keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493572/mu-erd-reflects-action-understanding-but-the-effect-is-small
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lawrence Paul Behmer
Since the mid-2000's, many researchers have provided evidence that mu-ERD measured at the motor cortex may reflect the collective activation of upstream brain regions associated with the human mirror system during action observation paradigms; however, several recent papers have called these findings into question. Our study represents an effort to address these criticisms. In our study, participants watched videos in which the type of grip an actor used to grasp a coffee mug either conveyed the goal with 100 % certainty (unambiguous-goal trials), or offered no predictive information (ambiguous-goal trials)...
March 16, 2024: Brain Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38434219/brain-activation-during-processing-of-mouth-actions-in-patients-with-disorders-of-consciousness
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonino Errante, Stefania Ferraro, Greta Demichelis, Chiara Pinardi, Mario Stanziano, Davide Sattin, Davide Rossi Sebastiano, Stefano Rozzi, Ludovico D'Incerti, Eleonora Catricalà, Matilde Leonardi, Maria Grazia Bruzzone, Leonardo Fogassi, Anna Nigri
In the past 2 decades, several attempts have been made to promote a correct diagnosis and possible restorative interventions in patients suffering from disorders of consciousness. Sensory stimulation has been proved to be useful in sustaining the level of arousal/awareness and to improve behavioural responsiveness with a significant effect on oro-motor functions. Recently, action observation has been proposed as a stimulation strategy in patients with disorders of consciousness, based on neurophysiological evidence that the motor cortex can be activated not only during action execution but also when actions are merely observed in the absence of motor output, or during listening to action sounds and speech...
2024: Brain communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38408745/quantitative-eeg-for-the-monitoring-of-walking-recovery-in-chronic-stroke-patients-receiving-action-observation-training
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatemeh Shamsi, Hadi Aligholi, Mohammad Taghi Karimi, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi, Mohammad Nami
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of action observation on the walking ability and oscillatory brain activity of chronic stroke patients. Fourteen chronic stroke patients were allocated randomly to the action observation (AO) or sham observation (SO) groups. Both groups received 12 sessions of intervention. Each session composed of 12 min of observational training, which depicted exercises for the experimental group but nature pictures for the sham group and 40 min of occupational therapy, which was the same for the both groups...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Motor Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38405925/molecularly-stratified-hypothalamic-astrocytes-are-cellular-foci-for-obesity
#4
Tibor Harkany, Evgenii Tretiakov, Luis Varela, Jasna Jarc, Patrick Rebernik, Sylvia Newbold, Erik Keimpema, Alexei Verkhratsky, Tamas Horvath, Roman Romanov
Astrocytes safeguard the homeostasis of the central nervous system 1,2 . Despite their prominent morphological plasticity under conditions that challenge the brain's adaptive capacity 3-5 , the classification of astrocytes, and relating their molecular make-up to spatially devolved neuronal operations that specify behavior or metabolism, remained mostly futile 6,7 . Although it seems unexpected in the era of single-cell biology, the lack of a major advance in stratifying astrocytes under physiological conditions rests on the incompatibility of 'neurocentric' algorithms that rely on stable developmental endpoints, lifelong transcriptional, neurotransmitter, and neuropeptide signatures for classification 6-8 with the dynamic functional states, anatomic allocation, and allostatic plasticity of astrocytes 1 ...
February 9, 2024: Research Square
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38396447/segregated-dynamical-networks-for-biological-motion-perception-in-the-mu-and-beta-range-underlie-social-deficits-in-autism
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Siemann, Anne Kroeger, Stephan Bender, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Michael Siniatchkin
OBJECTIVE: Biological motion perception (BMP) correlating with a mirror neuron system (MNS) is attenuated in underage individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While BMP in typically-developing controls (TDCs) encompasses interconnected MNS structures, ASD data hint at segregated form and motion processing. This coincides with less fewer long-range connections in ASD than TDC. Using BMP and electroencephalography (EEG) in ASD, we characterized directionality and coherence (mu and beta frequencies)...
February 13, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38387557/driving-hebbian-plasticity-over-ventral-premotor-motor-projections-transiently-enhances-motor-resonance
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emilio Chiappini, Sonia Turrini, Marco Zanon, Mattia Marangon, Sara Borgomaneri, Alessio Avenanti
BACKGROUND: Making sense of others' actions relies on the activation of an action observation network (AON), which maps visual information about observed actions onto the observer's motor system. This motor resonance process manifests in the primary motor cortex (M1) as increased corticospinal excitability finely tuned to the muscles engaged in the observed action. Motor resonance in M1 is facilitated by projections from higher-order AON regions. However, whether manipulating the strength of AON-to-M1 connectivity affects motor resonance remains unclear...
February 20, 2024: Brain Stimulation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38372457/mirror-image-phage-display-for-the-selection-of-d-amino-acid-peptide-ligands-as-potential-therapeutics
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marwa Malhis, Susanne Aileen Funke
In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), endogenous proteins or peptides aggregate with themselves. These proteins may lose their function or aggregates and/or oligomers can obtain toxicity, causing injury or death to cells. Aggregation of two major proteins characterizes AD. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is deposited in amyloid plaques within the extracellular space of the brain and Tau in so-called neurofibrillary tangles in neurons. Finding peptide ligands to halt protein aggregation is a promising therapeutical approach...
February 2024: Current protocols
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38365267/anatomo-functional-basis-of-emotional-and-motor-resonance-elicited-by-facial-expressions
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Del Vecchio, Pietro Avanzini, Marzio Gerbella, Sara Costa, Flavia Maria Zauli, Piergiorgio d'Orio, Elena Focacci, Ivana Sartori, Fausto Caruana
Simulation theories predict that the observation of other's expressions modulates neural activity in the same centers controlling their production. This hypothesis has been developed by two models, postulating that the visual input is directly projected either to the motor system for action recognition (motor resonance) or to emotional/interoceptive regions for emotional contagion and social synchronization (emotional resonance). Here we investigated the role of frontal/insular regions in the processing of observed emotional expressions by combining intracranial recording, electrical stimulation and effective connectivity...
February 14, 2024: Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356771/perception-of-robotic-actions-and-the-influence-of-gender
#9
REVIEW
Miriam Abel, Giovanni Buccino, Ferdinand Binkofski
In our society interaction with robots is becoming more and more frequent since robots are not only used in the industry, but increasingly often in assistance and in health system. Perception of robots and their movements is crucial for their acceptance. Here we shortly review basic mechanisms of perception of actions, and then of perception of robotic and human movements. The literature demonstrates that there are commonalities, but also differences in the perception of human and robotic movements. Especially interesting are biologic gender differences in the perception of robotic movements...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38346365/effects-of-mirror-neuron-activation-therapies-on-functionality-in-older-adults-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Mollà-Casanova, Álvaro Page, Juan López-Pascual, Marta Inglés, Núria Sempere-Rubio, Marta Aguilar-Rodríguez, Elena Muñoz-Gómez, Pilar Serra-Añó
PURPOSE: To identify the effects of mirror neuron activation (MNAT) combined or not with physical exercise (PE) in healthy older adults, on functionality, balance, gait velocity and risk of falls. METHODS: A systematic electronic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase databases. RESULTS: Thirteen randomized controlled trials were included in the qualitative analysis, and eleven in the quantitative analysis. All studies showed fair to high quality and the most frequent high-risk bias was "Blinding of participants and personnel"...
February 10, 2024: Geriatric Nursing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38309185/disrupted-third-visual-pathway-function-in-schizophrenia-evidence-from-real-and-implied-motion-processing
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antígona Martínez, Pablo A Gaspar, Dalton H Bermudez, M Belen Aburto-Ponce, Odeta Beggel, Daniel C Javitt
Impaired motion perception in schizophrenia has been associated with deficits in social-cognitive processes and with reduced activation of visual sensory regions, including the middle temporal area (MT+) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). These findings are consistent with the recent proposal of the existence of a specific 'third visual pathway' specialized for social perception in which motion is a fundamental component. The third visual pathway transmits visual information from early sensory visual processing areas to the STS, with MT+ acting as a critical intermediary...
January 26, 2024: NeuroImage: Clinical
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38291230/dopaminergic-neuron-loss-in-mice-due-to-increased-levels-of-wild-type-human-%C3%AE-synuclein-only-takes-place-under-conditions-of-accelerated-aging
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Perez-Villalba, María Salomé Sirerol-Piquer, Raúl Soriano-Cantón, Virginia Folgado, Azucena Pérez-Cañamás, Martina Kirstein, Isabel Fariñas, Francisco Pérez-Sánchez
Understanding the intricate pathogenic mechanisms behind Parkinson's disease (PD) and its multifactorial nature presents a significant challenge in disease modeling. To address this, we explore genetic models that better capture the disease's complexity. Given that aging is the primary risk factor for PD, this study investigates the impact of aging in conjunction with overexpression of wild-type human α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the dopaminergic system. This is achieved by introducing a novel transgenic mouse strain overexpressing α-Syn under the TH-promoter within the senescence-accelerated SAMP8 (P8) genetic background...
January 30, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38286189/novel-aspects-of-signal-processing-in-lamina-i
#13
REVIEW
Boris V Safronov, Peter Szucs
The most superficial layer of the spinal dorsal horn, lamina I, is a key element of the nociceptive processing system. It contains different types of projection neurons (PNs) and local-circuit neurons (LCNs) whose functional roles in the signal processing are poorly understood. This article reviews recent progress in elucidating novel anatomical features and physiological properties of lamina I PNs and LCNs revealed by whole-cell recordings in ex vivo spinal cord.
January 27, 2024: Neuropharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38281697/dnmt1-y495c-mutation-interferes-with-maintenance-methylation-of-imprinting-control-regions
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sumana Choudhury, Anuhya Anne, Minali Singh, John Richard Chaillet, Kommu Naga Mohan
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type 1E (HSAN1E) is a rare autosomal dominant neurological disorder due to missense mutations in DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). To investigate the nature of the dominant effect, we compared methylomes of transgenic R1wtDnmt1 and R1Dnmt1Y495C mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) overexpressing WT and the mutant mouse proteins respectively, with the R1 (wild-type) cells. In case of R1Dnmt1Y495C , 15 out of the 20 imprinting control regions were hypomethylated with transcript level dysregulation of multiple imprinted genes in ESCs and neurons...
January 26, 2024: International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38280571/chronic-exposure-to-imipramine-induces-a-switch-from-depression-like-to-mania-like-behavior-in-female-serotonin-transporter-knockout-rats-role-of-bdnf-signaling-in-the-infralimbic-cortex
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mina Sadighi, Lingling Mai, Yifan Xu, Morgane Boillot, Giorgia Targa, Francesca Mottarlini, Paolo Brambilla, Peter Gass, Lucia Caffino, Fabio Fumagalli, Judith R Homberg
BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly burdensome psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating states of mania and depression. A major challenge in the clinic is the switch from depression to mania, which is often observed in female BD patients during antidepressant treatment such as imipramine. However, the underlying neural basis is unclear. METHODS: To investigate the potential neuronal pathways, serotonin transporter knockout (SERT KO) rats, an experimental model of female BD patients, were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests under chronic treatment of the antidepressant imipramine...
January 25, 2024: Journal of Affective Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38262102/evidence-of-mirror-therapy-for-recruitment-of-ipsilateral-motor-pathways-in-stroke-recovery-a-resting-fmri-study
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kexu Zhang, Li Ding, Xu Wang, Jinyang Zhuang, Shanbao Tong, Jie Jia, Xiaoli Guo
Mirror therapy (MT) has been proposed to promote motor recovery post-stroke through activation of mirror neuron system, recruitment of ipsilateral motor pathways, or/and increasing attention toward the affected limb. However, neuroimaging evidence for these mechanisms is still lacking. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we designed a randomized controlled study and used a voxel-based whole-brain analysis of resting-state fMRI to explore the brain reorganizations induced by MT. Thirty-five stroke patients were randomized to an MT group (n ​= ​16) and a conventional therapy (CT) group (n ​= ​19) for a 4-week intervention...
January 22, 2024: Neurotherapeutics: the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38253595/on-computational-models-of-theory-of-mind-and-the-imitative-reinforcement-learning-in-spiking-neural-networks
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashena Gorgan Mohammadi, Mohammad Ganjtabesh
Theory of Mind is referred to the ability of inferring other's mental states, and it plays a crucial role in social cognition and learning. Biological evidences indicate that complex circuits are involved in this ability, including the mirror neuron system. The mirror neuron system influences imitation abilities and action understanding, leading to learn through observing others. To simulate this imitative learning behavior, a Theory-of-Mind-based Imitative Reinforcement Learning (ToM-based ImRL) framework is proposed...
January 23, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38250785/action-observation-and-motor-imagery-as-a-treatment-in-patients-with-parkinson-s-disease
#18
REVIEW
Susanna Mezzarobba, Gaia Bonassi, Laura Avanzino, Elisa Pelosin
Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) has emerged as promising tool for physiotherapy intervention in Parkinson's disease (PD). This narrative review summarizes why, how, and when applying AO and MI training in individual with PD. We report the neural underpinning of AO and MI and their effects on motor learning. We examine the characteristics and the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions and we provide suggestions about their implementation with technologies. Neurophysiological data suggest a substantial correct activation of brain networks underlying AO and MI in people with PD, although the occurrence of compensatory mechanisms has been documented...
January 13, 2024: Journal of Parkinson's Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38248287/being-in-virtual-reality-and-its-influence-on-brain-health-an-overview-of-benefits-limitations-and-prospects
#19
REVIEW
Beata Sokołowska
BACKGROUND: Dynamic technological development and its enormous impact on modern societies are posing new challenges for 21st-century neuroscience. A special place is occupied by technologies based on virtual reality (VR). VR tools have already played a significant role in both basic and clinical neuroscience due to their high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and, above all, high ecological value. OBJECTIVE: Being in a digital world affects the functioning of the body as a whole and its individual systems...
January 10, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38242692/disynaptic-inhibitory-cerebellar-control-over-caudal-medial-accessory-olive
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Willem S van Hoogstraten, Marit C C Lute, Zhiqiang Liu, Robin Broersen, Luca Mangili, Lieke Kros, Zhenyu Gao, Xiaolu Wang, Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg, Chris I De Zeeuw
The olivocerebellar system, which is critical for sensorimotor performance and learning, functions through modules with feedback loops. The main feedback to the inferior olive comes from the cerebellar nuclei (CN), which are predominantly GABAergic and contralateral. However, for the d subnucleus of the caudomedial accessory olive (cdMAO), a crucial region for oculomotor and upper-body movements, the source of GABAergic input has yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a disynaptic inhibitory projection from the medial CN (MCN) to the cdMAO via the superior colliculus (SC) by exploiting retrograde, anterograde and transsynaptic viral tracing at the light microscopic level as well as anterograde classical and viral tracing combined with immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level...
January 19, 2024: ENeuro
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