C-section

BACKGROUND: Maternal and child healthcare service delivery in vulnerable and fragile health systems has suffered a tremendous impact owing to the shift in focus to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child healthcare services to inform policy advice for a more resilient maternal and child healthcare service delivery in Pakistan. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A structured and validated questionnaire was transformed into an online version and a link was first sent to about 300 healthcare professionals to achieve a sample size of 203, including medical doctors, nurses, and other paramedical staff working in public sector health facilities of the four provinces of Pakistan...

As part of an initiative aimed at reducing maternal and child mortality, Senegal implemented a policy of free Cesarean section (C-section) since 2005. Despite the implementation, C-section rates have remained low and significant large disparities in access, particularly in major cities such as Dakar. This paper aims to assess C-section rates and examines socioeconomic inequalities in C-section use in the Dakar region between 2005 and 2019. This study incorporates data from various sources, including the health routine data within District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) platform, government statistics on slum areas, and data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)...

Background In India, there has been a steady increase in the rate of caesarean section (C-section) deliveries over the past decade, rising from 17% during National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4 (2015-16)) to as high as 21.5% during NFHS-5 (2019-21). Andhra Pradesh, India, is experiencing a particularly high rate of 42.4% as per NFHS-5, which is the highest among the states in the country. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of C-section deliveries across the districts of Andhra Pradesh and to identify the disparities in elective and emergency C-section rates among public and private hospitals in districts of Andhra Pradesh, India...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of adenomyosis at pathologic examination, and its association with obstetric complications, peripartum maternal clinical characteristics and neonatal birth weight in patients undergoing postpartum hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS: A multicenter, observational, retrospective, cohort study was carried out including all women who underwent postpartum hysterectomy due to PPH at gestational week 23+0 or later, between January 2010 and May 2023...

PURPOSE: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, potentially life-threatening autoimmune disease with fluctuating muscle weakness frequently affecting women of childbearing age. MG can affect maternal as well as neonatal outcome with risk of worsening of myasthenic symptoms in the mothers and risk of transient neonatal myasthenia gravis (TNMG) and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) or foetal acetylcholine receptor antibody-associated disorders (FARAD) in the neonates. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of maternal and neonatal outcome in a cohort of pregnant MG patients treated at a tertiary care centre in Germany...

Living conditions and other factors in urban unplanned settlements present unique challenges for improving maternal and newborn health (MNH), yet MNH inequalities associated with such challenges are not well understood. This study examined trends and inequalities in coverage of MNH services in the last 20 years in unplanned and planned settlements of Lusaka City, Zambia. Geospatial information was used to map Lusaka's settlements and health facilities. Zambia Demographic Health Surveys (ZDHS 2001, 2007, 2013/2014, and 2018) were used to compare antenatal care (ANC), institutional delivery, and Cesarean section (C-section) coverage, and neonatal mortality rates between the poorer 60% and richer 40% households...

The infant urine metabolome provides a body metabolic snapshot, and the sample collection can be done without stressing the fragile infant. 424 infant urine samples from 157 infants were sampled longitudinally at 1-, 2-, and 3 months of age. 49 metabolites were detected using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with multi- and univariate statistical methods to detect differences related to infant age-stage, gestational age, mother's pre-pregnancy BMI, C-section, infant birth weight, and infant sex...

INTRODUCTION: Home births and births in midwife-led units and the associated potential risks are still being debated. An analysis of the quality of results of planned home births and births in midwife-led units which require intrapartum transfer of the mother to hospital provides important information on the quality of processes during births which occur outside hospital settings. The aim of this study was to analyze neonatal and maternal outcomes after the initial plan to deliver at home or in a midwife-led unit had to be abandoned and the mother transferred to hospital...

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal and fetal outcomes of dystocia managed surgically and nonsurgically at referral hospitals (RHs) versus community medicine clinics (CMCs), determine the rate of C-section, and evaluate the incidence of hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia in bitches presented with dystocia. ANIMALS: Bitches presented with dystocia at 2 RHs and 2 CMCs. METHODS: Information on signalment, presence of hypoglycemia and/or hypocalcemia, diagnostic imaging performed, nonsurgical and surgical interventions performed, maternal and fetal outcomes, and total cost of care was obtained from the electronic medical records of bitches presenting for dystocia between October 2015 and October 2020...

Irrational antibiotic use in Indonesia is considered high, yet there are still lacks reliable information regarding the issue. The quantity of antibiotic use studies, in particular during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was not well reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients at a province referral hospital in Aceh, Indonesia, Dr Zainoel Abidin Hospital, and to assess the association between antibiotic use and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. The defined daily dose (DDD) method was used and expressed in DDDs per 100 patient-days as in hospital setting...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that primarily causes chronic intractable diarrhea. This study aims to describe the clinical history, laboratory profile, diagnostic workflow, and management of the first patient reported with CGGM in Mexico. METHODS: The case involves a Mexican female infant with recurrent admissions to the emergency room since birth due to chronic diarrhea. RESULTS: The infant was born at term by C-section with a birth weight of 3...

OBJECTIVE: To assess women's experiences with skin-related side effects following subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) injections after a cesarean section, and to analyze their impact on treatment adherence. METHOD: A questionnaire was developed in collaboration with Cesarine, a patients' association, to explore various aspects of LMWH administration, including prevention methods, cutaneous side effects, treatment compliance, perceived constraints, apprehension, and understanding of treatment benefits...

Arteriovenous malformation is a developmental anomaly of the vascular system characterized by arteriovenous shunt through a collection of tortuous vessels without intervening capillary bed. Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may cause hemorrhagic stroke, epilepsy, and chronic headache. Migraine with aura was reported in up to 58% of females with AVM. A 23-year-old female presented with episodes of severe left-side headache for five months, throbbing in character with photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea...

The midwifery psychoeducation, relationship with the midwives, feelings from the surgery, and delivery expectations are major factors that affect the birth experiences of mothers following an emergency cesarean section. This study aimed to give voice to mothers to express the feelings they had before, during, and after an emergency cesarean section and primarily to express whether their expectations were met after the surgery. The research was conducted on mothers who gave birth through an emergency cesarean section in a public hospital by completing specific questionnaires...

Increased fetal cortisol is associated with catecholamine release, a primary factor for neonatal adaptive responses. However, relationship between canine peripartum cortisol and catecholamine is unknown. We aimed to compare serum adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol during peripartum in bitches and neonates of distinct obstetric conditions and to assess amniotic fluid cortisol concentration. Twenty females and maximum of three puppies per litter were allocated into Vaginal Eutocia (10 females; 17 neonates) and Elective C-section (10 females; 20 neonates) groups...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze sociodemographic factors associated with cesarean sections (c-sections) in Ecuador. METHODS: Data were extracted from the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC). Multivariate binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to assess sociodemographic factors associated with c-sections overall and with each type of c-section (elective or emergency c-section). RESULTS: This study included 1 118 842 in-hospital deliveries during 2015-2022 in Ecuador, of which 41...

INTRODUCTION: Parietal endometriosis is the most common form of extra-pelvic endometriosis. It develops on the surgical scar of c-section or hysterectomy. It is one of the causes of scar pain. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26 years old patient presents with recurring pain and swelling of a Pfannenstiel scar 6 years after a caesarean section. Physical examination revealed a firm tender subcutaneous nodule that appeared at MRI as a heterogenous parietal mass infiltrating the rectus abdominis muscles...

INTRODUCTION: Up to 15% of women with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) have bowel surgery prior to pregnancy and there is little data on pregnancy outcomes in this population. We aimed to assess maternal/fetal outcomes in women with CD and UC surgeries prior to pregnancy. METHODS: In this nationwide study, we included all pregnancies in women with CD or UC from 1997-2022 and examined 6 categories of CD and UC surgeries prior to pregnancy. We used multilevel logistic regression to compute crude and adjusted odds ratios [aOR] with 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] for the risk of pregnancy and offspring complications in women who did, versus did not, have surgery prior to pregnancy...

A thoracoamniotic shunt was placed in a fetus affected by a right congenital diaphragmatic hernia (RCDH) complicated by voluminous nonimmune hydrops (NIH) at 30 weeks of gestation. The fetus showed congestive cardiac failure with a combined cardiac output (CCO) of 460.7 ml/min (Z-score: -1.2). After seven days, no edema, ascites, or pleural effusion was present. CCO increased significantly, reaching a Z-score of -0.2, as well as right and left cardiac output (Z-scores: -0.3 and -0.8, respectively). Two weeks later, the cardiac function and the ascites got worse despite the correct shunt placement, suggesting a possible occlusion...

BACKGROUND: Although several types of risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) have been identified, including birth-related factors, somatic, and psychosocial risk factors, their interplay with genetic susceptibility remains unclear. Genetic and epidemiological interplay in AN risk were examined using data from Danish nationwide registers. AN polygenic risk score (PRS) and risk factor associations, confounding from AN PRS and/or parental psychiatric history on the association between the risk factors and AN risk, and interactions between AN PRS and each level of target risk factor on AN risk were estimated...