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REVIEW
Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak, Igor Veniaminovich Maev
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic progressive liver disease and one of the most important progressive cholangiopathies in adults. Damage to cholangiocytes triggers the development of intrahepatic cholestasis, which progresses to cirrhosis in the terminal stage of the disease. Accumulating data indicate that damage to biliary epithelial cells [(BECs), cholangiocytes] is most likely associated with the intracellular accumulation of bile acids, which have potent detergent properties and damaging effects on cell membranes...
October 7, 2023: World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG
#22
REVIEW
Gene Variants Implicated in Steatotic Liver Disease: Opportunities for Diagnostics and Therapeutics.
Gary Huang, Daniel F Wallace, Elizabeth E Powell, Tony Rahman, Paul J Clark, V Nathan Subramaniam
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a steatotic (or fatty) liver occurring as a consequence of a combination of metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, in the absence of significant alcohol consumption and other liver diseases. NAFLD is a spectrum of conditions. Steatosis in the absence of inflammation is relatively benign, but the disease can progress into more severe forms like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD onset and progression are complex, as it is affected by many risk factors...
October 17, 2023: Biomedicines
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Malak Nazem Akl, Khaled El-Qawaqzeh, Tanya Anand, Hamidreza Hosseinpour, Christina Colosimo, Adam Nelson, Qaidar Alizai, Michael Ditillo, Louis J Magnotti, Bellal Joseph
INTRODUCTION: There is a lack of large-scale data on outcomes of cirrhotic patients undergoing trauma laparotomy. We aimed to compare outcomes of cirrhotic versus noncirrhotic trauma patients undergoing laparotomy. METHODS: We analyzed 2018 American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program. We included blunt trauma patients (≥18 y) who underwent a laparotomy. Patients who were transferred, dead on arrival, or had penetrating injuries were excluded...
October 21, 2023: Journal of Surgical Research
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Miaou, François L H Tissot
Relative to healthy controls, lighter copper isotopic compositions have been observed in the serum of breast cancer and end-stage liver disease patients, raising the possibility that Cu isotope ratios could be used as a tracer for disease progression. Here, we assess the potential of natural Cu isotopic variations (expressed as δ65Cu) as diagnostic tools for cancer progression and/or liver failure by performing a first-order analysis of Cu isotopic cycling in the human body. Using a box model, we simulate the kinetics of Cu mass transfer throughout significant reservoirs in the body, allowing isotopic fractionation to occur during Cu uptake/release from these reservoirs...
October 6, 2023: Metallomics: Integrated Biometal Science
#25
REVIEW
Jonathan A Dranoff
A variety of observational studies have demonstrated that coffee, likely acting through caffeine, improves health outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease. The primary pharmacologic role of caffeine is to act as an inhibitor of adenosine receptors. Because key liver cells express adenosine receptors linked to liver injury, regeneration, and fibrosis, it is plausible that the biological effects of coffee are explained by effects of caffeine on adenosinergic signaling in the liver. This review is designed to help the reader make sense of that hypothesis, highlighting key observations in the literature that support or dispute it...
September 27, 2023: Purinergic Signalling
#26
REVIEW
Lucia Giuli, Maria Pallozzi, Giulia Venturini, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Francesco Santopaolo
Vascular liver disorders (VLDs) comprise a wide spectrum of clinical-pathological entities that primarily affect the hepatic vascular system of both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. VLDs more frequently involve the portal and the hepatic veins, as well as liver sinusoids, resulting in an imbalance of liver homeostasis with serious consequences, such as the development of portal hypertension and liver fibrosis. Surprisingly, many VLDs are characterized by a prothrombotic phenotype. The molecular mechanisms that cause thrombosis in VLD are only partially explained by the alteration in the Virchow's triad (hypercoagulability, blood stasis, and endothelial damage) and nowadays their pathogenesis is incompletely described and understood...
August 13, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruofan Sheng, Yunfei Zhang, Heqing Wang, Weiguo Zhang, Kaipu Jin, Wei Sun, Yongming Dai, Jianjun Zhou, Mengsu Zeng
OBJECTIVES: To establish a non-invasive diagnostic system for intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) via decision tree analysis. METHODS: Totally 1008 patients with 504 pathologically confirmed IMCCs and proportional hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinomas (cHCC-CC) from multi-centers were retrospectively included (internal cohort n = 700, external cohort n = 308). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate the independent clinical and MRI predictors for IMCC, and the selected features were used to develop a decision tree-based diagnostic system...
August 8, 2023: European Radiology
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rikita I Hatia, Madhulika Eluri, Ernest T Hawk, Akram Shalaby, Elif Karatas, Ahmed Shalaby, Ahmed Abdelhakeem, Reham Abdel-Wahab, Ping Chang, Asif Rashid, Prasun K Jalal, Christopher I Amos, Younghun Han, Tannaz Armaghany, Rachna T Shroff, Donghui Li, Milind Javle, Manal M Hassan
BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 6-20% of all cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) diagnoses are explained by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), but the underlying risk factors in the absence of PSC are unclear. We examined associations of different risk factors with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) in the US. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of 121 ECC patients and 308 ICC patients treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between May 2014 and March 2020, compared to 1061 healthy controls...
August 4, 2023: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lichao Yao, Xue Hu, Mengqin Yuan, Qiuling Zhang, Pingji Liu, Lian Yang, Kai Dai, Yingan Jiang
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Liver cirrhosis can lead to liver failure and eventually death. Macrophages are the main contributors to cirrhosis and have a bidirectional role in regulating matrix deposition and degradation. Macrophage-based cell therapy has been developed as an alternative to liver transplantation. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding its safety and efficacy. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of combining insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to treat mice with liver cirrhosis...
August 28, 2023: Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomoyo Ikeda, Tokiro Ishikawa, Satoshi Ninagawa, Tetsuya Okada, Masaya Ono, Kazutoshi Mori
When medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) larvae are grown in the absence of exogenous nutrition, the liver becomes dark and positive to Oil Red O staining from 7 days post-hatch (dph). We determined the mechanism of this starvation-induced development of fatty liver by proteomic analysis using livers obtained from larvae grown in the presence or absence of 2% glucose at 5 dph. Results showed that changes in the expression levels of enzymes involved in glycolysis or the tricarboxylic acid cycle were modest, whereas the expression levels of enzymes involved in amino acid catabolism or β-oxidation of fatty acids were significantly elevated, suggesting that they become major energy sources under starvation conditions...
June 27, 2023: Cell Structure and Function
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paola Leone, Yaiza M Arenas, Tiziano Balzano, Gergana Mincheva, Mar Martinez-Garcia, Carmina Montoliu, Marta Llansola, Vicente Felipo
BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation in the cerebral cortex of patients who died with liver cirrhosis and neuroinflammation, and neuronal death in the cerebellum of patients who died with steatohepatitis or cirrhosis, were reported. Hippocampal neuroinflammation could contribute to cognitive decline in patients with liver disease, but this has yet to be studied. The study aims were to assess if hippocampus from patients who died with steatohepatitis or cirrhosis showed: (i) glial activation, (ii) altered cytokine content, (iii) immune cell infiltration, (iv) neuronal apoptosis and (v) neuronal loss...
June 21, 2023: European Journal of Neurology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiang Li, Toshifumi Sato, María Hernández-Tejero, Juliane I Beier, Khaled Sayed, Panayiotis V Benos, Daniel W Wilkey, Abhinav Humar, Michael L Merchant, Andres Duarte-Rojo, Gavin E Arteel
Although liver transplantation (LT) is an effective therapy for cirrhosis, the risk of post-LT NASH is alarmingly high and is associated with accelerated progression to fibrosis/cirrhosis, cardiovascular disease and decreased survival. Lack of risk stratification strategies hampers early intervention against development of post-LT NASH fibrosis. The liver undergoes significant remodeling during inflammatory injury. During such remodeling, degraded peptide fragments (i.e., 'degradome') of the ECM and other proteins increase in plasma, making it a useful diagnostic/prognostic tool in chronic liver disease...
June 20, 2023: Scientific Reports
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nikhil Gupta, Waseem Ramzaan Dar, Asma Wani, Rachit Raj Saxena, Sahil Khatri, Bhumesh Tyagi, Pankaj Bansal, Irfan Ahmad Mir
Objective. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by the presence of ectopic fat in the liver and steatosis, which cannot be explained by alcohol consumption. The association between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well established. As liver fibrosis progresses in a patient with NAFLD, insulin resistance (IR) increases and may worsen diabetes control. The aspartate aminotransferase platelet ratio index (APRI) score is a simple and inexpensive bedside marker that can detect liver fibrosis and cirrhosis...
January 1, 2023: Endocrine Regulations
#34
REVIEW
Agostino Colli, Mirella Fraquelli, Daniele Prati, Giovanni Casazza
BACKGROUND: Advanced chronic liver disease is characterised by a long compensated phase followed by a rapidly progressive 'decompensated' phase, which is marked by the development of complications of portal hypertension and liver dysfunction. Advanced chronic liver disease is considered responsible for more than one million deaths annually worldwide. No treatment is available to specifically target fibrosis and cirrhosis; liver transplantation remains the only curative option. Researchers are investigating strategies to restore liver functionality to avoid or slow progression towards end-stage liver disease...
June 6, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
#35
REVIEW
Robert Schierwagen, Wenyi Gu, Angela Brieger, Bernhard Brüne, Sandra Ciesek, Ivan Đikić, Stefanie Dimmeler, Gerd Geisslinger, Florian R Greten, Eva Hermann, Eberhard Hildt, Volkhard A J Kempf, Sabine Klein, Ina Koch, Heiko Mühl, Volker Müller, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Roxane-Isabelle Kestner, Albrecht Piiper, Gernot Rohde, Klaus Scholich, Marcel H Schulz, Holger Storf, Tuna Toptan, Mariuca Vasa-Nicotera, Maria J G T Vehreschild, Andreas Weigert, Peter J Wild, Stefan Zeuzem, Cornelius Engelmann, Liliana Schaefer, Christoph Welsch, Jonel Trebicka
Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of all chronic liver diseases and contributes significantly to overall mortality of 2% globally. The age-standardized mortality from liver cirrhosis in Europe is between 10 and 20% and can be explained by not only the development of liver cancer but also the acute deterioration in the patient's overall condition. The development of complications including accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites), bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract (variceal bleeding), bacterial infections, or a decrease in brain function (hepatic encephalopathy) define an acute decompensation that requires therapy and often leads to acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) by different precipitating events...
July 1, 2023: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
#36
REVIEW
Sinobol Chusilp, Felicia Balsamo, Bo Li, Paisarn Vejchapipat, Agostino Pierro
Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe cholangiopathy in infants. It is characterized by inflammatory fibro-obliteration of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Although the restoration of bile flow can be successful after Kasai operation, the rapid progression of liver fibrosis can continue, leading to cirrhosis. It is believed that the progression of liver fibrosis in BA is exacerbated by complicated mechanisms other than the consequence of bile duct obstruction. The fibrogenic cascade in BA liver can be divided into three stages, including liver inflammatory injury, myofibroblast activation, and fibrous scar formation...
May 30, 2023: Pediatric Surgery International
#37
REVIEW
Ming Yang, Ethan Vanderwert, Eric T Kimchi, Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll, Guangfu Li
Liver fibrosis accompanies the development of various chronic liver diseases and promotes their progression. It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) and impaired ECM degradation. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major cellular source of ECM-producing myofibroblasts. If liver fibrosis is uncontrolled, it may lead to cirrhosis and even liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Natural killer (NK) cells are a key component of innate immunity and have miscellaneous roles in liver health and disease...
May 8, 2023: Biomedicines
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ares Villagrasa, Virginia Hernández-Gea, Ramon Bataller, Álvaro Giráldez, Bogdan Procopet, Lucio Amitrano, Candid Villanueva, Dominique Thabut, Luis Ibañez-Samaniego, Agustin Albillos, Christophe Bureau, Jonel Trebicka, Elba Llop, Wim Laleman, J M Palazon, Jose Castellote, Susana Rodrigues, Lise L Gluud, Carlos N Ferreira, Nuria Cañete, Manuel Rodríguez, Arnulf Ferlitsch, Jose L Mundi, Henning Gronbaek, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, Romano Sassatelli, Alessandra Dell'Era, Marco Senzolo, Juan G Abraldes, Alexander Zipprich, Meritxell Casas, Helena Masnou, Massimo Primignani, Aleksander Krag, Gilberto Silva-Junior, Manuel Romero-Gómez, Marcel Tantau, Maria A Guardascione, Edilmar Alvarado, Marika Rudler, Rafael Bañares, Javier Martinez, Marie A Robic, Christian Jansen, Jose L Calleja, Frederik Nevens, Jaime Bosch, Meritxell Ventura-Cots, Juan C García-Pagan, Joan Genescà
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) encompasses a high mortality. AH might be a concomitant event in patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB). The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of AH in patients with AVB and to compare the clinical outcomes of AH patients to other alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) phenotypes and viral cirrhosis. METHODS: Multicentre, observational study including 916 patients with AVB falling under the next categories: AH (n = 99), ALD cirrhosis actively drinking (d-ALD) (n = 285), ALD cirrhosis abstinent from alcohol (a-ALD) (n = 227) and viral cirrhosis (n = 305)...
July 2023: Liver International: Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nikhilesh R Mazumder, Filip Jezek, Elliot B Tapper, Daniel A Beard
Background and rationale for the studyAs liver disease progresses, scarring results in worsening hemodynamics ultimately culminating in portal hypertension. This process has classically been quantified via the Porto-Systemic pressure Gradient (PSG) which is clinically estimated by Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient (HVPG), however PSG alone does not predict a given patient's clinical trajectory with regards to Baveno stage of cirrhosis. We hypothesize that a patient's 'PSG-sensitivity' to venous remodeling could explain disparate disease trajectories...
April 22, 2023: Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ning Ma, Ao Jin, Yitong Sun, Yiyao Jin, Yucheng Sun, Qian Xiao, XuanYi Sha, Fengxue Yu, Lei Yang, Wenxuan Liu, Xia Gao, Xiaolin Zhang, Lu Li
Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection seriously affects human health. Present studies suggest that genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the mechanism of cancer development. Therefore, this study focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MMR genes associated with HBV-HCC. Five groups of participants were included in this study, which were healthy control group (HC), spontaneous clearance (SC), chronic hepatitis B group (CHB), HBV-related liver cirrhosis group (LC) and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma group (HBV-HCC)...
2023: Frontiers in Oncology
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