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REVIEW
Rachele Ossola, Delphine Farmer
Atmospheric chemists have historically treated leaves as inert surfaces that merely emit volatile hydrocarbons. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that leaves are ubiquitous substrates for multiphase reactions-implying the presence of chemicals on their surfaces. This Review provides an overview of the chemistry and reactivity of the leaf surface's "chemical landscape", the dynamic ensemble of compounds covering plant leaves. We classified chemicals as endogenous (originating from the plant and its biome) or exogenous (delivered from the environment), highlighting the biological, geographical, and meteorological factors driving their contributions...
April 23, 2024: Chemical Reviews
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Donald A Bryant, Christopher J Gisriel
Cyanobacteria, red algae, and cryptophytes produce two classes of proteins for light-harvesting: water-soluble phycobiliproteins and membrane-intrinsic proteins that bind chlorophylls and carotenoids. In cyanobacteria, red algae, and glaucophytes, phycobilisomes (PBS) are complexes of brightly colored phycobiliproteins and linker (assembly) proteins. To date, six structural classes of phycobilisomes have been described: hemiellipsoidal, block-shaped, hemidiscoidal, bundle-shaped, paddle-shaped, and far-red-light bicylindrical...
April 23, 2024: Plant Cell
#23
EDITORIAL
Mihkaila Maurine Wickline
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 2024: Nursing Research
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johanna Woitzel, Hans Alves
People perceive out-groups, minorities, and novel groups more negatively than in-groups, majorities, and familiar groups. Previous research has argued that such intergroup biases may be caused by the order in which people typically encounter social groups. Groups that are relatively novel to perceivers (e.g., out-groups, minorities) are primarily associated with distinct attributes that differentiate them from familiar groups. Because distinct attributes are typically negative, attitudes toward novel groups are negatively biased...
April 23, 2024: Psychological Science
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Soo Heon Kwak, Ryan B Hernandez-Cancela, Daniel A DiCorpo, David E Condon, Jordi Merino, Peitao Wu, Jennifer A Brody, Jie Yao, Xiuqing Guo, Fariba Ahmadizar, Mariah Meyer, Murat Sincan, Josep M Mercader, Sujin Lee, Jeffrey Haessler, Ha My T Vy, Zhaotong Lin, Nicole D Armstrong, Shaopeng Gu, Noah L Tsao, Leslie A Lange, Ningyuan Wang, Kerri L Wiggins, Stella Trompet, Simin Liu, Ruth J F Loos, Renae Judy, Philip H Schroeder, Natalie R Hasbani, Maxime M Bos, Alanna C Morrison, Rebecca D Jackson, Alexander P Reiner, JoAnn E Manson, Ninad S Chaudhary, Lynn K Carmichael, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Kent D Taylor, Mohsen Ghanbari, Joyce van Meurs, Achilleas N Pitsillides, Bruce M Psaty, Raymond Noordam, Ron Do, Kyong Soo Park, J Wouter Jukema, Maryam Kavousi, Adolfo Correa, Stephen S Rich, Scott M Damrauer, Catherine Hajek, Nam H Cho, Marguerite R Irvin, James S Pankow, Girish N Nadkarni, Robert Sladek, Mark O Goodarzi, Jose C Florez, Daniel I Chasman, Susan R Heckbert, Charles Kooperberg, Josée Dupuis, Rajeev Malhotra, Paul S de Vries, Ching-Ti Liu, Jerome I Rotter, James B Meigs
OBJECTIVE: To identify genetic risk factors for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a multiancestry time-to-event genome-wide association study for incident CVD among people with T2D. We also tested 204 known coronary artery disease (CAD) variants for association with incident CVD. RESULTS: Among 49,230 participants with T2D, 8,956 had incident CVD events (event rate 18...
April 23, 2024: Diabetes Care
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Qin, Min Wang, Xintong Meng, Mengge Wang, Haojia Jiang, Yanjie Gao, Jingxin Li, Chunyuan Zhao, Chaofeng Han, Wei Zhao, Xuexing Zheng
Optimal activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein is crucial for host defenses against pathogens and avoiding detrimental effects. Various post-translational modifications control STING activity. However, the function of interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 modification (ISGylation) in controlling STING stability and activation is unclear. Here, we show that the E3 ISGylation ligases HECT domain- and RCC1-like domain-containing proteins (HERCs; HERC5 in humans and HERC6 in mice) facilitate STING activation by mediating ISGylation of STING at K150, preventing its K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation...
April 21, 2024: Cell Reports
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunguang Qiu, Yuan Hou, Dhruv Gohel, Yadi Zhou, Jielin Xu, Marina Bykova, Yuxin Yang, James B Leverenz, Andrew A Pieper, Ruth Nussinov, Jessica Z K Caldwell, J Mark Brown, Feixiong Cheng
Shifts in the magnitude and nature of gut microbial metabolites have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the host receptors that sense and respond to these metabolites are largely unknown. Here, we develop a systems biology framework that integrates machine learning and multi-omics to identify molecular relationships of gut microbial metabolites with non-olfactory G-protein-coupled receptors (termed the "GPCRome"). We evaluate 1.09 million metabolite-protein pairs connecting 408 human GPCRs and 335 gut microbial metabolites...
April 21, 2024: Cell Reports
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sepehr Shirani, Bahman Abdi-Sargezeh, Antonio Valentin, Gonzalo Alarcon, Jordan Bird, Saeid Sanei
Identification of seizure sources in the brain is of paramount importance, particularly for drug-resistant epilepsy patients who may require surgical operation. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), which may or may not be frequent, are known to originate from seizure networks. Delayed responses (DRs) to brain electrical stimulation have been recently discovered. If DRs and IEDs come from the same location and the DRs can be accurately localized, there will be a significant step in identification of the seizure sources...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sina Aeeneh, Nikola Zlatanov, Jiangshan Yu
Majority voting is a simple mathematical function that returns the most frequently occurring value within a given set. As a popular decision fusion technique (DFT), the majority voting function (MVF) finds applications in resolving conflicts, where several independent voters report their opinions on a classification problem. Despite its importance and its various applications in ensemble learning, data crowdsourcing, remote sensing, and data oracles for blockchains, the accuracy of the MVF for the general multiclass classification problem has remained unknown...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zheng Wang, Zhenwei Gao, Yang Yang, Guoqing Wang, Chengbo Jiao, Heng Tao Shen
Despite its significant progress, cross-modal retrieval still suffers from one-to-many matching cases, where the multiplicity of semantic instances in another modality could be acquired by a given query. However, existing approaches usually map heterogeneous data into the learned space as deterministic point vectors. In spite of their remarkable performance in matching the most similar instance, such deterministic point embedding suffers from the insufficient representation of rich semantics in one-to-many correspondence...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhikai Hu, Yiu-Ming Cheung, Mengke Li, Weichao Lan
Cross-modal hashing (CMH) has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Almost all existing CMH methods primarily focus on reducing the modality gap and semantic gap, i.e., aligning multi-modal features and their semantics in Hamming space, without taking into account the space gap, i.e., difference between the real number space and the Hamming space. In fact, the space gap can affect the performance of CMH methods. In this paper, we analyze and demonstrate how the space gap affects the existing CMH methods, which therefore raises two problems: solution space compression and loss function oscillation...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shaolun Ruan, Zhiding Liang, Qiang Guan, Paul Griffin, Xiaolin Wen, Yanna Lin, Yong Wang
With the rapid development of Quantum Machine Learning, quantum neural networks (QNN) have experienced great advancement in the past few years, harnessing the advantages of quantum computing to significantly speed up classical machine learning tasks. Despite their increasing popularity, the quantum neural network is quite counter-intuitive and difficult to understand, due to their unique quantum-specific layers (e.g., data encoding and measurement) in their architecture. It prevents QNN users and researchers from effectively understanding its inner workings and exploring the model training status...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William Simkulet
Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which a gamete (ovum or sperm) develops without being fertilized. Tomer Jordi Chaffer uses parthenogenesis to challenge Don Marquis' future-like-ours (FLO) argument against abortion. According to Marquis, (1) what makes it morally wrong to kill us is that it would deprive us of a possible future that we might come to value-a future "like ours" (FLO) and (2) human fetuses are numerically identical to any adult human organism they may develop into, and thus have a FLO...
April 23, 2024: Bioethics
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pedro Barata, Shuchi Gulati, Andrew Elliott, Hans J Hammers, Earle F Burgess, Benjamin A Gartrell, Sourat Darabi, Mehmet A Bilen, Arnab Basu, Daniel M Geynisman, Nancy A Dawson, Matthew R Zibelman, Tian Zhang, Shuanzeng Wei, Charles J Ryan, Elisabeth I Heath, Kelsey A Poorman, Chadi Nabhan, Rana R McKay
Molecular profiling of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tumors of clinical trial patients has identified distinct transcriptomic signatures with predictive value, yet data in non-clear cell variants (nccRCC) are lacking. We examined the transcriptional profiles of RCC tumors representing key molecular pathways, from a multi-institutional, real-world patient cohort, including ccRCC (n = 508) and centrally-reviewed nccRCC (n = 149) samples. ccRCC had increased angiogenesis signature scores compared to the heterogeneous group of nccRCC tumors (mean z-score 0...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Clinical Investigation
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iset M Vera, Anne Kessler, Visopo Harawa, Ajisa Ahmadu, Thomas E Keller, Stephen Tj Ray, Terrie E Taylor, Stephen J Rogerson, Wilson L Mandala, Morayma Reyes Gil, Karl B Seydel, Kami Kim
BACKGROUND: Features of consumptive coagulopathy and thromboinflammation are prominent in cerebral malaria (CM). We hypothesized that thrombogenic autoantibodies contribute to a procoagulant state in CM. METHODS: Plasma from children with uncomplicated malaria (UM, n = 124) and CM (n = 136) was analyzed by ELISA for a panel of 8 autoantibodies including anti-Platelet Factor 4/polyanion (anti-PF4/P), anti-Phospholipid, anti-Phosphatidylserine, anti-Myeloperoxidase, anti-Proteinase 3, anti-dsDNA, anti-Beta-2-Glycoprotein I (β2GPI), and anti-Cardiolipin...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Clinical Investigation
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charlotte Domblides, Steven Crampton, Hong Liu, Juliet M Bartleson, Annie Nguyen, Claudia Champagne, Emily E Landy, Lindsey Spiker, Christopher Proffitt, Sunil Bhattarai, Anissa P Grawe, Matias Fuentealba Valenzuela, Lydia Lartigue, Isabelle Mahouche, Jeremy Dupaul-Chicoine, Kazuho Nishimura, Félix Lefort, Marie Decraecker, Valérie Velasco, Sonia Netzer, Vincent Pitard, Christian Roy, Isabelle Soubeyran, Victor Racine, Patrick Blanco, Julie Déchanet-Merville, Maya Saleh, Scott W Canna, David Furman, Benjamin Faustin
The immune system can control cancer progression. However, even though some innate immune sensors of cellular stress are expressed intrinsically in epithelial cells, their potential role in cancer aggressiveness and subsequent overall survival in humans is mainly unknown. Here, we show that NLR family CARD Domain Containing 4 (NLRC4) is downregulated in epithelial tumor cells of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients by using spatial tissue imaging. Strikingly, only the loss of tumor NLRC4 but not stromal is associated with poor immune infiltration (mainly dendritic and CD4+/CD8+ T cells) and accurately predicts progression to metastatic Stage IV and decrease of overall survival...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Clinical Investigation
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashley M Fuller, Hawley C Pruitt, Ying Liu, Valerie M Irizarry-Negron, Hehai Pan, Hoogeun Song, Ann DeVine, Rohan S Katti, Samir Devalaraja, Gabrielle E Ciotti, Michael V Gonzalez, Erik F Williams, Ileana Murazzi, Dimitris Ntekoumes, Nicolas Skuli, Hakon Hakonarson, Daniel J Zabransky, Jose G Trevino, Ashani Weeraratna, Kristy Weber, Malay Haldar, Joseph A Fraietta, Sharon Gerecht, T S Karin Eisinger-Mathason
CD8+ T cell dysfunction impedes anti-tumor immunity in solid cancers but the underlying mechanisms are diverse and poorly understood. Extracellular matrix (ECM) composition has been linked to impaired T cell migration and enhanced tumor progression; however, impacts of individual ECM molecules on T cell function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are only beginning to be elucidated. Upstream regulators of aberrant ECM deposition and organization in solid tumors are equally ill-defined. Therefore, we investigated how ECM composition modulates CD8+ T cell function in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), an immunologically active desmoplastic tumor...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Clinical Investigation
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ananyaa Sridhar, Peter R Flatt, Matthew Draper, Andrei I Tarasov, R Charlotte Moffett, Nigel Irwin, Dawood Khan
OBJECTIVES: Dopamine and related receptors are evidenced in pancreatic endocrine tissue, but the impact on islet β-cell stimulus-secretion as well as (patho)physiological role are unclear. METHODS: The present study has evaluated islet cell signalling pathways and biological effects of dopamine, as well as alterations of islet dopamine in rodent models of diabetes of different aetiology. KEY FINDINGS: The dopamine precursor L-DOPA partially impaired glucose tolerance in mice and attenuated glucose-, exendin-4, and alanine-induced insulin secretion...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deepika V Karade, Vo Quang Huy Phan, H V Rasika Dias
Phenanthroline-based ligands with bulky aryl groups flanking the metal binding pocket enabled the synthesis and detailed investigation of ethylene complexes of copper(I), silver(I), and gold(I), including structural data of [{2,9-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline}M(C2 H4 )][SbF6 ] (M = Cu, Ag, Au), Additionally, a related copper(I)-ethylene complex with a highly fluorinated ligand is also reported. Gold(I) affects the ethylene moiety significantly as evident from the notable upfield coordination shifts of ethylene carbon signals in the NMR and lengthening of the ethylene CC bond length...
April 23, 2024: Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Cheng, Meghan L Rieu-Werden, Jacquelyn M Lykken, Claudia L Werner, Sarah Feldman, Michelle I Silver, Steven J Atlas, Jasmin A Tiro, Jennifer S Haas, Aruna Kamineni
BACKGROUND: Follow-up of abnormal results is essential to cervical cancer screening, but data on adherence to follow-up are limited. We describe patterns of follow-up after screening abnormalities and identify predictors of guideline-concordant follow-up. METHODS: We identified the index screening abnormality (positive human papillomavirus [HPV] test or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASC-US] or more severe cytology) among women 25-65 years old at three U...
April 23, 2024: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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