Saguinus oedipus

Cotton-top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ) are characterized by a system of cooperative breeding where helpers, in addition to the reproductive pair, contribute to infant care. Grooming interactions between individuals play an important role in establishing social relationships, creating an interconnected social network in the group. We used social network analysis to investigate the social structure of two groups of cotton-top tamarins with different sizes and compositions and study whether they remain stable after the birth of new infants...

During the last century, the critically endangered cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) has been threatened by multiple anthropogenic factors that drastically affected their habitat and population size. As the genetic impact of these pressures is largely unknown, this study aimed to establish a genetic baseline with the use of temporal sampling to determine the genetic makeup before detrimental anthropogenic impact. Genomes were resequenced from a combination of historical museum samples and modern wild samples at low-medium coverage, to unravel how the cotton-top tamarin population structure and genomic diversity may have changed during this period...

Logical inference is often assumed a human-unique ability, although many species of apes and monkeys have shown some facility within a two-cup task in which one cup is baited, the primate is shown the cup which is empty (an exclusion cue), and subsequently chooses the other baited cup. In published reports, New World monkey species show a limited ability to choose successfully, often with half or more of the subjects tested not showing the ability with auditory cues or with exclusion cues. In this study, five cotton-top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ) were tested in a two-cup task with visual or auditory cues which revealed the presence or absence of bait, and in a second study, were tested with a four-cup array using a variety of walls to define the baiting space and a variety of visual cues including inclusion and exclusion...

We observed a zoo-housed group of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) before and after a bout of severe targeted aggression directed towards two of its members. The aggression was so severe and repeated that the zoo personnel was forced to remove the two victims and the main aggressor. In the tense period that preceded removal, the tamarins showed increased aggression, a steeper and linear dominance hierarchy, and reduced post-conflict reconciliation compared to the period following removal. In contrast, affiliative interactions such as grooming and peaceful food transfers did not differ in the two periods of observations...

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The luteal-placental shift is an important milestone of mammalian pregnancy signifying when endocrine control of pregnancy shifts from the corpus luteum to the placenta. The corpus luteum is maintained by chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Upon sufficient placental maturation, CG production wanes, the corpus luteum involutes and control is shifted to the placenta, one consequence of which is a midgestation rise in glucocorticoid production, especially cortisol and cortisone, by both mother and fetus. Glucocorticoids are involved in initiating parturition, prenatal programming of offspring phenotype, and maturing fetal organs...

One of the hallmarks of complex motor planning in humans involves grasping objects in preparation for future actions, termed second-order motor planning. This ability has an extended developmental trajectory in humans and is also shared with nonhuman primates. Here, we presented seven cotton-top tamarins with a dowel task that has prompted variable grasping behaviors for some primate species. Tamarins could use either an efficient grasp to bring food stuck onto the end of a dowel to their mouth (radial grasp) or an inefficient grasp that required repositioning (ulnar grasp)...

Cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) are a critically endangered species found only in Colombia. Their survival is threatened by extensive habitat destruction and the illegal pet trade. Because many people in Colombia have a low level of awareness of cotton-top tamarins and even less understanding of the impacts that the illegal pet trade has on the species and its long-term survival, Proyecto Tití has developed a series of programs for children in rural elementary schools that introduce children to cotton-top tamarins...

To examine how precipitation patterns and climate change impact feeding choices made by a population of critically endangered cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), we examined 22 years of feeding data (1999-2020) from 21 groups collected at Parque Natural Regional Bosque Seco El Ceibal Mono Tití in Santa Catalina, Colombia. We describe the diet and examine the role of seasonal rainfall and annual variation in rainfall on diet. Rainfall is highly seasonal (mean annual rainfall 1562 mm [range 940-2680 mm]) with a dry, early rainy, and late rainy season in each year...

Developmental psychologists have noted a similar timeline of change for children's use of different perspectives about the same objects or events, as in the use of different labels for the same object, an aspect of language, and in understanding other's knowledge or beliefs, an aspect of social cognition as reviewed in the study by Neiworth et al. Comparative psychologists are interested to know what cognitive flexibility looks like in other species and how such variation relates to life history, ecology, and phylogeny...

Traditionally, Saguinus has been organized into six taxonomic groups: bicolor, inustus, midas, mystax, nigricollis, and oedipus. After recent revisions, taxonomic reclassifications were proposed, including (1) the recognition of Leontocebus as a new genus, and (2) the subdivision of Saguinus into three subgenera. Nonetheless, the contradictory nature of these results reinforces the inconsistency concerning the monophyletic status of tamarins and its interspecific phylogeny. Therefore, in this study, we carried out phylogenetic inferences of Saguinus based on 44 molecular markers, of which 37 were from nuclear DNA and seven from mitochondrial DNA...

A modified Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task was used to test cognitive flexibility in adult cotton-top tamarins and children aged 19 months to 60 months. Subjects had to infer a rule from the experience of selecting between two cards to earn a reward, and the pairs of stimuli defined the rule (e.g., pick blue ones, not red ones, or pick trucks, not boats). Two different tests measured subjects' ability to shift to a reversal of the rule (intradimensional shift) and to shift to a new rule defined by a dimension previously irrelevant (interdimensional shift)...

Seasonal availability of resources can influence the timing and success of reproduction in primates. This study examines the annual pattern of conceptions, mid-term (13 weeks) and full-term (26 weeks) pregnancy losses, births, and infant survivorship of the Critically Endangered cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) at Proyecto Tití's long-term field site in Santa Catalina, Colombia. Using 18 years of behavior, physical exam, and fecal steroid data (N = 51 females, 168 conceptions, 121 liters), fecal estrone conjugate (E1 C) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) or progesterone (P4) profiles were examined to investigate the relationships between female reproductive patterns and reproductive success with feeding and climatic data...

Tamarins are a distinct group of small sized New World monkeys with complex phylogenetic relationships and poorly studied cytogenetic traits. In this study, we applied molecular cytogenetic analyses by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes specific for telomeric sequences and ribosomal DNA loci after DAPI/CMA3 staining on metaphases from five tamarin species, namely Leontocebus fuscicollis, Leontopithecus rosalia, Saguinus geoffroyi, Saguinus mystax and Saguinus oedipus , with the aim to investigate the distribution of repetitive sequences and their possible role in genome evolution...

Studies of cooperative breeding species have suggested that helpers are needed for infant survival and that helpers gain skills to successfully raise their own offspring. Studies of callitrichids in managed care and early field studies suggested that group size correlated with infant survival and that helpers needed to learn parental skills to be successful breeders. We present infant survival data from a 20-year field study of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) in Colombia involving 126 litters born to 41 females...

Olfactory communication is an important mediator of social interactions in mammals, thought to provide information about an individual's identity and current social, reproductive, and health status. In comparison with other taxa such as carnivores and rodents, few studies have examined primate olfactory communication. Tamarins (Callitrichidae) conspicuously deposit odorous secretions, produced by specialized scent glands, in their environment. In this study, we combined behavioral and chemical data on captive cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, and bearded emperor tamarins, S...

Five Bifidobacterium strains, VB23T , VB24T , VB25T , VB26T and VB31T , were isolated from chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ), cotton-top tamarin ( Saguinus oedipus ), Goeldi's marmoset ( Callimico goeldii ), moustached tamarin ( Saguinus mystax ) and patas monkey ( Erythrocebus patas ), respectively, which were kept in two Czech zoos. These strains were isolated from faecal samples and were Gram-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, anaerobic and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA revealed close relatedness between VB23T and Bifidobacterium angulatum LMG 11039T (96...

One way to address questions about the origins and adaptive significance of personality dimensions is by comparing the personality structures of closely related species that differ in their socioecological circumstances. For the present study, we compared the personalities of captive golden-handed tamarins ( Saguinus midas ; N = 28), cotton-top tamarins ( Saguinus oedipus ; N = 20), and common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ; N = 17). All 3 species are New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae. They thus share reproductive and behavioral characteristics but differ some in terms of their diet, habitat, and social organization...

The history of each human chromosome can be studied through comparative cytogenetic approaches in mammals which permit the identification of human chromosomal homologies and rearrangements between species. Comparative banding, chromosome painting, Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) mapping and genome data permit researchers to formulate hypotheses about ancestral chromosome forms. Human chromosome 13 has been previously shown to be conserved as a single syntenic element in the Ancestral Primate Karyotype; in this context, in order to study and verify the conservation of primate chromosomes homologous to human chromosome 13, we mapped a selected set of BAC probes in three platyrrhine species, characterised by a high level of rearrangements, using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH)...

Cowpox virus (CPXV) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the Poxviridae family and is endemic in western Eurasia. Based on seroprevalence studies in different voles from continental Europe and UK, voles are suspected to be the major reservoir host. Recently, a CPXV was isolated from a bank vole ( Myodes glareolus ) in Germany that showed a high genetic similarity to another isolate originating from a Cotton-top tamarin ( Saguinus oedipus ). Here we characterize this first bank vole-derived CPXV isolate in comparison to the related tamarin-derived isolate...