplinary opinions to create an algorithm for the hospital-based care of patients with craniofacial fractures (base of skull, orbit, paranasal sinus, and mandible) who require non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Each fracture location has a unique predisposition to a different type of emphysema and associated morbidity...

BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive, benign tumor presenting in the maxilla and mandible prone to recurrence. Resection greatly limits recurrence; however, reconstruction becomes critical to preserve patients' functionality and esthetics. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe surgical resection and reconstructive approaches in the treatment of ameloblastoma and compare clinical outcomes to conservative methods of treatment. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: A retrospective case series was completed through analysis of patient records...

We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of physical training as a protective strategy to mitigate alveolar bone damage and blood antioxidant defense caused by ethanol (EtOH) consumption in a binge-drinking pattern. Male Wistar rats aged approximately 90 days were divided into four groups: control, training, EtOH, and training + EtOH. The physical training protocol was conducted on a treadmill for four consecutive weeks, while the animals in the EtOH group were administered EtOH via orogastric gavage for three consecutive days each week, following the binge drink pattern...

Case report. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is a potentially devastating consequence of head and neck irradiation. The progression of ORN can lead to loss of bone, teeth, soft tissue necrosis, pathologic fracture, and oro-cutaneous fistula. Reconstructive surgery has mostly been reserved for late-stage disease where segmental resections are frequently necessary. Evidence is emerging to support earlier treatment in the form of debridement in combination with soft tissue free flaps for intermediate-stage ORN...

Ants are crucial ecosystem engineers, and their ecological success is facilitated by a division of labour among sterile "workers". In some ant lineages, workers have undergone further morphological differentiation, resulting in differences in body size, shape, or both. Distinguishing between changes in size and shape is not trivial. Traditional approaches based on allometry reduce complex 3D shapes into simple linear, areal, or volume metrics; modern approaches using geometric morphometrics typically rely on landmarks, introducing observer bias and a trade-off between effort and accuracy...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present the development of a database (dataset) of panoramic radiographs. STUDY DESIGN: Three radiologists labeled an image set consisting of 936 panoramic radiographs. Labeling includes tooth numbering (including teeth present and missing) and annotation of dental conditions (e.g., caries, dental restoration, residual root, endodontic treatment, implant, fixed prosthesis, incisal wear). The annotation process was performed in a Picture Archive and Communication System software customized for the study purposes using a small bounding box to delimit the entire tooth and items for radiographic diagnosis and a large bounding box to simultaneously delimit the 2 dental arches (maxilla and mandible)...

INTRODUCTION: The degree of bone involvement in mandibular squamous cell carcinoma has a significant impact on surgical planning. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the evaluation of invasion by mandibular squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted to identify subjects treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). All subjects had OSCC adjacent or fixed to the mandible, received preoperative CBCT and multislice computed tomography scan (MSCT), and had resection specimens that included bone...

To minimize condylar positional and morphological changes after mandibular advancement through bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO), surgeons add either a bicortical screw or a two-hole plate distal to the conventional single miniplate. Since there have been no previous studies investigating the effect of this combination, our study aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of these adjunctive fixation methods (AFM) on condylar positional and morphological changes after mandibular advancement through BSSRO...