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OBJECTIVE: The objective was to explore the possible relationship between the serum vitamin D level and olfactory impairment in a population of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Guizhou, China. METHODS: We included 25 patients with MS and 18 healthy controls (HCs) who were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from February 2021 to September 2021. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used to test the patients' sense of smell, and the level of serum 25-hydroxyethylene polyprotein D was measured...

(1) Background: It is our purpose to identify the differences in the changes in Complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) levels showing the degree of inflammation at onset and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels showing the extent of survival of the virus fragments after recovery between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pneumonia coronavirus disease (non-COVID-19) for saving patients' lives. (2) Methods: First, the studies showing these markers' levels in individual patients before and after the passage of time were selected from the PubMed Central® databases with the keywords (((COVID-19) AND individual) NOT review) AND C5a/IgG...

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disease that can lead to severe sequelae such as hemiplegia and mental retardation with a mortality rate of up to 40%. In this paper, we proposed an automatic segmentation network (CHSNet) to segment the lesions in cranial CT images based on the characteristics of acute cerebral hemorrhage images, such as high density, multi-scale, and variable location, and realized the three-dimensional (3D) visualization and localization of the cranial lesions after the segmentation was completed...

Detailed knowledge of female pelvic floor anatomy is essential for midwifery and other professionals in obstetrics. Physical models have shown great potential for teaching anatomy and enhancing surgical skills. In this article, we introduce an innovative physical anatomy model called "Pelvic+" to teach anatomical relationships in the female pelvis. The Pelvic+ model's value was compared to a traditional lecture in 61 first-year midwifery students randomly allocated to either the Pelvic+ (n = 30) or a control group (n = 32)...

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Although some patients benefit from immunotherapy, the majority of patients have unsatisfactory immunotherapy outcomes, and the clinical significance of immune-related genes in gastric cancer remains unknown. We used the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method to evaluate the immune cell content of gastric cancer patients from TCGA and clustered patients based on immune cell scores. The Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) algorithm was used to identify immune subtype-related genes...

BACKGROUND: Although the morphological changes of sella turcica have been drawing increasing attention, the acquirement of linear parameters of sella turcica relies on manual measurement. Manual measurement is laborious, time-consuming, and may introduce subjective bias. This paper aims to develop and evaluate a deep learning-based model for automatic segmentation and measurement of sella turcica in cephalometric radiographs. METHODS: 1129 images were used to develop a deep learning-based segmentation network for automatic sella turcica segmentation...

OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges for sick preterm babies and their parents. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the postnatal bonding of mothers who were not permitted to visit and touch their babies who were in the neonatal intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cohort study conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Turkey. The participants consisted of mothers who were offered full rooming in with their baby (group 1, n = 32) and mothers whose newborns had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit immediately after delivery and were hospitalized for at least 7 days (group 2, n = 44)...

OBJECTIVE: Microlearning has been found to be beneficial in other areas of healthcare education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a microlearning module compared to a traditional online learning module in undergraduate medical education. DESIGN: A microlearning module was developed to cover the etiology and management of gallbladder disease. Surgery clerkship students were randomized into 2 groups. One group began with the microlearning module (MLM)...

In the past years, the gamma-ray detector designs based on the monolithic crystals have demonstrated to be excellent candidates for the design of high-performance PET systems. The monolithic crystals allow to achieve the intrinsic detector resolutions well below state-of-the-art; to increase packing fraction thus, increasing the system sensitivity; and to improve lesion detectability at the edges of the scanner field of view (FOV) because of their intrinsic depth of interaction (DOI) capabilities. The bottleneck to translate to the clinical PET systems based on a large number of monolithic detectors is eventually the requirement of mechanically complex and time-consuming calibration processes...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the progression of 3-, 4-, and 6-kHz thresholds (pure-tone average) over 5 years and determine the most critical period for occupational risk among workers exposed and nonexposed to noise. DESIGN: Metallurgical workers were divided into 2 groups: noise-exposed and non-noise-exposed groups. The 6 initial audiometric tests of each worker were analyzed as baseline test and annual tests 1 to 5. RESULTS: A total of 845 workers were included, 748 in the noise-exposed group and 97 in the non-noise-exposed group, resulting in 5070 tests analyzed...

INTRODUCTION: Current Brazilian legislation requires that all workers exposed to noise are to be given an audiogram upon hiring, after 6 months of employment (first periodic test), and annually after the first periodic test. In other countries, the regulations of hearing conservation programs do not include the requirement for audiometric testing at 6 months of employment, but only annually. There is no evidence that the periodicity adopted by Brazilian legislation is the most appropriate...

In patients with depression, the use of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors can improve the condition. Machine learning methods can be used in ligand-based activity prediction processes. In order to predict SERT inhibitors, the SERT inhibitor data from the ChEMBL database was screened and pre-processed. Then 4 machine learning methods (LR, SVM, RF, and KNN) and 4 molecular fingerprints (CDK, Graph, MACCS, and PubChem) were used to build 16 prediction models. The top 5 models of accuracy (Q) in the cross-validation of training set were used to build three different ensemble learning models...

This paper presents H-Voice, a dataset of 6672 histograms of original and fake voice recordings obtained by the Imitation [1,2] and the Deep Voice [3] methods. The dataset is organized into six directories: Training_fake , Training_original , Validation_fake , Validation_original , External_test1 , and External_test2 . The training directories include 2088 histograms of fake voice recordings and 2020 histograms of original voice recordings. Each validation directory has 864 histograms obtained from fake voice recordings and original voice recordings...

BACKGROUND: Little evidence is available regarding the benefit of ridge preservation (RP) at molar sites. The primary objective of this three-arm cohort study was to histologically compare the healing outcome between natural healing after molar tooth extraction and two different techniques of RP using freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and a nonresorbable dense polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membrane, or an absorbable collagen sponge as a barrier. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients requiring extraction and delayed implant placement were placed into three groups: extraction alone (control); ridge preserved using FDBA; and either dPTFE (Test1) or collagen sponge (Test2)...

PURPOSE: Large inter-individual variation exists in maximal fat oxidation rates (MFO) and the exercise intensity at which it occurs (FATMAX). However, there is no data describing the shape of the fat oxidation curve or, if individual differences exist when tested on separate occasions. Furthermore, there is limited data on fat metabolism in professional team sport athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test-retest the concavity (shape) and intercept (height) of fat oxidation curves within a group of professional soccer players...

BACKGROUND: Providing high-quality chest compressions and rescue breaths are key elements in the effectiveness of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. AIM: To investigate the effects of a strength training programme on the quality of prolonged basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a manikin. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental trial. Thirty-nine participants with prior basic life support knowledge were randomised to an experimental or control group...

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents an empirical study of a formative mobile-based assessment approach that can be used to provide students with intelligent diagnostic feedback to test its educational effectiveness. METHOD: An audience response system called SIDRA was integrated with a neural network-based data analysis to generate diagnostic feedback for guided learning. A total of 200 medical students enrolled in a General and Descriptive Anatomy of the Locomotor System course were taught using two different methods...

Everyday listening may be experienced as effortful, especially by individuals with hearing loss. This may be due to internal factors, such as cognitive load, and external factors, such as noise. Even when speech is audible, internal and external factors may combine to reduce cognitive spare capacity, or the ability to engage in cognitive processing of spoken information. A better understanding of cognitive spare capacity and how it can be optimally allocated may guide new approaches to rehabilitation and ultimately improve outcomes...

Diurnal sleep effects on consolidation of a complex, ecological valid gross motor adaptation task were examined using a bicycle with an inverse steering device. We tested 24 male subjects aged between 20 and 29 years using a between-subjects design. Participants were trained to adapt to the inverse steering bicycle during 45 min. Performance was tested before (TEST1) and after (TEST2) training, as well as after a 2 h retention interval (TEST3). During retention, participants either slept or remained awake. To assess gross motor performance, subjects had to ride the inverse steering bicycle 3 × 30 m straight-line and 3 × 30 m through a slalom...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic debilitating disease affecting ruminants worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to determine the major gene networks and pathways underlying the immune response to MAP infection using whole-blood cells, as well as provide the potential transcriptional markers for identifying the status of MAP infection. We analyzed the transcriptional profiles of whole-blood cells of cattle identified and grouped according to the presence of MAP-specific antibodies and the MAP shed by them...