keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38193168/improving-morphological-and-functional-properties-of-enteric-neuronal-networks-in-vitro-using-a-novel-upside-down-culture-approach
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven Schulte, Dominique Decker, Bharat Nowduri, Manuela Gries, Anne Christmann, Antoine Meyszner, Holger Rabe, Monika Saumer, Karl Herbert Schäfer
The enteric nervous system comprises millions of neurons and glia embedded in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. It not only controls important functions of the gut, but also interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota and the gut-brain-axis, thereby playing a key role in health and disease of the whole organism. Any disturbance of this intricate system is mirrored in an alteration of electrical functionality, making electrophysiological methods important tools for investigating ENS-related disorders...
January 9, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38181562/human-coculture-model-of-astrocytes-and-sh-sy5y-cells-to-test-the-neurotoxicity-of-chemicals
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seungmin Park, Ha-Na Oh, Woo-Keun Kim
In this study, we established a coculture model comprising human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes, faithfully replicating the human brain environment for in vitro neurotoxicity assessment. We optimized the cell differentiation duration and cell ratios to obtain images conducive to neurite outgrowth evaluation. Subsequently, the neurotoxic effects in the coculture and monoculture of SH-SY5Y cells were confirmed using neurotoxic agents such as acrylamide (ACR) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )...
January 4, 2024: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38165325/structural-and-functional-brain-network-connectivity-at-different-king-s-stages-in-patients-with-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edoardo G Spinelli, Alma Ghirelli, Silvia Basaia, Elisa Canu, Veronica Castelnovo, Camilla Cividini, Tommaso Russo, Paride Schito, Yuri M Falzone, Nilo Riva, Massimo Filippi, Federica Agosta
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is currently no validated disease-stage biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The identification of quantitative and reproducible markers of disease stratification in ALS is fundamental for study design definition and inclusion of homogenous patient cohorts into clinical trials. Our aim was to assess the rearrangements of structural and functional brain connectivity underlying the clinical stages of ALS, to suggest objective, reproducible measures provided by MRI connectomics mirroring disease staging...
January 23, 2024: Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38150479/pyrates-a-code-generation-tool-for-modeling-dynamical-systems-in-biology-and-beyond
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard Gast, Thomas R Knösche, Ann Kennedy
The mathematical study of real-world dynamical systems relies on models composed of differential equations. Numerical methods for solving and analyzing differential equation systems are essential when complex biological problems have to be studied, such as the spreading of a virus, the evolution of competing species in an ecosystem, or the dynamics of neurons in the brain. Here we present PyRates, a Python-based software for modeling and analyzing differential equation systems via numerical methods. PyRates is specifically designed to account for the inherent complexity of biological systems...
December 27, 2023: PLoS Computational Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38127506/facial-emotional-congruence-in-healthy-adults-and-patients-suffering-from-a-psychiatric-or-neurological-disorder
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pauline Gury, Pauline Narme, Alessandra Tommasi, Nathalie Ehrlé
The production of facial emotions is an important conveyor of social communication. The present review of the literature concerns the congruence of facial emotions, that is the facial muscular activation that takes place in response to the emotional facial expression perceived in others. Although scientific interest in facial emotions has increased exponentially in the last few years, the production of facial emotions is still underexplored as compared to emotional perception. Several studies, mainly conducted with electromyography, have shown that facial emotional congruence exists in a robust way, largely for anger and happiness...
December 21, 2023: Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38114049/exploring-altered-oscillatory-activity-in-the-anterior-cingulate-cortex-after-nerve-injury-insights-into-mechanisms-of-neuropathic-allodynia
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahnoosh Mirmoosavi, Amir Aminitabar, Alavie Mirfathollahi, Vahid Shalchyan
While neural oscillations play a critical role in sensory perception, it remains unclear how these rhythms function under conditions of neuropathic allodynia. Recent studies demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with the affective-aversive component of pain, and plasticity changes in this region are closely linked to abnormal allodynic sensations. Here, to study the mechanisms of allodynia, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in the bilateral ACC of awake-behaving rats and compared the spectral power and center frequency of brain oscillations between healthy and CCI (chronic constriction injury) induced neuropathic pain conditions...
January 2024: Neurobiology of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38098523/the-physiological-basis-of-leader-follower-roles-in-the-dyadic-alternating-tapping-task
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kenta Tomyta, Natsuki Saito, Hideki Ohira
INTRODUCTION: Cooperative and collaborative behaviors are important concepts for co-creative communication. One of the key elements for these behaviors is the leader-follower roles in human communication. Leaders are those who maintain their own pace and rhythm, on the contrary, followers are those who follow the pace and rhythm of the other. Well-coordinated leader-follower roles would produce better cooperative and collaborative behaviors, which could promote co-creative communication...
2023: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38077003/somatic-mosaicism-in-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-and-frontotemporal-dementia-reveals-widespread-degeneration-from-focal-mutations
#28
Zinan Zhou, Junho Kim, August Yue Huang, Matthew Nolan, Junseok Park, Ryan Doan, Taehwan Shin, Michael B Miller, Brian Chhouk, Katherine Morillo, Rebecca C Yeh, Connor Kenny, Jennifer E Neil, Chao-Zong Lee, Takuya Ohkubo, John Ravits, Olaf Ansorge, Lyle W Ostrow, Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne, Eunjung Alice Lee, Christopher A Walsh
Although mutations in dozens of genes have been implicated in familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (fFTD), most cases of these conditions are sporadic (sALS and sFTD), with no family history, and their etiology remains obscure. We tested the hypothesis that somatic mosaic mutations, present in some but not all cells, might contribute in these cases, by performing ultra-deep, targeted sequencing of 88 genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in postmortem brain and spinal cord samples from 404 individuals with sALS or sFTD and 144 controls...
December 1, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38052088/modeling-the-role-of-contour-integration-in-visual-inference
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Salman Khan, Alexander Wong, Bryan Tripp
Under difficult viewing conditions, the brain's visual system uses a variety of recurrent modulatory mechanisms to augment feedforward processing. One resulting phenomenon is contour integration, which occurs in the primary visual (V1) cortex and strengthens neural responses to edges if they belong to a larger smooth contour. Computational models have contributed to an understanding of the circuit mechanisms of contour integration, but less is known about its role in visual perception. To address this gap, we embedded a biologically grounded model of contour integration in a task-driven artificial neural network and trained it using a gradient-descent variant...
November 22, 2023: Neural Computation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38021233/time-course-of-effective-connectivity-associated-with-perspective-taking-in-utterance-comprehension
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shingo Tokimoto, Naoko Tokimoto
This study discusses the effective connectivity in the brain and its time course in realizing perspective taking in verbal communication through electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with the understanding of Japanese utterances. We manipulated perspective taking in a sentence with the Japanese subsidiary verbs -ageru and -kureru , which mean "to give". We measured the EEG during the auditory presentation of the sentences with a multichannel electroencephalograph, and the partial directed coherence and its temporal variations were analyzed using the source localization method to examine causal interactions between nineteen regions of interest in the brain...
2023: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38020245/what-networks-in-the-brain-system-sustain-imagination
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Riccardo Fesce, Roberto Gatti
The brain cannot stop elaborating information. While the circuitries implied in processing sensory information, and those involved in programming and producing movements, have been extensively studied and characterized, what circuits elicit and sustain the endogenous activity (which might be referred to as imaginative activity) has not been clarified to a similar extent. The two areas which have been investigated most intensely are visual and motor imagery. Visual imagery mostly involves the same areas as visual processing and has been studied by having the subject face specific visual imagery tasks that are related to the use of the visual sketchpad as a component of the working memory system...
2023: Front Netw Physiol
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38015629/age-related-loss-of-notch3-underlies-brain-vascular-contractility-deficiencies-glymphatic-dysfunction-and-neurodegeneration-in-mice
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Milagros C Romay, Russell H Knutsen, Feiyang Ma, Ana Mompeón, Gloria E Hernandez, Jocelynda Salvador, Snezana Mirkov, Ayush Batra, David P Sullivan, Daniele Procissi, Samuel Buchanan, Elise Kronquist, Elisa A Ferrante, William A Muller, Jordain Walshon, Alicia Steffens, Kathleen McCortney, Craig Horbinski, Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve, Adam M Sonabend, Farzaneh A Sorond, Michael M Wang, Manfred Boehm, Beth A Kozel, M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
Vascular aging affects multiple organ systems, including the brain, where it can lead to vascular dementia. However, a concrete understanding of how aging specifically affects the brain vasculature, along with molecular readouts, remains vastly incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that aging is associated with a marked decline in Notch3 signaling in both murine and human brain vessels. To clarify the consequences of Notch3 loss in the brain vasculature, we used single-cell transcriptomics and found that Notch3 inactivation alters regulation of calcium and contractile function and promotes a notable increase in extracellular matrix...
January 16, 2024: Journal of Clinical Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37998694/empathy-modulates-the-activity-of-the-sensorimotor-mirror-neuron-system-during-pain-observation
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julio Plata-Bello, Nicole Privato, Cristián Modroño, Yaiza Pérez-Martín, África Borges, José Luis González-Mora
AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the brain activity patterns during the observation of painful expressions and to establish the relationship between this activity and the scores obtained on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). METHODS: The study included twenty healthy, right-handed subjects (10 women). We conducted a task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. The task involved observing pictures displaying painful expressions...
November 17, 2023: Behavioral Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37996437/exploring-the-neural-basis-and-modulating-factors-of-implicit-altercentric-spatial-perspective-taking-with-fnirs
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natania Ang, Birgit Brucker, David Rosenbaum, Martin Lachmair, Thomas Dresler, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Peter Gerjets
Humans spontaneously take the perspective of others when encoding spatial information in a scene, especially with agentive action cues present. This functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study explored how action observation influences implicit spatial perspective-taking (SPT) by adapting a left-right spatial judgment task to investigate whether transformation strategies underlying altercentric SPT can be predicted on the basis of cortical activation. Strategies associated with two opposing neurocognitive accounts (embodied versus disembodied) and their proposed neural correlates (human mirror neuron system; hMNS versus cognitive control network; CCN) are hypothesized...
November 23, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37986800/progressively-shifting-patterns-of-co-modulation-among-premotor-cortex-neurons-carry-dynamically-similar-signals-during-action-execution-and-observation
#35
Zhonghao Zhao, Marc H Schieber
Many neurons in the premotor cortex show firing rate modulation whether the subject performs an action or observes another individual performing the same action. Although such "mirror neurons" have been thought to have highly congruent discharge during execution and observation, many if not most show non-congruent activity. Studies of such neuronal populations have shown that the most prevalent patterns of co-modulation-captured as neural trajectories-pass through subspaces which are shared in part, but in part are visited exclusively during either execution or observation...
November 6, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37976052/artificial-neuron-devices
#36
REVIEW
Ke He, Cong Wang, Yongli He, Jiangtao Su, Xiaodong Chen
Efforts to design devices emulating complex cognitive abilities and response processes of biological systems have long been a coveted goal. Recent advancements in flexible electronics, mirroring human tissue's mechanical properties, hold significant promise. Artificial neuron devices, hinging on flexible artificial synapses, bioinspired sensors, and actuators, are meticulously engineered to mimic the biological systems. However, this field is in its infancy, requiring substantial groundwork to achieve autonomous systems with intelligent feedback, adaptability, and tangible problem-solving capabilities...
December 13, 2023: Chemical Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37956956/guidelines-for-reporting-action-simulation-studies-grass-proposals-to-improve-reporting-of-research-in-motor-imagery-and-action-observation
#37
REVIEW
Marcos Moreno-Verdú, Gautier Hamoline, Elise E Van Caenegem, Baptiste M Waltzing, Sébastien Forest, Ashika C Valappil, Adam H Khan, Samantha Chye, Maaike Esselaar, Mark J Campbell, Craig J McAllister, Sarah N Kraeutner, Ellen Poliakoff, Cornelia Frank, Daniel L Eaves, Caroline Wakefield, Shaun G Boe, Paul S Holmes, Adam M Bruton, Stefan Vogt, David J Wright, Robert M Hardwick
Researchers from multiple disciplines have studied the simulation of actions through motor imagery, action observation, or their combination. Procedures used in these studies vary considerably between research groups, and no standardized approach to reporting experimental protocols has been proposed. This has led to under-reporting of critical details, impairing the assessment, replication, synthesis, and potential clinical translation of effects. We provide an overview of issues related to the reporting of information in action simulation studies, and discuss the benefits of standardized reporting...
November 11, 2023: Neuropsychologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37942301/unilateral-optogenetic-kindling-of-hippocampus-leads-to-more-severe-impairments-of-the-inhibitory-signaling-in-the-contralateral-hippocampus
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fabio Cesar Tescarollo, Daniel Valdivia, Spencer Chen, Hai Sun
The kindling model has been used extensively by researchers to study the neurobiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to its capacity to induce intensification of seizures by the progressive recruitment of additional neuronal clusters into epileptogenic networks. We applied repetitive focal optogenetic activation of putative excitatory neurons in the dorsal CA1 area of the hippocampus of mice to investigate the role of inhibitory signaling during this process. This experimental protocol resulted in a kindling phenotype that was maintained for 2 weeks after the animals were fully kindled...
2023: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37930455/amyloid-%C3%AE-mediates-intestinal-dysfunction-and-enteric-neurons-loss-in-alzheimer-s-disease-transgenic-mouse
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guoqiang Liu, Quntao Yu, Houze Zhu, Bo Tan, Hongyan Yu, Xinyan Li, Youming Lu, Hao Li
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is traditionally considered as a brain disorder featured by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. The current study on whether pathological changes of AD extend to the enteric nervous system (ENS) is still in its infancy. In this study, we found enteric Aβ deposition, intestinal dysfunction, and colonic inflammation in the young APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, these mice exhibited cholinergic and nitrergic signaling pathways damages and enteric neuronal loss. Our data show that Aβ42 treatment remarkably affected the gene expression of cultured myenteric neurons and the spontaneous contraction of intestinal smooth muscles...
November 6, 2023: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37920735/the-effect-of-automatic-imitation-in-serial-movements-with-different-effectors
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroshi Ito
Individuals often imitate the postures or gestures of others in everyday life, without even being aware. This behavioral tendency is known as "automatic imitation" in laboratory settings and is thought to play a crucial role in social interactions. Previous studies have shown that the perception of a simple finger movement activates a shared representation of the observed and executed movements, which then elicits automatic imitation. However, relatively few studies have examined whether automatic imitation is limited to simple single-finger movements or whether it can be produced using a different automatic imitation paradigm with more complex sequential movements...
2023: Frontiers in Psychology
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