Interleukin 23

INTRODUCTION: Interleukin (IL)-23 inhibitors are a new class of biologics currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Phase III studies of guselkumab, an IL-23 receptor monoclonal antibody, are currently underway. METHODS: We summarize the available phase III results to date, establishing the efficacy and safety of guselkumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. RESULTS: Currently, there are available data of up to 48 weeks from two Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and comparator-controlled clinical trials, VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2...

BACKGROUND: In a subset of severe asthma patients, chronic airway inflammation is associated with infiltration of neutrophils, Th-17 cells and elevated expression of Th-17-derived cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-17, IL-21, IL-22). Peripheral neutrophils from allergic asthmatics are known to express higher IL-17 cytokine levels than those from healthy subjects, but the regulatory mechanisms involved are not well understood. We hypothesize that Th-17 regulatory cytokines could modulate IL-17 expression in neutrophils...

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) plays an important role in host immunity and tissue homeostasis in infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, the function and regulation of IL-22 in viral infection remain largely unknown. Here, we report that viral infection triggered early IL-22 production from the liver and lymphoid organs. γδ T cells are the main immune cells to produce IL-22 in the liver, a process mediated by the IL-23/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway...

Interleukin 23 (IL-23) regulates the development of TH17 cells, which are important for antimicrobial and antifungal responses, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-23-induced Jak/STAT signaling is mediated via the heterodimeric IL-23 receptor (IL-23R):IL-12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) complex. The typical signal-transducing receptor of the IL-6/IL-12 family contains three extracellular membrane proximal FNIII-type domains, which are not involved in cytokine binding but mandatory for signal transduction...

BACKGROUND: Ustekinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody against the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL) 12 and 23 which is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. Ustekinumab is approved for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treatment and has been successfully evaluated in phase II and III trials for patients with Crohn's disease (CD). CASE PRESENTATION: We report here the case of a patient who became pregnant during treatment with ustekinumab for a refractory CD and which ended in miscarriage...

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppression is common even in the early stage of severe sepsis. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion and lymphocyte exhaustion are the main features of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. However, the relationship between IL-10 and the lymphocyte is still unclear. We investigated if IL-10/lymphocyte ratio (IL10LCR) were associated with mortality in severe septic patients. METHODS: Adult patients with severe sepsis admitted to ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were identified from October 2012 to August 2013...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Rac1/MAPK/ERK) signal pathway in rats with ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) and its mechanism. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into spontaneous respiration group, normal tidal volume (VT) group and high VT group with 10 rats in each group. The rats in spontaneous respiration group were kept their spontaneous breathing...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of curcumin on hepatocytes in rats with sepsis. METHODS: Eighty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, sepsis group, Xuebijing group and curcumin group (20 rats in each group) according to the random number table method. The animal model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In the sham operation group, the cecum was removed only after the operation...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD2), and stromal interaction molecular 1 (STIM1) for regulating human vascular endothelial calcium overload injury and inflammatory reaction induced by bacterial endotoxin (LPS). METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium (DMEM). (1) The levels of TLR4, MD2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were detected by reverse transcriotion-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before and 0...

OBJECTIVE: To approach the mechanisms and myocardial protective effect of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills on rats with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Sixty clean healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and observation group (each n = 20). The rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was established by ligation of left anterior descent (LAD) branch of coronary artery. After modeling, the rats in observation group were given 0...

The major burden of knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) is pain. Since in elder patients diabetes mellitus is an important comorbidity of OA we explored whether the presence of diabetes mellitus has a significant influence on pain intensity at the end stage of knee OA, and we aimed to identify factors possibly related to changes of pain intensity in diabetic patients. In 23 diabetic and 47 non-diabetic OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, we assessed the pain intensity before the operation using the "Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score" (KOOS)...

A previously undescribed nor-dammarane, 3β,20,23-trihydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranordammarane; three previously undescribed secoiridoid glycosides, ligujaponosides A-B, and iso-oleonuzhenide; and twenty three known compounds, were isolated from the fruits of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HRMS. The isolated compounds were screened for immunosuppressive effects on T activated cells by evaluating interleukin-2 (IL-2) production...

OBJECTIVE: To explore and discuss the effects and mechanisms of mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) on oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells of type 2 diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The model of diabetic rats was established by inducing the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with high-sugar and high-fat diet for 6 weeks and then giving them streptozotocin (STZ) by single intraperitoneal injection. The mulberry leaf polysaccharide was administered via gavage daily for 8 weeks, and the tissue morphology was observed through electron microscopy...

Therapeutic strategies in ulcerative colitis are evolving. A personalized and optimal use of available drugs and the integration of new drug classes are the cornerstones underpinning the new treatment paradigms. Areas covered: A structured literature search in Medline and PubMed, Cochrane meta-analyses, and abstracts of international congresses has been performed to review therapeutic approaches to ulcerative colitis. The primary therapeutic objective of therapy is to achieve clinical remission since persistence of active disease, even if mild, leads to a significant reduction in quality of life...

PURPOSE: The dietary guidelines for the consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables have been recognized as an important factor for achieving healthy eating patterns to reduce the risk of chronic disease throughout the lifespan. Our aim is to assess the association between fruit and vegetable variety and low-grade inflammation in adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted with 412 adolescents (ages 14.4 ± 1.7 years; 52% girls). The consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables was assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire, considering the number of individual/category of fruit or vegetable intake at least once month, and categorized into tertiles...

Background: Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) has been implicated in vascular calcification pathogenesis. CKD-MBD results in alterations in the number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), physiological regulators of angiogenesis and vessel repair, commonly defined as proangiogenic progenitor cells (PACs) by the antigen pattern CD34+CD133+KDR+CD45- and putative EPCs by the pattern CD34+CD133-KDR+CD45-. These cells might acquire a calcifying phenotype in CKD-MBD, expressing mineralization biomarkers...

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are a group of disorders involving temporomandibular joint and related structures. Interleukine-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is an important anti-inflammatory molecule that competes with other interleukin-1 molecules. This study was designed to investigate the possible association of the IL-1Ra VNTR variant with the risk of TMD in the Turkish population. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 100 patients with TMD (23 males, 77 females) and 110 healthy individuals (35 males, 75 females)...

OBJECTIVE: As the immune system is suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in menopause, we compared the levels of proresorptive and antiresorptive cytokines produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from postmenopausal women with normal and low bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Seventy-one postmenopausal women were studied; 25 had normal BMD and 46 had low BMD. Participants were categorized as normal (n = 25), osteopenic (n = 31), and osteoporotic (n = 15) based on T-scores...

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease at present mainly targets mediators of inflammation to stop or suppress pro-inflammatory processes. Typical examples are steroids, suppression of T cells by thioguanine nucleotides, or antibodies against cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 12, or interleukin 23. In addition to suppression of inflammation, development of therapeutic strategies that support resolution of inflammation or that actively resolve inflammation might be desirable. Resolution of inflammation is now seen as an active process involving specific mediators (eg, lipid mediators or specific cytokines) that is mandatory to restore organ function and completely shut down inflammation...

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has diverse roles associated with cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is known to inhibit MMP-9 by complexing with it at a 1:1 ratio. Suppressing MMP-9 activity through the overexpression of TIMP-1 allows for regulation of tumor growth and metastasis by blocking invasion and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. We found that TIMP-1 and interleukin (IL)-23 are induced in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, a cell line established by Abelson leukemia virus transformation from the BALB/c mouse strain, in a dose-dependent pattern, at the transcriptional level by treatment with a crude polysaccharide fraction of Phellinus linteus (CPP) at a range of 10 to 1000 μg/mL...