Reamination

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of our study was to differentiate uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) from endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) by the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated clinical and MRI findings in 17 patients with UCS and 34 patients with EAC proven by histologically. The following clinical and pathological features were evaluated: post- or pre-menopausal, clinical presentation, invasion depth, FIGO stage, lymphaticmetastasis...

It is not known whether esophageal mast cells may be a cause of unexplained esophageal symptoms. We aimed to determine the prevalence of esophageal mastocytosis in patients without other underlying causes of symptoms and assess the relationship between symptoms and mast cells. In this retrospective study, we identified adults with esophageal symptoms, a normal endoscopy, normal esophageal biopsies, and no definitive diagnosis during clinical evaluation. We quantified mast cell density (mast cells/mm2 ) in archived esophageal biopsies using tryptase immunohistochemistry, and compared mast cell levels by clinical features and physiologic testing...

In February 2021, the state of Texas and large parts of the US were affected by a severe cold air outbreak and winter weather event. This event resulted in large-scale power outages and cascading impacts, including limited access to potable water, multiple days without electricity, and large-scale infrastructure damage. Little is known about the mental health implications of these events, as most research has predominantly focused on the mental health effects of exposure to hurricanes, wildfires, or other natural disasters that are more commonly found in the summer months...

The branched-chain aminotransferase isozymes BCAT1 and BCAT2, segregated into distinct subcellular compartments and tissues, initiate the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). However, whether and how BCAT isozymes cooperate with downstream enzymes to control BCAA homeostasis in an intact organism remains largely unknown. Here, we analyse system-wide metabolomic changes in BCAT1- and BCAT2-deficient mouse models. Loss of BCAT2 but not BCAT1 leads to accumulation of BCAAs and branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs), causing morbidity and mortality that can be ameliorated by dietary BCAA restriction...

Purpose: To describe the cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q-DIO) Instrument into the Slovene language. Methods: Based on general international guidelines, a six-step process of localization to translate and adjust the instrument from English into the Slovene language was used. Content validity was quantified based on an agreement of eight experts. The instrument was tested using a sample of 140 nursing documentations from two Slovenian tertiary hospitals...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal malignancy which has insufficient treatment options. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GASAL1 was discovered to be conspicuously up-regulated in HCC. However, the study on the role of GASAL1 in HCC reamins limited. Our study aimed at exploring the role and mechanism of GASAL1 in HCC. RT-qPCR or Western blot was conducted to examine the expression of RNAs or proteins. Functional assays were carried out to investigate the impact of GASAL1, USP10, and PCNA on HCC cells. Mechanism assays were performed to fathom out the relationship among GASAL1, miR-193b-5p, USP10, and PCNA...

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their cognate α-ketoacids (BCKA) are elevated in an array of cardiometabolic diseases. Here we demonstrate that the major metabolic fate of uniformly-13 C-labeled α-ketoisovalerate ([U-13 C]KIV) in the heart is reamination to valine. Activation of cardiac branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) by treatment with the BCKDH kinase inhibitor, BT2, does not impede the strong flux of [U-13 C]KIV to valine. Sequestration of BCAA and BCKA away from mitochondrial oxidation is likely due to low levels of expression of the mitochondrial BCAA transporter SLC25A44 in the heart, as its overexpression significantly lowers accumulation of [13 C]-labeled valine from [U-13 C]KIV...

Background: Insulin and age affect leucine (and protein) kinetics in vivo. However, to our knowledge, leucine transamination and the effects of insulin have not been studied in participants of different ages. Objective: The aims of the study were to measure whole-body leucine deamination to α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and KIC reamination to leucine in middle-aged and younger healthy adults, both in the postabsorptive state and after hyperinsulinemia. Methods: Younger (mean ± SE age: 26 ± 2 y) and middle-aged (54 ± 3 y) healthy men and women were enrolled...

The first steps of leucine utilization are reversible deamination to α-ketoisocaproic acid (α-KIC) and irreversible oxidation. Recently, the regulatory role of leucine deamination over oxidation was underlined in rodents. Our aim was to measure leucine deamination and reamination in the whole body, in respect to previously determined rates across individual organs, in humans. By leucine and KIC isotope kinetics, we determined whole-body leucine deamination and reamination, and we compared these rates with those already reported across the sampled organs...

The protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin features a unique benzylpyrrolidine system and exhibits diverse biological and pharmacologic activities. Its biosynthetic origin has remained obscure for more than 60 y, however. Here we report the identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of anisomycin in Streptomyces hygrospinosus var. beijingensis by a bioactivity-guided high-throughput screening method. Using a combination of bioinformatic analysis, reverse genetics, chemical analysis, and in vitro biochemical assays, we have identified a core four-gene ensemble responsible for the synthesis of the pyrrolidine system in anisomycin: aniQ , encoding a aminotransferase that catalyzes an initial deamination and a later reamination steps; aniP , encoding a transketolase implicated to bring together an glycolysis intermediate with 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid to form the anisomycin molecular backbone; aniO , encoding a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes a cryptic glycosylation crucial for downstream enzyme processing; and aniN , encoding a bifunctional dehydrogenase that mediates multistep pyrrolidine formation...

We have quantified the inhibition of intestinal cholesterol transport by pine-derived phytosterols using an HT29-MTX intestine cell model that forms a mucus layer similar to that in the intestine. An artificial intestinal fluid consisting of digested fat, bile salt, cholesterol, and phytosterols was formulated in order to mimic the conditions in the intestine. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of the positive control, i.e., 0.1mM of cholesterol solubilized in the artificial intestine fluid, was found to be 0...

Carbon nanotube (CNT) growth has been demonstrated recently using a number of nonmetallic semiconducting and metal oxide nanoparticles, opening up pathways for direct CNT synthesis from a number of more desirable templates without the need for metallic catalysts. However, CNT growth mechanisms using these nonconventional catalysts has been shown to largely differ and reamins a challenging synthesis route. In this contribution we show CNT growth from partially oxidized silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) that exhibit quantum confinement effects using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method...

A micro/nanofluidic enrichment device combined with the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique has been developed for sensitive detection of trace quantities of protein. In this approach, sample protein is first adsorbed on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to occupy part of the AuNP surface. Then, dye-labeled protein is added, which adsorbs to the residual active sites of the AuNP surface, saturating the AuNP surface with protein molecules. The unadsorbed dye-labeled protein remains in a free state in the system...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease with an adverse outcome and new therapeutic strategies are required to combat this disease. It is well known that tumor‑suppressor microRNA (miRNA) acts as a new potential anticancer agent. Accumulating evidence showed that microRNA-145 (miR-145) is a candidate tumor suppressor miRNA. However, whether miR-145 is involved in the development and progression of MM reamins to be determined. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of synthetic miR-145 against human MM cells in vitro and in vivo...

Maize and ryegrass seedlings (2.5 weeks old), the roots of which were dipped into 10(-3)M (14)C-carboxyl-labeled D-leucine and (14)C-ε-labeled D-lysine, readyly absorbed and converted or conjugated within 34 hr some 75-90% of the labeled compound supplied. The metabolic intermediates and products were generally similar for both maize and ryegrass. Radioactive intermediates from the carboxyllabeled D-leucine were L-leucine, N-malonyl-D-leucine (provisionally identified), and α-ketoisocaproic acid. Intermediates from ε-labeled D-lysine were numerous, with greater amounts and numbers detected in roots than in tops...

Human fetal metabolism is largely unexplored. Understanding how a healthy fetus achieves its fast growth rates could eventually play a pivotal role in improving future nutritional strategies for premature infants. To quantify specific fetal amino acid kinetics, eight healthy pregnant women received before elective cesarean section at term, continuous stable isotope infusions of the essential amino acids [1-13C,15N]leucine, [U-13C5]valine, and [1-13C]methionine. Umbilical blood was collected after birth and analyzed for enrichments and concentrations using mass spectrometry techniques...

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism follows sequential reactions and their metabolites intersect with other metabolic pathways. The initial enzymes in BCAA metabolism, the mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm), which deaminates the BCAAs to branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs); and the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase enzyme complex (BCKDC), which oxidatively decarboxylates the BCKAs, are organized in a supramolecular complex termed metabolon. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH1) is found in the metabolon in rat tissues...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

A novel electrochemical reactor employing activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrodes was constructed for disinfecting bacteria in drinking water. Escherichia coli adsorbed preferentially onto ACF rather than to carbon-cloth or granular-activated carbon. E. coli cells, which adsorbed onto the ACF, were killed electrochemically when a potential of 0.8 V vs. a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was applied. Drinking water was passed through the reactor in stop-flow mode: 2mL/min for 12 h, o L/min for 24 h, and 1 mL/min for 6 h...