Metformin lung disease

Metformin has been designated as one of the most crucial first-line therapeutic agents in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Primarily being an antihyperglycemic agent, metformin also has a plethora of pleiotropic effects on various systems and processes. It acts majorly by activating AMPK (Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase) in the cells and reducing glucose output from the liver. It also decreases advanced glycation end products and reactive oxygen species production in the endothelium apart from regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism in the cardiomyocytes, hence minimizing the cardiovascular risks...

Quality pharmacological treatment can improve survival in many types of cancer. Drug repurposing offers advantages in comparison with traditional drug development procedures, reducing time and risk. This systematic review identified the most recent randomized controlled clinical trials that focus on drug repurposing in oncology. We found that only a few clinical trials were placebo-controlled or standard-of-care-alone-controlled. Metformin has been studied for potential use in various types of cancer, including prostate, lung, and pancreatic cancer...

Crizotinib is the first-line drug for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with the abnormal expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene. Severe, life-threatening, or fatal interstitial lung disease/pneumonia has been reported in patients treated with crizotinib. The clinical benefit of crizotinib is limited by its pulmonary toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms have not been adequately studied, and protective strategies are relatively scarce. Here, we established an in vivo mouse model in which crizotinib was continuously administered to C57BL/6 at 100 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks and verified that crizotinib induced interstitial lung disease in vivo, which was consistent with the clinical observations...

Metformin, a mainstay treatment for type two diabetes mellitus has several side effects, ranging from mild to life-threatening ones. One report has found the combination of metformin/glibenclamide a culprit for interstitial lung disease. Other studies have shown that metformin has a protective effect on the lungs. We report a rare case of a 64-year-old male who presented with progressive dyspnea while he was on metformin alone. He was diagnosed with eosinophilic interstitial lung disease (ILD). This was confirmed by a pulmonary function test (PFT), high-resolution chest computed tomography scan (HRCT), and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)...

Recent advances in aging research have provided novel insights for the development of senotherapy, which utilizes cellular senescence as a therapeutic target. Cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including metabolic and respiratory diseases. Senotherapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for aging-related pathologies. Senotherapy can be classified into senolytics (induce cell death in senescent cells) and senomorphics (ameliorate the adverse effects of senescent cells represented by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype)...

Pulmonary fibrosis, a sequela of lung injury resulting from severe infection such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is a kind of life-threatening lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Herein, inhalable liposomes encapsulating metformin, a first-line antidiabetic drug that has been reported to effectively reverse pulmonary fibrosis by modulating multiple metabolic pathways, and nintedanib, a well-known antifibrotic drug that has been widely used in the clinic, are developed for pulmonary fibrosis treatment...

BACKGROUND: Metformin is a potent antiglycemic agent, but its importance has receded owing to the launch of novel antidiabetic medications. The benefit of metformin includes not only blood sugar control but also anti-inflammation, autophagy activation, and neuroprotection. This study investigated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who adhered to metformin after adding on a second-line antiglycemic agent. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of metformin in CVD prevention in patients with T2DM...

BACKGROUND: The diabetes mellitus (DM) and TB dual epidemic is growing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), yet the underlying mechanisms of increased TB risk in DM are incompletely understood. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with TB infection (TBI) among DM patients at a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic in Uganda. METHODS: Eligible consenting adults were recruited for this cross-sectional study at an outpatient diabetes clinic using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested case report form...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with pulmonary vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction leading to impaired nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2 ) pathways. Metformin, the first line treatment for type 2 diabetes and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been recently highlighted as a potential PH treatment. AMPK activation has been reported to improve endothelial function by enhancing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity and to have relaxant effects in blood vessels. In this study, we examined the effect of metformin treatment on PH as well as on NO and PGI2 pathways in monocrotaline (MCT)-injected rats with established PH...

OBJECTIVE: Concurrent infection with COVID-19 and M. tuberculosis has been reported to be more severe than either alone, resulting in increased mortality. Our objective was to define the shared pathobiology of COVID-19 and the developmental stage of TB in the lung and explore adjunctive therapies to treat such commonalities. METHODS: Since morphoproteomics combines the disciplines of histopathology, molecular biology and protein chemistry to paint a portrait of the protein circuitry in diseased cells for the purpose of uncovering targets amenable to specific intervention [1], we used morphoproteomic analyses to study lung tissues of patients with early post-primary tuberculosis or COVID-19 infection...

Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, belongs to the group of water-soluble vitamins and is ingested through food of animal origin such as eggs, milk, red meat and poultry, fish, and shellfish. Its clinical indication is the treatment of hypovitaminosis B12 administered orally or intramuscularly in the form of hydroxocobalamin. Hypovitaminosis B12 is mainly caused by deficient dietary intake (individuals with malnutrition, vegetarians or vegans, older adults, pregnant people, individuals with alcohol use disorder); when intestinal absorption is reduced (atrophic gastritis, malabsorption syndrome, gastrointestinal surgery); and for causes associated with the intake of drugs (antacids, metformin)...

OBJECTIVE: Metformin is widely used as the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus and has numerous benefits apart from lowering blood glucose. However, metformin-retained regimen is challenged by newly launching, powerful glucose-lowering antiglycemic agents. This population-based cohort study examined the association between metformin adherence and the risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: Diabetic patients with metformin-included combination antiglycemic therapy were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database and categorized into metformin-adherent and -nonadherent groups according to the medical record of the first year prescription...

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disease and is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia. The impact of T2DM on the survival of lung cancer patients remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of type 2 diabetes with lung cancer mortality. METHODS: From January 2019 to January 2020, 228 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staging earlier than IIIA were included. RESULTS: In our study, we found that the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of lung cancer patients with diabetes was longer than non-diabetes group...

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer‑associated death worldwide. Despite the availability of various treatments such as surgery, chemoradiotherapy, targeted drugs and immunotherapy, treatment is expensive and the prognosis remains poor. At present, lung cancer drugs and treatment programs remain in a state of continuous exploration and research to improve the prognosis, and to reduce the pain and economic burden for the patients. Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease in middle‑aged and elderly patients, leading to significantly increased complications of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases...

INTRODUCTION: Despite the growing evidence for the anticancer effect of metformin or its combination with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), the efficacies and side effects of such strategies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not well understood. This meta-analysis was performed to determine the efficacy and side effects of metformin combined with EGFR-TKIs (MET-EGFR-TKIs) for the treatment of NSCLC with or without T2DM...

Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) are born in a relatively hyperoxic environment with weak antioxidant defenses, placing them at high risk for mitochondrial dysfunction affecting multiple organ systems including the nervous, respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. The brain and lungs are highly affected by mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation in the neonate, causing white matter injury (WMI) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), respectively. Adequate mitochondrial function is important in providing sufficient energy for organ development as it relates to alveolarization and axonal myelination and decreasing oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) detoxification...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among individuals with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We aimed to evaluate whether metformin reduces HCC risk among individuals with DM and CHC after successful antiviral therapy. METHODS: Individuals with CHC who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) after interferon-based therapy were enrolled in a large-scale, multicenter cohort in Taiwan (T-COACH)...

Silicosis is a severe progressive lung disease without effective treatment methods. Previous evidence has demonstrated that endothelial cell to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) plays an essential role in pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis is associated with dysregulation of autophagy, while the relationship between autophagy and EndoMT has not yet been adequately studied. Herein, we established a mouse model of silicosis, and we found that the pharmacological induction of the AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway using 100 mg/kg Metformin (Met) enhanced autophagy in vivo, and results of the Western blot showed that autophagy-related proteins, LC3 II/I ratio, and Beclin-1 increased while p62 decreased...

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lung disease with no curative drug, characterized by a progressive decrease in lung function. Metformin (MET) is a hypoglycemic agent with the advantages of high safety and low cost and has been used in several in vivo trials to treat fibrotic diseases. Objective: This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of MET in treating PF and elaborate on its mechanism. Methods: Eight databases were searched for in vivo animal trials of MET for PF from the time of database creation until 1 March 2022...

Over the last years, repurposed agents have provided growing evidence of fast implementation in oncology treatment such as certain antimalarial, anthelmintic, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic agents. In this study, the four agents of choice were present in our patients' daily treatment for nonmalignant-associated pathology and have known, light toxicity profiles. It is quite common for a given patient's daily administration schedule to include two or three of these drugs for the duration of their treatment...