Beta-alanine

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) can regulate cell behavior and are associated with neurological disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression levels of tRNAs in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and their possible roles in the regulation of brain white matter injury (WMI). Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal day 5) were used to establish a model that mimicked neonatal brain WMI. RNA-array analysis was performed to examine the expression of tRNAs in OPCs. psRNAtarget software was used to predict target mRNAs of significantly altered tRNAs...

Polydopamine (PDA) is an insoluble biopolymer with a dark brown-black color that forms through the autoxidation of dopamine. Because of its outstanding biocompatibility and durability, PDA holds enormous promise for various applications, both in the biomedical and non-medical domains. To ensure human safety, protect health, and minimize environmental impacts, the assessment of PDA toxicity is important. In this study, metabolomics and lipidomics assessed the impact of acute PDA exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans (C...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to conduct a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma from patients with spinal tuberculosis (STB) to systematically elucidate the metabolomic alterations associated with STB, and explore potential diagnostic biomarkers for STB. METHODS: From January 2020 to January 2022, 30 patients with spinal tuberculosis (STBs) clinically diagnosed at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were selected for this study...

Depression is a serious mental illness. Previous studies found that early life stress (ELS) plays a vital role in the onset and progression of depression. However, relevant studies have not yet been able to explain the specific effects of early stress on stress-induced depression sensitivity and individual behavior during growth. Therefore, we constructed a maternal separation (MS) model and administered chronic social frustration stress at different stages of their growth while conducting metabolomics analysis on the hippocampus of mice...

The process of N-doping is frequently employed to enhance the properties of carbon quantum dots. However, the precise requirements for nitrogen precursors in producing high-quality N-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) remain undefined. This research systematically examines the influence of various nitrogen dopants on the morphology, optical features, and band structure of NCQDs. The dots are synthesized using an efficient, eco- friendly, and rapid continuous hydrothermal flow technique. This method offers unparalleled control over synthesis and doping, while also eliminating convention-related issues...

The clinical effects of Schisandra chinensis against human disease are well-documented; however, studies on its application in controlling plant pathogens are limited. Here, we investigated its inhibitory effect on the growth of Alternaria alternata, a fungus which causes significant post-harvest losses on apples, known as black spot disease. S. chinensis fruit extract exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth of A. alternata with an EC50 of 1882.00 mg/L. There were 157 compounds identified in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, where benzocaine constituted 14...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens accountable to developing skin cancers. Recently, we reported that exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a common PAH, causes epigenetic and metabolic alterations in the initiation, promotion, and progression of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). As a follow-up investigation, this study examines how dietary triterpenoid ursolic acid regulates B[a]P-driven epigenetic and metabolic pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice. Our results show UA intercepts against B[a]P-induced tumorigenesis at different stages of NMSC...

Reducing enteric methane (one greenhouse gas) emissions from beef cattle not only can be beneficial in reducing global warming, but also improve efficiency of nutrient utilization in the production system. However, direct measurement of enteric methane emissions on individual cattle is difficult and expensive. The objective of this study was to detect plasma metabolites that are associated with enteric methane emissions in beef cattle. Average enteric methane emissions (CH4) per day (AVG_DAILYCH4) for each individual cattle were measured using the GreenFeed emission monitoring (GEM) unit system, and beef cattle with divergent AVG_DAILYCH4 from Angus (n = 10 for the low CH4 group and 9 for the high CH4 group), Charolais (n = 10 for low and 10 for = high), and Kinsella Composite (n = 10 for low and 10 for high) populations were used for plasma metabolite quantification and metabolite-CH4 association analyses...

Objective: the aim of this study was to identify plasma metabolomic markers of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns in pregnant women. Methods: This study included 186 women who had both dietary intake and metabolome measured from a nested case-control study within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons cohort (FGS). Dietary intakes were ascertained at 8-13 gestational weeks (GW) using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and DASH scores were calculated based on eight food and nutrient components...

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effects of Isatis Leaf (ISL) on the growth performance, gastrointestinal tissue morphology, rumen and intestinal microbiota, rumen, serum and urine metabolites, and rumen epithelial tissue transcriptome of fattening sheep. METHODS: Twelve 3.5-month-old healthy fattening sheep were randomly divided into two groups, each with 6 replicates, and fed with basal diet (CON) and basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg ISL for 2.5 months...

The plasma metabolomic profile of elite harness horses subjected to different training programmes was explored. All horses had the same training programme from 1.5 until 2 years of age and then high-intensity training was introduced, with horses divided into high and low training groups. Morning blood samples were collected at 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3.5 years of age. The plasma was analysed using targeted absolute quantitative analysis and a combination of tandem mass spectrometry, flow-injection analysis and liquid chromatography...

Salinity, a key limiting factor, affects the distribution and survival of marine species. The Hong Kong oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis), a euryhaline species found along the coast of the South China Sea, has become a major aquaculture bivalve species. To determine the molecular mechanism by which oysters respond to coastal waters with varying salinity levels, we used RNA-seq to sequence the gill samples of oysters exposed to normal (25 ‰, S25), low (5 ‰, S5) and high (35 ‰, S35) salinity conditions for one month...

alanine (BA), being a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is an important constituent of L-carnosine (LC), which is necessary for maintaining the muscle buffering capacity and preventing a loss of muscle mass associated with aging effects. BA is also very important for normal human metabolism due to the formation of a part of pantothenate, which is incorporated into coenzyme A. BA is synthesized in the liver, and its combination with histidine results in the formation of LC, which accumulates in the muscles and brain tissues and has a well-defined physiological role as a good buffer for the pH range of muscles that caused its rapidly increased popularity as ergogenic support to sports performance...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, there is growing studies confirm the role of impaired lung function in LC susceptibility. Moreover, gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with LC severity. Whether alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with long-term lung dysfunction in LC patients remain unclear. Our study aimed to analyze the risk factors in LC patients with impaired pulmonary function based on the characteristics of the gut microbiome and metabolites...

Due to the different price and high quality, halal meat such as beef can be adulterated with non-halal meat with low price to get an economical price. The objective of this research was to develop an analytical method for halal authentication testing of beef meatballs (BM) from dog meat (DM) using a non-targeted metabolomics approach employing liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemometrics. The differentiation of authentic BM from that adulterated with DM was successfully performed using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy (R2 X = 0...

This study aims to explore the development of sustainable fertilizers from waste materials of a biogas plant and a brewery. These wastes, rich in organic carbon and nitrogen, were processed with sulfuric(VI) and phosphoric(V) acid mixture, facilitating the production of free amino acids and achieving waste sanitization. This treatment produced by-products, which extended the range of possible applications. The highest concentration of free amino acids (360 mg/l) was achieved through hydrolyzing with a 40% concentration medium over 24 h...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Amniotic fluid (AF) is the primary intrauterine environment for fetal growth throughout gestation. Selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) is an adverse complication characterized by unequal growth in twins with nearly identical genetic makeup. However, the influence of AF-mediated intrauterine environment on the development and progression of sFGR remains unexplored. METHODS: High-throughput targeted metabolomics analysis (G350) was performed on AF samples collected from sFGR (n = 18) and MCDA twins with birth weight concordance (MCDA-C, n = 20) cases...

CONTEXT: Histidine-containing dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, beta-alanine and others) are found in human muscle tissue and other organs like the brain. Data in rodents and humans indicate that administration of exogenous carnosine improved cognitive performance. However, RCTs results vary. OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of histidine-containing dipeptide (HCD) supplementation on cognitive performance in humans to assess its utility as a cognitive stabiliser...

Antineoplastic drugs are among the most toxic pharmaceuticals. Their release into the aquatic ecosystems has been reported, giving rise to concerns about the adverse effects, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, that they may have on exposed organisms. In this study, we analyzed the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its metabolite alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (3-NH2-F); gemcitabine (GEM) and its metabolite 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorouridine (2-DOH-DiF); as well as cyclophosphamide (CP) on the HepG2 cell line...

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CTNS gene encoding a protein called cystinosine, which is a lysosomal cystine transporter. Disease causing mutations lead accumulation of cystine crystals in the lysosomes and thereby causing dysfunction of vital organs. Determination of the increased leukocyte cystine level is one of the most used methods for diagnosis. However, this method is expensive, difficult to perform, and may yield different results in different laboratories. In this study, a disease model was created with CTNS gene-silenced HK2 cells, which can mimic cystinosis in cell culture, and multi-omics methods (i...