keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547331/circulating-factors-in-cancer-cachexia-recent-opportunities-for-translational-research
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marina de Castro Coêlho, Giovana Parreira de Aquino, Amanda Soares Santos, Marilia Seelaender
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss the recent discoveries and limitations of the available literature on emerging circulating biomarkers of cancer cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies on circulating factors in cancer cachexia show promising alternatives for diagnosing the syndrome in a minimally invasive manner in the clinic setting, as well as potential targets for cancer cachexia treatment. Factors secreted by the tumor and the adipose tissue, such as extracellular vesicles and soluble proteins, respectively, have been shown to either directly induce wasting in vitro and in vivo or to be altered in the cachectic phenotype...
March 27, 2024: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546759/second-order-effects-of-chemotherapy-pharmacodynamics-and-pharmacokinetics-on-tumor-regression-and-cachexia
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luke Pierik, Patricia McDonald, Alexander R A Anderson, Jeffrey West
Drug dose response curves are ubiquitous in cancer biology, but these curves are often used to measure differential response in first-order effects: the effectiveness of increasing the cumulative dose delivered. In contrast, second-order effects (the variance of drug dose) are often ignored. Knowledge of second-order effects may improve the design of chemotherapy scheduling protocols, leading to improvements in tumor response without changing the total dose delivered. By considering treatment schedules with identical cumulative dose delivered, we characterize differential treatment outcomes resulting from high variance schedules (e...
March 28, 2024: Bulletin of Mathematical Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546174/breaking-down-cachexia-a-narrative-review-on-the-prevalence-of-cachexia-in-cancer-patients-and-its-associated-risk-factors
#3
REVIEW
Mahmathi Karuppannan, Fares M S Muthanna, Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
Cachexia is an irreversible condition that involves a significant loss of body weight, muscle mass, and adipose tissue. It is a complex condition that involves a variety of metabolic, hormonal, and immune-related factors, with the precise mechanisms not yet fully understood. In this review, the prevalence of cachexia in different types of cancer as well as the potential risk factors was evaluated from literature retrieved from databases such as ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus. Potential risk factors evaluated here include tumor-related factors such as location, and stage of the cancer, as well as patient-related factors such as age, gender, and comorbidities...
2024: Nutrition and Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540985/quantitative-and-qualitative-radiological-assessment-of-sarcopenia-and-cachexia-in-cancer-patients-a-systematic-review
#4
REVIEW
Sveva Mortellaro, Sonia Triggiani, Federica Mascaretti, Micol Galloni, Ornella Garrone, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Michele Ghidini
Sarcopenia, an extremely common condition in cancer patients, is described as a progressive and generalized musculoskeletal disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. By contrast, cachexia is defined as a syndrome characterized by weight loss with the concomitant loss of muscle and/or fat mass. Cancer cachexia leads to functional impairment, reduced physical performance, and decreased survival, and is often accompanied by cancer progression and reduced response to therapy...
February 24, 2024: Journal of Personalized Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539528/cachexia-affected-survival-based-on-inflammatory-parameters-compared-to-complex-conventional-nutritional-assessments-in-patients-with-pancreatic-cancer-and-other-gastrointestinal-tumors-the-conko-020-investigation
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johanna W Meyer-Knees, Janina Falkenthal, Dominik Geisel, Christopher C M Neumann, Georg Hilfenhaus, Lars U Stephan, Wenzel Schöning, Thomas Malinka, Johann Pratschke, Sebastian Stintzing, Uwe Pelzer
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still a complex, devastating disease. Cachexia symptoms frequently impair patient survival. This accompanying syndrome is commonly diagnosed late, when clinical signs become evident. Early diagnosis using conventional measurement methods is often difficult, and the discrimination of this disease from cancer progression is challenging and often overlaps. The aim of this study was to analyze whether conventional nutritional assessments or laboratory biomarkers are better predictive tools for the early detection of patients at risk of reduced survival...
March 18, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534979/serum-pro-inflammatory-cytokines-and-leptin-as-potential-biomarkers-for-treatment-response-and-toxicity-in-locally-advanced-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-the-head-and-neck
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amani A Alrehaili, Amal F Gharib, Maha M Bakhuraysah, Afaf Alharthi, Ohud Alsalmi, Fouzeyyah Ali Alsaeedi, Reem Ali Alhakami, Kamilah Ali Alasmari, Nuha Mohammed, Wael H Elsawy
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is a globally prevalent form of cancer with significant morbidity and mortality rates. The present study examines the relationship of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and leptin levels with the effectiveness of therapy in individuals with HNSCC and their potential role as biomarkers for treatment response and toxicity. Induction chemotherapy and concomitant chemoradiotherapy were evaluated for efficacy and safety in 52 individuals with HNSCC. Both response and toxicity were evaluated, and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interlukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interlukin-2 (IL-2), Interlukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) and leptin were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay before and after treatment...
March 11, 2024: Diseases (Basel)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533530/are-measures-and-related-symptoms-of-cachexia-recorded-as-outcomes-in-gastrointestinal-cancer-chemotherapy-clinical-trials
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ross Valaire, Frances Garden, Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
BACKGROUND: Cachexia is prevalent in gastrointestinal cancers and worsens patient outcomes and chemotherapy compliance. We examined to what extent registered gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy clinical trials record measures and related symptoms of cachexia as outcomes, and whether these were associated with trial characteristics. METHODS: Four public trial registries (2012-2022) were accessed for Phase II and/or III randomized controlled pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancer chemotherapy trial protocols...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530439/clinical-implication-of-megestrol-acetate-in-metastatic-gastric-cancer-a-big-data-analysis-from-health-insurance-review-and-assessment-hira-database
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chang Min Lee, Jung Hun Kang, Se-Il Go
OBJECTIVE: Megestrol acetate (MA) is used to manage anorexia and cachexia in patients with advanced cancer. This study investigated the prescription patterns of MA in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, as well as evaluated its impact on survival outcomes and the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). METHODS: A Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service database was used to investigate differences in baseline characteristics, survival, and the incidence of VTE according to MA prescription patterns (i...
March 26, 2024: Supportive Care in Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523371/the-contribution-of-the-nervous-system-in-the-cancer-progression
#9
Hongryeol Park, Chan Hee Lee
Cancer progression is driven by genetic mutations, environmental factors, and intricate interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME comprises of diverse cell types, such as cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and neuronal cells. These cells mutually influence each other through various factors, including cytokines, vascular perfusion, and matrix stiffness. In the initial or developmental stage of cancer, neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor are associated with poor prognosis of various cancers by communicating with cancer cells, immune cells, and peripheral nerves within the TME...
March 25, 2024: BMB Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518714/bridging-gaps-in-cancer-cachexia-care-current-insights-and-future-perspectives
#10
REVIEW
Carlotta Bianchini, Pierluigi Bonomo, Paolo Bossi, Riccardo Caccialanza, Alessandra Fabi
Cachexia is characterized by severe weight loss and skeletal muscle depletion, and is a threat to cancer patients by worsening their prognosis. International guidelines set indications for the screening and diagnosis of cancer cachexia and suggest interventions (nutritional support, physical exercise, and pharmacological treatments). Nevertheless, real-life experience not always aligns with such indications. We aimed to review the current state of the field and the main advancements, with a focus on real-life clinical practice from the perspectives of oncologists, nutrition professionals, and radiologists...
March 13, 2024: Cancer Treatment Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517481/handgrip-strength-predicts-survival-in-patients-with-pancreatic-cancer
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Freckelton, Ashray Rajagopalan, Gregory T Moore, Daniel Croagh
OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common cancer with a poor prognosis and is associated with a high prevalence of cachexia, a metabolic syndrome of muscle wasting due to complex mechanisms. In addition to loss of muscle mass, cancer patients also experience functional deterioration. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is an association between muscle mass and function and clinical outcomes, particularly survival. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study including all patients with PDAC at Monash Health from March 2016 to December 2017...
March 21, 2024: Pancreas
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515400/metabolic-syndrome-and-cardiovascular-disease-in-cancer-survivors
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kensuke Ueno, Hidehiro Kaneko, Yuta Suzuki, Akira Okada, Satoshi Matsuoka, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Kentaro Kamiya, Junya Ako, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
BACKGROUND: The risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high in cancer survivors. Although metabolic syndrome is an established risk factor for CVD, its association with cancer survivors has not yet been established. This study aimed to clarify whether metabolic syndrome is associated with subsequent CVD risk in patients with cancer using a nationwide epidemiological dataset. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 53 510 patients with a history of breast, colorectal, or stomach cancer, which is reportedly a major site for developing cancer in Japan...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505156/the-challenging-management-of-malignant-ureteral-obstruction-analysis-of-a-series-of-188-cases
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alberto Artiles Medina, Inés Laso García, Fernando González Tello, Sara Álvarez Rodríguez, Manuel Hevia Palacios, Marina Mata Alcaraz, César Mínguez Ojeda, Fernando Arias Funez, Victoria Gómez Dos Santos, Francisco Javier Burgos Revilla
BACKGROUND: Malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) is a common condition that complicates the course of advanced malignancies. The aims of this study are to analyze the causes, management, and survival of patients with obstructive nephropathy due to malignant ureteric obstruction and to determine prognostic factors. Furthermore, we studied the complications and outcomes in patients who underwent urinary diversion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with computed tomography-confirmed MUO between January 2016 and November 2020...
March 2024: Current Urology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502665/interpretable-machine-learning-based-individual-analysis-of-acute-kidney-injury-in-immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-therapy
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Minoru Sakuragi, Eiichiro Uchino, Noriaki Sato, Takeshi Matsubara, Akihiko Ueda, Yohei Mineharu, Ryosuke Kojima, Motoko Yanagita, Yasushi Okuno
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Since the etiology of AKI in patients undergoing cancer therapy varies, clarifying underlying causes in individual cases is critical for optimal cancer treatment. Although it is essential to individually analyze immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients for underlying pathologies for each AKI episode, these analyses have not been realized. Herein, we aimed to individually clarify the underlying causes of AKI in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients using a new clustering approach with Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500292/phase-2-study-of-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-ponsegromab-in-patients-with-cancer-cachexia-proacc-1-study-design
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John D Groarke, Jeffrey Crawford, Susie M Collins, Shannon L Lubaczewski, Danna M Breen, Magdalena A Harrington, Ira Jacobs, Ruolun Qiu, James Revkin, Michelle I Rossulek, Aditi R Saxena
BACKGROUND: Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic wasting syndrome characterized by anorexia, unintentional loss of weight involving both skeletal muscle and adipose tissues, progressive functional impairment and reduced survival. Therapeutic strategies for this serious condition are very limited. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a cytokine that is implicated in cancer cachexia and may represent both a biomarker of cancer cachexia and a potential therapeutic target...
March 18, 2024: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499763/activation-of-gpr81-by-lactate-drives-tumour-induced-cachexia
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xidan Liu, Shijin Li, Qionghua Cui, Bujing Guo, Wanqiu Ding, Jie Liu, Li Quan, Xiaochuan Li, Peng Xie, Li Jin, Ye Sheng, Wenxin Chen, Kai Wang, Fanxin Zeng, Yifu Qiu, Changlu Liu, Yan Zhang, Fengxiang Lv, Xinli Hu, Rui-Ping Xiao
Cachexia affects 50-80% of patients with cancer and accounts for 20% of cancer-related death, but the underlying mechanism driving cachexia remains elusive. Here we show that circulating lactate levels positively correlate with the degree of body weight loss in male and female patients suffering from cancer cachexia, as well as in clinically relevant mouse models. Lactate infusion per se is sufficient to trigger a cachectic phenotype in tumour-free mice in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that adipose-specific G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR)81 ablation, similarly to global GPR81 deficiency, ameliorates lactate-induced or tumour-induced adipose and muscle wasting in male mice, revealing adipose GPR81 as the major mediator of the catabolic effects of lactate...
March 18, 2024: Nature metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494808/-the-second-web-questionnaire-survey-on-cancer-cachexia-japanese-evidence-for-patients-of-cancer-cachexia-%C3%A2-j-epocc-%C3%A2-disease-awareness-and-issues-related-to-cancer-cachexia-among-healthcare-professionals
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maimi Kiguchi, Satomi Kanemata, Koji Machii, Issei Doi, Futoshi Kinoshita
In 2019, the Cancer Cachexia Web Questionnaire Survey(J-EPOCC)was conducted among cancer patients, their families and healthcare professionals in Japan, and it showed that the term"cancer cachexia"was highly recognized among health care professionals, whereas the staging and criteria for cancer cachexia defined by European Palliative Care Research Collaborative( EPCRC)was less understood. Also, many healthcare professionals tended to consider the term"cancer cachexia" as the terminal stage of cancer, and most of them lacked the knowledge that cancer cachexia is a disease complication which is potentially developed from the early stage of cancer...
March 2024: Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493542/integrated-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio-and-handgrip-strength-better-predict-survival-in-patients-with-cancer-cachexia
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kai-Lun Zhang, Ming-Ming Zhou, Kun-Hua Wang, Min Weng, Fu-Xiang Zhou, Jiu-Wei Cui, Wei Li, Hu Ma, Zeng-Qing Guo, Su-Yi Li, Jun-Qiang Chen, Xiang-Hua Wu, Qing-Chuan Zhao, Ji-Peng Li, Hong-Xia Xu, Han-Ping Shi, Chun-Hua Song
OBJECTIVES: Systemic inflammation and skeletal muscle strength play crucial roles in the development and progression of cancer cachexia. In this study we aimed to evaluate the combined prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and handgrip strength (HGS) for survival in patients with cancer cachexia. METHODS: This multicenter cohort study involved 1826 patients with cancer cachexia. The NLR-HGS (NH) index was defined as the ratio of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio to handgrip strength...
February 18, 2024: Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488242/age-related-and-cancer-related-sarcopenia-is-there-a-difference
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Federico Bozzetti
PURPOSE: The aim of this review is the attempt to differentiating the pathophysiologic and clinical features of the aging-related sarcopenia from cancer-related sarcopenia. In fact, there is some controversy among the experts mainly regarding two points: is always sarcopenia, even that aging-related one, the expression of a generalized disease or may exist independently and without major alteration of the muscle function? Are always aging-related and cancer-related sarcopenia completely separated entities? RECENT FINDINGS: Literature shows that sarcopenia, defined as simple skeletal muscle mass loss, may range from a mainly focal problem which is common in many healthy elderly people, to a component of a complex multiorgan syndrome as cancer cachexia...
March 14, 2024: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486479/a-nomogram-based-on-clinical-characteristics-and-nutritional-indicators-for-relative-and-absolute-weight-loss-during-radiotherapy-in-initially-inoperable-patients-with-locally-advanced-esophageal-squamous-cell-carcinoma
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuan He, Wen-Jun Liao, An-Qi Hu, Xiao-Yang Li, Jian-Guo Wang, Dong Qian
OBJECTIVE: Radiation for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma often is accompanied by radiation esophagitis, which interferes with oral intake. We aimed to develop a nomogram model to identify initially inoperable patients with relative and absolute weight loss who need prophylactic nutritional supplementation. METHODS: A total of 365 initially inoperable patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving radiotherapy between January 2018 and December 2022 were included in the study, which was divided into discovery and validation cohorts...
January 2024: Nutrition
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