HPV, Cervical Cancer, Gardasil

Current estimates of the HPV infection rate in China vary by geographic region (9.6-23.6%), with two age peaks in prevalence in women ≤20-25 years of age and 50-60 years of age. HPV-16, 52 and 58 are the most commonly-detected HPV genotypes in the Chinese population. In China, five HPV vaccines are licensed and several others are undergoing clinical trials. Multiple RCTs have shown the efficacy and safety of the bvHPV (Cervarix), Escherichia coli -produced bvHPV (Cecolin), Pichia pastoris -produced bvHPV (Walrinvax), qvHPV (Gardasil) and 9vHPV (Gardasil-9) vaccines in Chinese populations, including two studies showing long-term efficacy (≥8 years) for the bvHPV and qvHPV vaccines...

Cervical cancer is a global health concern and ranks fourth among the most prevalent cancers in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a known precursor of cervical cancer and preventive measures include prophylactic vaccines. This study focused on sexually active Paraguayan women aged 18-25 years, exploring the intersection of HPV vaccination and sexual behavior. Among 254 participants, 40.9% received the Gardasil-4 vaccine, with no significant differences in sexual behavior between the vaccinated and unvaccinated sexually active groups...

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs are a key intervention in protecting individuals against HPV-related disease. HIV1-infected individuals are at increased risk of HPV-associated cancers. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of prophylactic HPV vaccines in preventing new HPV infections among participants with perinatally acquired HIV who received the quadrivalent HPV vaccine at least five years before this study. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Newlands Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe...

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer has been considered as one of the most common cancers in women (15-44 years) globally, but the advent of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine has raised the anticipation that eradication of cervical carcinoma might be achieved in the near future as several prophylactic cervical carcinoma vaccines have already been currently licensed in various countries. Countries should devise strategies, practices and policies to attain and sustain higher levels of HPV immunization coverage as still 68% countries have introduced HPV vaccine in their national immunization programs even after 17 years following the licensure of the first prophylactic HPV vaccine...

BACKGROUND: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection) that is estimated almost all sexually active Patients at some stage of their life will be infected by the virus. Although most HPV infections resolve spontaneously, some can result in health complications, such as genital warts and several types of cancer. This study analyzed the variety of HPV genotypes in females and males among the infected population. METHODS: Samples were obtained from the oral, vaginal, and genital sites of study participants and the samples underwent DNA extraction and subsequently amplified using Real-Time PCR...

Cervical cancer is caused mostly by human papillomavirus (HPV), and several HPV vaccines have been developed to prevent its onset. Vaccines include antigens as well as adjuvants, with adjuvants playing an important role in activating the innate immune responses necessary for inducing adaptive immunological responses. Recent research has shown the presence of trained immunity inside the innate immune system. However, trained immunity conferred by HPV vaccinations is not well understood. In this work, we explored the innate immune responses and trained immunity caused by two HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil...

BACKGROUND: Africa has some of the highest cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates globally. Burkina Faso launched a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme for 9-year-old girls in 2022 with support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi). An economic evaluation of HPV vaccination is required to help sustain investment and inform decisions about optimal HPV vaccine choices. METHODS: We used a proportionate outcomes static cohort model to evaluate the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination for 9-year-old girls over a ten-year period (2022-2031) in Burkina Faso...

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a leading cause of cervical cancer. Although this relies on infection and persistence of HPV in epithelial cells, often occurring in the context of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV), data on the relationships between these and their relative effects on epithelial barrier integrity in women remain sparse. This study describes the epidemiology of HPV combined with STI and/or BV prevalence and the relative impact on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) among South African women...

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women aged 15-44 years in the world, with more than three-quarters of cases diagnosed at a locally advanced clinical stage with minor prospects of survival. Although only a small percentage of women with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) develop cervical cancer and most of the HPV infections are cleared subsequently at primary stage itself, but seroconversion not always guarantees that the individual is immune to HPV. The advent of the cervical carcinoma vaccine has raised the expectations that eradication of cervical carcinoma might be possible in the near future as it exhibited remarkably high efficacy against the vaccine-specific types in naive women with no serious vaccine-related adverse events...

BACKGROUND: To meet global cervical cancer elimination efforts, a wider range of affordable and accessible vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) are needed. We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine (targeting HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18), developed and manufactured by the Serum Institute of India (SIIPL). Here we report outcomes in the 9-14 years cohort. METHODS: This randomised, active-controlled, phase 2/3 trial was conducted at 12 tertiary care hospitals across India...

OBJECTIVE: A review of current knowledge on the efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in preventing recurrent severe cervical lesions after excisional surgical treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: HPV infection is necessary for the development of most cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancers. Currently, three prophylactic vaccines against HPV infection are available on the market: bivalent Cervarix, quadrivalent Gardasil (formerly Silgard) and nonavalent Gardasil9...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination is considered an effective way to prevent cervical cancer. Although the vast majority of people experience no obvious adverse reactions after being vaccinated with HPV vaccine, the continuous monitoring of adverse events following immunization is important. Herein, we report the case of a previously healthy young woman who developed unilateral extraocular muscle palsy after receiving the third dose of the Gardasil HPV 9-valent vaccine (9vHPV) and was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (MG)...

Background Routine immunization of both girls and boys starting from nine years of age with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is the current recommendation. The objective of this retrospective study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data was to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic factors on the series initiation and completion of the HPV vaccine from 2011 to 2020. Methodology The chi-square test was used to examine the statistical significance of the association between categorical variables and receipt of the HPV vaccine...

BACKGROUND: An Escherichia coli-produced human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 bivalent vaccine (Cecolin) was prequalified by WHO in 2021. This study aimed to compare the immunogenicity of the E coli-produced HPV 9-valent vaccine Cecolin 9 (against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) with Gardasil 9. METHODS: This was a randomised, single-blind trial conducted in China. Healthy non-pregnant women aged 18-26 years, who were not breastfeeding and with no HPV vaccination history, were enrolled in the Ganyu Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, China)...

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer related to high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the second female cancer in the Republic of Congo (Congo). We herein evaluated the molecular epidemiology of cervical HPV infection and associated risk factors in Congolese women living in urban (Brazzaville) and rural (Plateaux department) settings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect demographic and behavioral data among Congolese women, and to obtain endocervical swab samples for HPV DNA molecular detection (Anyplex II HPV28, Seegene, Seoul, South Korea)...

Mozambique has one of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced in 2021. This study evaluated the health and economic impact of the current HPV vaccine (GARDASIL® hereafter referred to as GARDASIL-4) and two other vaccines (CECOLIN® and CERVARIX® ) that could be used in the future. A static cohort model was used to estimate the costs and benefits of vaccinating girls in Mozambique over the period 2022-2031. The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted from a government perspective...

Cervical cancer is the most common health problem among global young women. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a pre-invasive stage of cervical cancer, the major cause of which is human papillomavirus (HPV), and vaccination has a promising effect on reducing the progression of CIN lesions. The current study was a retrospective case control investigation in two centers, Shiraz and Sari Universities of Medical Sciences from 2018 to 2020 to evaluate the effect of quadrivalent HPV vaccination on CIN lesions (I, II, and III)...

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of cervical cancer cases and deaths worldwide. Kenya introduced a quadrivalent HPV vaccine (GARDASIL, hereafter referred to as GARDASIL-4) for ten-year-old girls in late 2019 with donor support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. As Kenya may soon graduate from Gavi support, it is important to evaluate the potential cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the current HPV vaccine, and potential alternatives. METHODS: We used a proportionate outcomes static cohort model to evaluate the annual budget impact and lifetime cost-effectiveness of vaccinating ten-year-old girls over the period 2020-2029...

High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is the cause of most cervical cancers. Since therapeutic vaccines are not yet available for clinical practice, the administration of HPV prophylactic vaccines in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) arouses great interest and its value after excisional treatment of CIN remains unclear. We conducted this prospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of HPV prophylactic vaccination on preventing women from subsequent infection and cervical lesions after excision treatment...

Gardasil® (Merck) and Cervarix® (GlaxoSmithKline) both provide protection against infection with Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) and Human Papillomavirus 18 (HPV18), that account for around 70% of cervical cancers. Both vaccines have been shown to induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies and are known to protect against progression beyond cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2+), although Cervarix® has been linked to enhanced protection from progression. However, beyond the transmission-blocking activity of neutralizing antibodies against HPV, no clear correlate of protection has been defined that may explain persistent control and clearance elicited by HPV vaccines...